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Lin L, Pan X, Feng Y, Yang J. Chronic kidney disease combined with metabolic syndrome is a non-negligible risk factor. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241252309. [PMID: 39071115 PMCID: PMC11273817 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241252309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of conditions characterized by hypertension (HTN), hyperglycaemia or insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidaemia, and abdominal obesity. MetS is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality and is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS can cause CKD or accelerate the progression of kidney disease. Recent studies have found that MetS and kidney disease have a cause-and-effect relationship. Patients with CKD, those undergoing kidney transplantation, or kidney donors have a significantly higher risk of developing MetS than normal people. The present study reviewed the possible mechanisms of MetS in patients with CKD, including the disorders of glucose and fat metabolism after kidney injury, IR, HTN and the administration of glucocorticoid and calcineurin inhibitors. In addition, this study reviewed the effect of MetS in patients with CKD on important target organs such as the kidney, heart, brain and blood vessels, and the treatment and prevention of CKD combined with MetS. The study aims to provide strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CKD in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Kaizhou District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjun Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Aerospace Hospital, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing 401120, China
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Valizadeh A, Nikoohemmat M, Ebadinejad A, Soltani S, Tape PMK, Sohrabi A, Abiri B, Valizadeh M. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for the development of kidney dysfunction: a meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:215-227. [PMID: 38932881 PMCID: PMC11196551 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern with increasing prevalence and associated complications. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to CKD, but the evidence remains inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between MetS and kidney dysfunction. Method We conducted a comprehensive search of databases until December 2022 for cohort studies assessing the association between MetS and incident kidney dysfunction. Meta-analysis was performed using fixed and random effects models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests. Result A total of 24 eligible studies, involving 6,573,911 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing CKD (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28, 1.57), albuminuria or proteinuria (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.86), and rapid decline in kidney function (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07, 1.47). Subgroup analyses showed a stronger association as the number of MetS components increased. However, gender-specific subgroups demonstrated varying associations. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for kidney dysfunction, requiring close renal monitoring. Lifestyle changes and targeted interventions may help reduce CKD burden. Further research is needed to understand the connection fully and assess intervention efficacy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01348-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nikoohemmat
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ebadinejad
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parya Mozafari Komesh Tape
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sohrabi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang H, Cui Z, Quan Z. Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Function: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:114-122. [PMID: 37944108 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal function remains controversial in observational studies. To comprehensively investigate the association between MetS and its components with CKD and renal function, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed. Methods: The inverse variance weighting (IVW) of random effects was used as the main estimation method, while MR-Egger and weighted median analysis results were used for auxiliary judgments. Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results: The MR analyses of genetically predicted MetS and its components' association with CKD risk and renal function showed the following causal associations: hypertension with CKD risk; MetS and obesity with increased blood urea nitrogen and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C; hypertension and diabetes with increased urine albumin-creatinine ratio and increased risk of microalbuminuria; and CKD with increased triglyceride. Conclusion: Based on genetic data, this study demonstrated an association between hypertension and CKD risk and a causal association between other MetS components and renal function. The early diagnosis and prevention of MetS and its components might be essential for CKD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhao Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Zhenyu Quan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Arellano Buendia AS, Juárez Rojas JG, García-Arroyo F, Aparicio Trejo OE, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Argüello-García R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Bojalil R, Osorio-Alonso H. