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Wang G, Wang Y, Kong J, Li Y, Wu J, Chen Y, Liu X, Shang Y, Zhang Z. Comparison of the sensitivity of three cell cultures to ORFV. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:13. [PMID: 30616567 PMCID: PMC6322270 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contagious ecthyma (CE) appears in the countries and regions containing goat and sheep farms, and it is considered a global epidemic. CE not only severely endangers the healthy development of the sheep and goat industries but also threatens human health. For viral infectious diseases, fast and effective isolation and culture of the pathogen is critical for CE diagnosis, and for disease prevention and control. Therefore, the sensitivity of bovine Sertoli cells to ORFV was estimate in this study. Results The sensitivities of bovine Sertoli cells, primary neonatal bovine testicular cells, and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line to ORFV were compared. Our results showed that the isolated bovine Sertoli cells were sensitive to inoculated ORFV, and viral titers were approximately 1 log higher than those in primary neonatal bovine testicular cells and in MDBK cell lines. Conclusion Appropriately sensitive cells for the highly efficient isolation and culture of the ORFV were obtained. Culture of ORFV using the Sertoli cells showed good consistency and stability and also avoided the risk of other pathogens presenting during viral culture using a primary cell line. In addition, using these passaged bovine Sertoli cells to proliferate ORFV may simplify the CE diagnosis process, thereby reducing detection time and cost. Hence, this test has important practical significance for the diagnosis of CE and the research on the pathogenic mechanism of ORFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jiaqi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China. .,National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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KARABASANAVAR NAGAPPA, BAGALKOTE PRASHANTHS, RAJASHEKARA DB, MANJUNATHA SS, VEERANNA KC. Phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus associated with contagious ecthyma (orf) outbreak in Tellicherry goats (Capra hircus). THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i2.79288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is a member of genus Parapoxvirus that causes contagious ecthyma in goats. A pox-like disease was investigated in Tellicherry goats (31 female) maintained at a semi-organized farm. History revealed recent introduction of Tellicherry goats for breeding purpose and housing of the new entrants in to a farm already having a mild form of pox-like disease. Newly introduced and stressed Tellicherry goats developed severe form of infection with 100% morbidity. Affected goats showed lesions around lips (100%), commissure (53%) and oral cavity (65%); exanthematic dermatitis was evident in 94% of the affected goats followed by ulceration (47%) and nodular lesions (24%). Scab samples were collected from affected goats to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Genus Parapoxvirus was confirmed by the amplification of specific 594 bp and 235 bp amplicons. Further, Orf virus specific amplicon of size 1,206 bp was also amplified for the confirmation. Sequence analysis of PCR amplicons showed close resemblance of the outbreak strain with reported Indian Orf virus isolates. Based on the homology of the outer envelope protein B2L gene sequence of Orf virus, the source of infection to the Tellicherry goats was traced to the local goat. Although Orf virus is zoonotic; however, no occupational transmission was noticed in the present outbreak.
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Association of two clusters of Orf virus isolates in outbreaks of infection in goat in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Virusdisease 2017; 28:345-348. [PMID: 29291224 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of contagious pustular dermatitis and can cause skin disease in sheep and goats. In this study, two outbreaks of ORFV infection in goats in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey were investigated. Samples were collected from 1- to 4-month-old kids (n = 9) in two different flocks in the Aksaray and Konya Provinces during the months of March and May 2016. The presence of ORFV in suspected samples was confirmed by PCR using primers specific to envelope gene (B2L). The analysis of the B2L gene sequences revealed that the nucleotide homology between the two isolates in the present study was 100%, whereas the similarity with Parapoxvirus isolates from different regions ranged from 83.6 to 99%. Phylogenetic analysis of the B2L gene revealed that there are two main clusters of ORFV isolates which were responsible for past outbreaks in Turkey. The information presented here will provide an insight into genetic diversity of field isolates of ORFV circulating in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey.