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney of an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16132. [PMID: 37786577 PMCID: PMC10541809 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses a group of risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney from an experimental model of MS. Methods Male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were used, and three experimental groups (n = 6) were formed: control (C), metabolic syndrome (MS), and MS treated with allicin (16 mg/Kg/day, gastric gavage) (MS+A). MS was considered when an increase of 20% in at least three parameters (body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), or dyslipidemia) was observed compared to the C group. After the MS diagnosis, allicin was administered for 30 days. Results Before the treatment with allicin, the MS group showed more significant body weight gain, increased SBP, and FBG, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. In addition, increased markers of kidney damage in urine and blood. Moreover, the MS increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney compared to group C. The allicin treatment prevented further weight gain, reduced SBP, FBG, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Also, markers of kidney damage in urine and blood were decreased. Further, the oxidative stress and inflammation were decreased in the renal cortex of the MS+A compared to the MS group. Conclusion Allicin exerts its beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome by considerably reducing systemic and renal inflammation as well as the oxidative stress. These effects were mediated through the Nrf2 pathway. The results suggest allicin may be a therapeutic alternative for treating kidney injury induced by the metabolic syndrome risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Said Arellano Buendia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico, Xochimilco, Mexico
- Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico, Tlalpan, México
| | | | - Fernando García-Arroyo
- Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico, Tlalpan, México
| | | | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico, Tlalpan, México
| | - Raúl Argüello-García
- Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, Gustavo A. Madero, México
| | | | - Rafael Bojalil
- Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico, Xochimilco, México
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico, Tlalpan, México
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Kim B, Kim GM, Han K, Maki N, Taniguchi K, Oh S. The Triglyceride-Glucose Index is Independently Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in the Geriatric Population, Regardless of Obesity and Sex. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2023; 27:258-265. [PMID: 37673691 PMCID: PMC10556718 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) negatively affects several risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study investigated whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, which reflects IR, was independently associated with CKD in a geriatric population, regardless of obesity and sex. METHODS The analysis included 7,326 individuals (2,864 males and 4,462 females) aged ≥60 years. Non-obesity or obesity was evaluated using a body mass index cutoff of 25 kg/m2. The TyG index was calculated as ln [triglyceride concentration (mg/dL)×fasting plasma glucose concentration (mg/dL)]/2. All participants were categorized into three groups according to TyG tertiles. Moderate-to-severe CKD (MSCKD) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <45.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS In males and females with or without obesity, a trend test showed a decreasing tendency in the eGFR from the lowest to highest TyG tertiles. Males without obesity and females with obesity in the middle and highest tertiles of the TyG index were 2.342 and 2.393, and were 2.313 and 3.516 times more likely to have MSCKD, respectively. Those with or without obesity in the highest tertile of the TyG index were 1.736 and 2.374 times more likely to have MSCKD, respectively. CONCLUSION Geriatric populations with an increased TyG index have a high risk of MSCKD regardless of obesity and sex. Our findings suggest that increased IR is associated with CKD in the geriatric population independent of obesity and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Kim
- Future Convergence Research Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
- Human Community Renovation Research Center, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Gwon-Min Kim
- Human Community Renovation Research Center, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Naoki Maki
- Human Community Renovation Research Center, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Keisuke Taniguchi
- Human Community Renovation Research Center, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Sechang Oh
- Human Community Renovation Research Center, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura, Japan
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Li X, Liang Q, Zhong J, Gan L, Zuo L. The Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041614. [PMID: 36836149 PMCID: PMC9962508 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported inconsistent findings in the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and loss of renal function, mainly including eGFR decline, new-onset CKD, and ESRD. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate their potential associations. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched from their inception to 21 July 2022. Observational cohort studies in English assessing the risk of renal dysfunction in individuals with MetS were identified. Risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled using the random-effects approach. RESULTS A total of 32 studies with 413,621 participants were included in the meta-analysis. MetS contributed to higher risks of renal dysfunction (RR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.39-1.61) and, specifically, rapid decline in eGFR (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.51), new-onset CKD (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.37-1.58), as well as ESRD (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.08-2.22). Moreover, all individual components of MetS were significantly associated with renal dysfunction, while elevated BP conveyed the highest risk (RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29-1.46), impaired fasting glucose with the lowest and diabetic-dependent risk (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.09-1.33). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with MetS and its components are at higher risk of renal dysfunction.