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Maganga GD, Relmy A, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Ngoubangoye B, Tsoumbou T, Bouchier C, N'Dilimabaka N, Leroy EM, Zientara S, Berthet N. Molecular characterization of Orf virus in goats in Gabon, Central Africa. Virol J 2016; 13:79. [PMID: 27178401 PMCID: PMC4866431 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orf or contagious ecthyma is a zoonotic viral infection with a potential serious health threat for the small ruminants industry as well as humans. It is currently emerging in new territories. RESULTS Eight suspected clinical cases of pustular dermatitis in goats occurred in the rural area of Tebe, in south-eastern Gabon, in January 2013. The orf virus (ORFV) was detected by high-throughput sequencing on sera, buccal swabs and scab pool samples. It was confirmed in six out of eight sick goats by using specific PCR targeting the major envelope protein (B2L) and the orf virus interferon resistance (VIR) genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Gabonese strain and South Korean strains evolved from a common ancestor, suggesting an Asian origin of the ORFV' Gabonese strain. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the molecular detection of the ORFV strain involved in the cases of pustular dermatitis in goats and highlights its circulation in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael D Maganga
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP769, Franceville, Gabon. .,Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon.
| | - Anthony Relmy
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali-Kassimi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Barthélémy Ngoubangoye
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Thierry Tsoumbou
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Christiane Bouchier
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Génomique - Pôle Biomics, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Nadine N'Dilimabaka
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Eric M Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP769, Franceville, Gabon.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et vecteurs: Ecologie, génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 6 UM1- UM2), Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Berthet
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP769, Franceville, Gabon.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR3569, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, France
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5
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Yang Y, Qin X, Wang G, Jin J, Shang Y, Zhang Z. Development of an isothermoal amplification-based assay for rapid visual detection of an Orf virus. Virol J 2016; 13:46. [PMID: 26993468 PMCID: PMC4799565 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orf virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of a severe infectious skin disease (also known as contagious ecthyma) in goats, sheep and other small ruminants. Importantly, ORFV also infect humans which causes a public health concern in the context of changing environment and increase in human populations. The rapid detection is critical in effective control of the disease and urgently needed. RESULTS A novel "point of care" molecular amplification assay for rapid visual detection of ORFV was developed based on isothermoal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology in combination with a simpler lateral flow immunoassay strip (ORFV RPA- LFD assay). The developed ORFV RPA- LFD assay was able to detect ORFV in less than 25 min. This assay was highly sensitive, with detection limit of as low as 80 copies/reaction, and highly specific, with no cross-reactions with capripox virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. Furthermore, the ORFV RPA- LFD assay has good correlation with qPCR assay for detection of ORFV present in clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS The developed ORFV RPA-LFD assay was a sensitive and specific method for rapid detection of ORFV, and has great potential as an onsite molecular diagnostic tool in control of Orf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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6
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Yang Y, Qin X, Wang G, Zhang Y, Shang Y, Zhang Z. Development of a fluorescent probe-based recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Orf virus. Virol J 2015; 12:206. [PMID: 26631157 PMCID: PMC4668657 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orf virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of Orf (also known as contagious ecthyma or contagious papular dermatitis), a severe infectious skin disease in goats, sheep and other ruminants. The rapid detection of ORFV is of great importance in disease control and highly needed. A isothermal molecular diagnostic approach, termed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), is considered as an novel and rapid alternative techonology to PCR assay. Results In the present study, a novel fluorescent probe based on RPA assay (ORFV exo RPA assay) was developed. The developed ORFV exo RPA assay was capable of as low as 100 copies of ORFV DNA /reaction and was highly specific, with no cross-reaction with closely related viruses (capripox virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus or peste des petits ruminants virus). Further assessment with clinical samples showed that the developed ORFV exo RPA assay has good correlation with qPCR assays for detection of ORFV. Conclusions These results suggest that the developed ORFV exo RPA assay is suitable for rapid detection of ORFV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0440-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Guangxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Yuen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China. .,The Medical School, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
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7
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Abdullah AA, Ismail MFB, Balakrishnan KN, Bala JA, Hani H, Abba Y, Awang Isa MK, Abdullah FFJ, Arshad SS, Nazariah ZA, Abdullah R, Mustapha NM, Mohd-Lila MA. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine Orf virus in Malaysia. Virusdisease 2015; 26:255-9. [PMID: 26645035 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus is a DNA virus that causes contiguous ecthyma in goat and sheep. Infection of animals with this virus cause high mortality in young animals resulting in huge economic losses. In this study, we investigated an outbreak of Orf in a goat farm in Malaysia. Samples were collected from infected animals and viral isolation was done using both LT and MDCK cell lines. Molecular detection was done by conventional PCR for specific primers; B2L and F1L genes and phylogenetic analysis was done on the sequence data obtained. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed in both cell lines after 3 days of inoculation and were 50 % by the sixth day. PCR showed positive bands for both B2L and F1L genes and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Malaysian strain had close homology to the Chinese and Indian Orf virus isolates. This study gives more insight into the existing Orf viral strains in Malaysia and their relationship with other strains globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Bin Ismail
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Homayoun Hani
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Mohd Kamaruddin Awang Isa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Zeenatul Allaudin Nazariah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia ; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia ; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Noordin Mohamed Mustapha
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Azmi Mohd-Lila
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
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8
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Bora M, Bora DP, Barman NN, Borah B, Bora PL, Talukdar A, Tamuly S. Isolation and molecular characterization of Orf virus from natural outbreaks in goats of Assam. Virusdisease 2015; 26:82-8. [PMID: 26436126 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of contagious ecthyma (caused by a Parapox virus) in goats were investigated in 6 districts of Assam, a north eastern state of India. Diagnosis of the disease was carried out employing both standard virological as well as molecular methods. Four representative isolates from different places were selected for phylogenetic analysis. The major envelop protein (B2L) of Orf virus was targeted for molecular analysis. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the selected sequences at nucleotide level revealed that the Orf virus isolates were closely related to each other (97.6-100 %) and showed highest similarity to the Orf virus isolate 82/04 (98.4 %), reported from Shahjahanpur, India. The data will provide an insight in transmission of the virus from northern to North eastern part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022 Assam India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022 Assam India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022 Assam India
| | - Biswajyoti Borah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022 Assam India
| | - Padma Lochan Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022 Assam India
| | - Archana Talukdar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Hygiene, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam India
| | - Shantanu Tamuly
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam India
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9
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Yang H, Meng Q, Qiao J, Peng Y, Xie K, Liu Y, Zhao H, Cai X, Chen C. Detection of genetic variations in Orf virus isolates epidemic in Xinjiang China. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:1273-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Qingling Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Yelong Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Kun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang China
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10
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Hosamani M, Scagliarini A, Bhanuprakash V, McInnes CJ, Singh RK. Orf: an update on current research and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 7:879-93. [PMID: 19735227 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Hosamani
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263138, Nainital Distt., India and Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore-24, India.