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Liu P, Tang L, Fang J, Chen C, Liu X. Association between recovery/occurrence of metabolic syndrome and rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in middle-aged and older populations: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059504. [PMID: 36261237 PMCID: PMC9582318 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have explored correlations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) alterations and renal deterioration in longitudinal cohorts. We aim to investigate associations between MetS recovery/development and rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING This study is a secondary analysis of CHARLS. PARTICIPANTS After excluding individuals with age <45 years old, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and clinician-reported malignant tumour, heart disease, stroke or kidney disease at baseline, 4142 participants with complete data were selected from the CHARLS during the 4-year follow-up period (2011-2015). OUTCOME MEASURES MetS were measured at 2011 and 2015 in CHARLS. A rapid eGFR decline was defined as an average annual eGFR decline of >3 mL/min/1.73 m2. The associations between rapid eGFR decline and MetS recovery/development were analysed using multivariable adjusted logistic models. RESULTS According to MetS baseline status and follow-up, participants were divided into four groups: (1) 2460 (59.4%) in the MetS-free group, (2) 361 (8.7%) in the MetS-developed group, (3) 499 (12.0%) in the MetS recovery group and (4) 822 (19.8%) in the MetS chronic group. When compared with the MetS chronic group, the multivariable adjusted OR of rapid eGFR decline in the MetS recovery group was 0.64 (OR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.90, p=0.01). In contrast, when compared with the MetS-free group, the multivariable adjusted OR of rapid eGFR decline in the MetS-developed group was 1.00 (OR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.38, p=0.98). CONCLUSIONS Over the 4-year follow-up period, we found that MetS recovery was associated with a reduced risk of rapid eGFR decline in middle-aged and older adults, while MetS occurrence was not related to rapid eGFR decline. Recovery from MetS appeared to protect against a rapid decline in eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leile Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hung CC, Zhen YY, Niu SW, Lin KD, Lin HYH, Lee JJ, Chang JM, Kuo IC. Predictive Value of HbA1c and Metabolic Syndrome for Renal Outcome in Non-Diabetic CKD Stage 1-4 Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081858. [PMID: 36009406 PMCID: PMC9404918 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are commonly used to indicate long-term glycemic control. An HbA1c level of 6.5−5.7% is defined as pre-diabetes and is proposed as a criterion for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, HbA1c levels can be affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether HbA1c is associated with clinical outcomes in nondiabetic CKD patients with or without MetS is still unknown. This study included 1270 nondiabetic CKD stage 1−4 Asian patients, divided by HbA1c and MetS. Through linear regression, HbA1c was positively associated with age, waist circumference, hemoglobin levels, and C-reactive protein and was negatively associated with malnutrition−inflammation. HbA1c levels were 5.5% (0.6%) and 5.7% (0.6%) in non-MetS and MetS, respectively (p < 0.001). In Cox regression, higher-level HbA1c was associated with worse composite renal outcome in MetS patients, but with better renal outcome in non-MetS patients: Hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of HbA1c ≥5.7%, compared with HbA1c <5%, was 2.00 (1.06−3.78) in MetS and 0.25 (0.14−0.45) in non-MetS. An association between HbA1c and all-cause mortality was not found. In conclusion, higher HbA1c levels are associated with worse renal outcomes in nondiabetic CKD stage 1−4 patients modified by the presence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
| | - Sheng-Wen Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Der Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hugo You-Hsien Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
| | - I-Ching Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (S.-W.N.); (H.Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (J.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Lin L, Tan W, Pan X, Tian E, Wu Z, Yang J. Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury: A Review and Update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:904001. [PMID: 35813613 PMCID: PMC9261267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS is 20-25%, which is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS causes effects on renal pathophysiology, including glomerular hyperfiltration, RAAS, microalbuminuria, profibrotic factors and podocyte injury. This review compares several criteria of MetS and analyzes their differences. MetS and the pathogenesis of CKD includes insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The intervention of MetS-related renal damage is the focus of this article and includes controlling body weight, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, requiring all components to meet the criteria. In addition, interventions such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, body metabolism, appetite inhibition, podocyte apoptosis, and mesenchymal stem cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Kaizhou District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - En Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
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The Impact of Hepatitis C Virus, Metabolic Disturbance, and Unhealthy Behavior on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Cross-Sectional Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063558. [PMID: 35329244 PMCID: PMC8952695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates the relationship among HCV, CKD, and understudied confounders, such as unhealthy behaviors and metabolic disturbances. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a community health promotion program in an HCV endemic area of Taiwan from June to December 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics were performed to investigate the association between CKD and HCV seropositivity. RESULTS Of 2387 participants who underwent health check-ups, the mean age was 64.1 years old; females predominated (63.2%), and 306 (12.8%) subjects were seropositive for HCV. CKD, defined as a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was associated with unhealthy dietary habits, metabolic syndrome, and HCV. Less frequent exercise, higher waist circumference (WC) and HbA1c all affected risk of CKD; HCV increased risk of CKD by 44% compared to non-HCV (OR 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.98) in the multivariable analysis. In the HCV group, lower eGFR was also significantly associated with the severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (median eGFR was 86.4, 77.1, and 64.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 for individuals with three and five MetS components, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Beyond metabolic disturbance and irregular exercise, HCV seropositivity is independently associated with CKD in a community survey. Healthy lifestyle promotion might protect against renal function decline in HCV; however, the mechanisms underlying the association need further large-scale investigation.
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Silveira Rossi JL, Barbalho SM, Reverete de Araujo R, Bechara MD, Sloan KP, Sloan LA. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3502. [PMID: 34614543 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non-infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in 'dysmetabolic' patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the traditional components of MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, and oxidative stress. MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states and metaflammation are often accompanied by metabolic changes directly related to CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Moreover, the metaflammation is characterised by an increase in the serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), originating from the chronically inflamed adipose tissue and associated with oxidative stress. The increase of reactive oxygen species overloads the antioxidant systems causing post-translational alterations of proteins, lipids, and DNA leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycaemia contributes to the increase in oxidative stress and the production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) which are related to cellular and molecular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with cellular senescence and CVD. CVD should not be seen only as being triggered by classical MS risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathological process with several triggering and aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium and long-term repercussions, however, invariably constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive and therapeutic measures against oxy-reductive imbalances and metaflammation states has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Leonardo Silveira Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia, Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Reverete de Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lance Alan Sloan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, Texas, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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12
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Prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2625. [PMID: 35173187 PMCID: PMC8850419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with different components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes or obesity. We aimed to analyze the prevalence and associations of MetS in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Cross-sectional study in heavy drinkers admitted for the treatment of AUD between 2013 and 2017. Medical comorbidity, anthropometric data, alcohol use and biological parameters were obtained. MetS was established according to the harmonized definition. A total of 728 patients (22% women) were included; median age was 47 years (IQR: 40–53.5), median alcohol consumption was 160 g/day (IQR: 115–240) and prevalence of MetS was 13.9%. The multivariate analysis showed a significant dose–response effect of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and MetS: relative to patients with eGFR > 90 mL/min, those with eGFR (60–90 mL/min) and those with eGFR < 60 mL/min were 1.93 times (95% CI 1.18–3.15) and 5.61 times (95% CI 1.66–19.0) more likely to have MetS, respectively. MetS was significantly associated with hyperuricemia (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.36–3.82) and elevated serum GGT (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.80–7.46). Furthermore, for every increase of 1 year in age, the probability of MetS increased significantly (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05). MetS in heavy drinkers is independently associated with reduced kidney function and metabolic risk factors including hyperuricemia and elevated serum GGT.
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13
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Wu M, Shu Y, Wang L, Song L, Chen S, Liu Y, Bi J, Li D, Yang Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Tian Y. Metabolic syndrome severity score and the progression of CKD. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13646. [PMID: 34197633 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome severity, expressed by the continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (MetS score), has been demonstrated to be able to predict future health conditions. However, little is known about the association between MetS score and renal function. METHODS A total of 22,719 participants with normal renal function abstracted from the Kailuan Study were followed from 2006 to 2016. The new onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria >300 mg/dl. Progressive decline in renal function was defined as an annual change rate of eGFR below the 10th percentile of the whole population. RESULTS In the multivariate-adjusted model, we found that the risk of progressive decline in renal function increased consistently with the MetS score, with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.28, 1.73) for those subjects>75th percentile compared with those <25th percentile. Additionally, a high MetS score was found to be associated with an increased risk of CKD, with a hazard ratio of 1.53 (95% CI, 1.33, 1.78) for subjects >75th percentile compared with those <25th percentile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the MetS score was associated with an increased risk of a progressive decline in renal function and was also a strong and independent risk factor for the development of CKD. These findings provide evidence of the potential clinical utility of the MetS score for assessing metabolic syndrome severity to detect the risk of decreased renal function and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianing Bi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dankang Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingping Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Qiu F, Xu Y, Ji X, Pu J, Zhou J, Huang Y. Incidence and correlation of metabolic syndrome and kidney stones in a healthy screening population. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3646-3655. [PMID: 34733660 PMCID: PMC8511539 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and kidney stones in a healthy screening population and to explore the correlation between them. Methods The physical examination data of 11,827 people screened at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2019 to July 2020 were analyzed. MetS diagnostic criteria were based on the 2004 guidelines of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between MetS and various characteristics and kidney stones. Trend analysis was represented by P value, and P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The present study comprised 6,570 males (55.6%, aged 46.15±13.653 years) and 5,257 females (44.4%, aged 41.41±11.712 years). Of these, 1,036 (8.8%) had kidney stones and 1,552 (13.1%) had MetS. Among the MetS patients, 35.1% had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25, 27.7% had hypertension, 10.8% had hyperglycemia, and 31.2% had dyslipidemia. Kidney stone morbidity was 14.5% in the MetS group and 7.9% in the non-MetS group (P<0.05). As the number of MetS characteristics increased, kidney stone morbidity showed a linear increasing trend (P<0.05 for trend). With an increase in BMI and blood triglycerides (TG), and a decrease in lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the incidence of kidney stones had an increasing trend (P<0.05 for trend). Sex, age and MetS were independent risk factors for the occurrence of kidney stones, with and odds ratio (OR) of 1.493 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.264–1.763] for MetS. Of the MetS characteristics, BMI ≥25 and blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mmHg were independent risk factors for kidney stones, with OR values of 1.209 (95% CI: 1.047–1.396) and 1.248 (95% CI: 1.071–1.453), respectively. Conclusions MetS is an independent risk factor for kidney stones. Appropriate medication and dietary advice may help to correct urinary metabolic abnormalities and prevent the recurrence of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, KunShan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ji
- Department of Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dushuhu Public Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Gori F, Tirelli AS, Piontini A, De Gennaro Colonna V, Bamonti F, Vassalle C, Vigna L. Metabolic Syndrome, Homocysteine and uric acid in patients with obesity; experience from Obesity and Work Centre. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-210554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Uric acid (UA) and homocysteine (HCys) are involved in cardiovascular diseases. Patients with obesity (PwO) are characterized by elevated cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between HCys and UA concentrations in 1141 overweight patients and PwO with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: MS was defined according to IDF criteria (2005). Anthropometric data were recorded and blood biochemical parameters were assessed with routine methods on fasting blood samples. Statistics: Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Gender, obesity and MS influenced both UA and HCys levels, which were increased in males, MS patients, PwO with MS and positively correlated (p < 0.001). Patients without MS had normal or slightly high levels. Hypertension, hyperuricemia and hyperhomocysteinemia were found in PwO with MS. UA concentration correlated with systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and HDL (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that HCys concentration was an independent determinant factor affecting UA levels (T value 3.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: HCys and UA levels positively and significantly correlated in PwO, especially in those with MS. The significant correlation between UA and hypertension, triglycerides, HDL suggests the clinical usefulness of monitoring UA together with HCys concentrations as cardiovascular risk marker in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gori
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedea Silvia Tirelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piontini
- Occupational Health Unit, Center of Obesity and Work, EASO Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito De Gennaro Colonna
- Occupational Health Unit, Center of Obesity and Work, EASO Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health DISSCO, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bamonti
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luisella Vigna
- Occupational Health Unit, Center of Obesity and Work, EASO Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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16
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Moustakim R, Mziwira M, El Ayachi M, Belahsen R. Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Kidney Disease in Moroccan Adult Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:460-468. [PMID: 34432550 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that may promote the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components and, to study their association with CKD among Moroccan adult population living in an agricultural province. Materials and Methods: The study involved 210 adult participants of 18 and over years, of both sexes, sampled from urban and rural areas of Sidi Bennour province in Morocco. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and serum creatinine were determined. Subsequent glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease formula and the CKD was defined by an estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) report. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.18 ± 13.45 years, the prevalence of MetS and CKD were 38% and 4.4%, respectively. Abdominal obesity was the strongest risk factor of MetS among the studied population (71%), followed by increased fasting plasma glucose (40.5%), high blood pressure (35.2%), hypercholesterolemia (31.0%), and hypertriglyceridemia (23.8%). The prevalence of these comorbid factors increased with age (P = 0.000), BMI (P = 0.000), and decreased with education level (P = 0.012). The presence of MetS was significantly associated with decreased eGFR (P = 0.022), hence the prevalence of CKD was markedly greater in subjects with MetS than those without. Conclusions: Our finding indicates that MetS is a serious public health problem in the study population and that its individual components are involved in decreasing the eGFR and the progression of renal dysfunction. The study results support the need of the development of a strategy to control and prevent worsening of the MetS individual components and development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Moustakim
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Mziwira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.,Higher Normal School of Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Ayachi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Rekia Belahsen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
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17
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Ge H, Yang Z, Li X, Liu D, Li Y, Pan Y, Luo D, Wu X. The prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in Chinese aging population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20034. [PMID: 33208868 PMCID: PMC7675973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is hitting high notes in the aging society in China. However, the prevalence and associated factors in Chinese aging population lack clarity to some extent. In the present study, we projected to inquire into the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors by analyzing datasets downloaded from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Data comprising age, gender, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors as well as blood biomarkers were subjected to descriptive statistics followed by univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. The overall prevalence of MetS was 33.38% (95% CI 32.42–34.34%). With age augments, prevalence increased during 40–70 years, while declined in participants aged 70 years above. Females had 2.94 times of risks (95% CI 2.55–3.39, P < 0.001). Marital status and alcohol consumption contributed nothing to the suffering of MetS. Participants with GDP per capita > 10,000 RMB and a non-agricultural hukou sustained higher risks than other participants (P < 0.05). Participants under education of middle school suffered 1.16 times of risks than other level of education (95% CI 1.01–1.34, P < 0.05). Smokers, participants with high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or hyperuricemia or high glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c sustained increased risks (P < 0.05). In Chinese aging population, with the augment of age, the prevalence ascended in men, while descended in women and was interfered by socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors as well as blood biomarkers, but not marital status and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Ge
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Laboratory of Innovation, Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Xixi Wu
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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18
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Reeves T, Pietropaolo A, Gadzhiev N, Seitz C, Somani BK. Role of Endourological Procedures (PCNL and URS) on Renal Function: a Systematic Review. Curr Urol Rep 2020; 21:21. [PMID: 32318942 PMCID: PMC7228975 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-020-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present the latest evidence related to the impact of ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on the renal function. RECENT FINDINGS Our review suggests that the overall renal function is not detrimentally affected by endourological interventions (URS, PCNL). This is however influenced by the preoperative renal function, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. For PCNL procedures, tract multiplicity, preoperative UTI, and postoperative bleeding also contribute to a decline in renal function. This review suggests that endourological interventions do not adversely affect renal function and tend to improve it in patients who do not have a poor renal function prior to the procedure. Several factors including poor preoperative renal function, diabetes, hypertension, and multiple percutaneous tracts appear to predispose patients to declining renal function after procedure, and these patients should be counseled for and followed up appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reeves
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Amelia Pietropaolo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Nariman Gadzhiev
- Department of Urology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Lva Tolstogo 17, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation 197342
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bhaskar K. Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
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