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11
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Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in Makhdoom, India. Virus Genes 2013; 48:312-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-1025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Oem JK, Chung JY, Kim YJ, Lee KK, Kim SH, Jung BY, Hyun BH. Isolation and characterization of orf viruses from Korean black goats. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:227-30. [PMID: 23814477 PMCID: PMC3694196 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five cases of orf virus infection in Korean black goats were diagnosed in our laboratory between 2010 and 2011. One orf virus (ORF/2011) was isolated from an ovine testis cell line (OA3.Ts) for use as a vaccine candidate. Sequences of the major envelope protein and orf virus interferon resistance genes were determined and compared with published reference sequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that orf viruses from Korean black goats were most closely related to an isolate (ORF/09/Korea) from dairy goats in Korea. This result indicates that the orf viruses might have been introduced from dairy goats into the Korean black goat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ku Oem
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-824, Korea
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13
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Wang G, Shang Y, Wang Y, Tian H, Liu X. Comparison of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification for orf virus with quantitative real-time PCR. Virol J 2013; 10:138. [PMID: 23634981 PMCID: PMC3651318 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orf virus (ORFV) causes orf (also known as contagious ecthyma or contagious papular dermatitis), a severe infectious skin disease in goats, sheep and other ruminants. Therefore, a rapid, highly specific and accurate method for the diagnosis of ORFV infections is essential to ensure that the appropriate treatments are administered and to reduce economic losses. Methods A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the identification of the F1L gene was developed for the specific detection of ORFV infections. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay were evaluated, and the effectiveness of this method was compared with that of real-time PCR. Results The sensitivity of this assay was determined to be 10 copies of a standard plasmid. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was found with either capripox virus or FMDV. The LAMP and real-time PCR assays were both able to detect intracutaneous- and cohabitation-infection samples, with a concordance of 97.83%. LAMP demonstrated a sensitivity of 89.13%. Conclusion The LAMP assay is a highly efficient and practical method for detecting ORFV infection. This LAMP method shows great potential for monitoring the prevalence of orf, and it could prove to be a powerful supplemental tool for current diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
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14
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Du H, Li W, Hao W, Liao X, Li M, Luo S. Taqman real-time PCR assay based on ORFV024 gene for rapid detection of orf infection. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013. [PMID: 23193989 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.753968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify orf virus (ORFV) DNA in infected cell culture and clinical samples. Primers and probes were designed to amplify an 87 bp fragment DNA based on the sequence of ORFV024 gene encoding an NF-κB inhibitor of orf virus. The assay was highly specific and sensitive for ORFV DNA and no cross-reactions were detected with any other poxviruses; the sensitivity was 5 fg or 15 copies of ORFV genomic DNA. Both intra- (1.490 ± 1.261%) and inter-assay (1.958 ± 0.568%) variabilities were within the acceptable range, indicating the high efficiency and reproducibility of the assay. Further, the assay has shown a relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100%, when compared to B2L gene-based semi-nested PCR. The assay is simple, rapid, specific and sensitive with a wide potential for rapid field diagnosis of orf in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
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15
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Li J, Song D, He W, Bao Y, Lu R, Su G, Wang G, Lu H, Zhao K, Gao F. Rapid detection of orf virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification based on the DNA polymerase gene. Arch Virol 2012. [PMID: 23183830 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
At present, there are no effective antiviral treatments available for contagious ecthyma, and rapid diagnosis is therefore critical for effective control of the disease. Recently, the invention of a novel LAMP technique that can rapidly amplify nucleic acids with high specificity and sensitivity under isothermal conditions has overcome some of the deficiencies of nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests and has made on-site diagnosis possible. To establish a flexible loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of orf virus, two pairs of primers, including outer primers F3/B3 and inner primers FIP/BIP, were designed to amplify the DNA polymerase gene. Optimal time and temperature conditions for LAMP were found to be 45 min and 62 °C, respectively. The LAMP assay was shown to be specific, with no cross-reactivity with sheeppox virus, goatpox virus, avian molluscum roup virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Additionally, the sensitivity of the LAMP method was similar to that of real-time PCR and demonstrated greater sensitivity than a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. To assess the utility of LAMP in the detection of orf virus in clinical samples, a total of 35 samples collected from orf virus-infected sheep and goats were tested using the optimized LAMP assay, real-time PCR, and conventional PCR. Of the samples, 26 were found to be positive by LAMP, and 25 (74.3 %) were positive by real-time PCR, whereas only 18 (51.4 %) were positive by conventional PCR. Our results have shown that the LAMP assay developed in this study can be used for the rapid detection of orf virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jida Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an road, Changchun, 130062, China
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16
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Identification and phylogenetic analysis of orf viruses isolated from outbreaks in goats of Assam, a northeastern state of India. Virus Genes 2012; 45:98-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Bora D, Venkatesan G, Bhanuprakash V, Balamurugan V, Prabhu M, Siva Sankar M, Yogisharadhya R. TaqMan real-time PCR assay based on DNA polymerase gene for rapid detection of Orf infection. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:249-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Comparative sequence analysis of poxvirus A32 gene encoded ATPase protein and carboxyl terminal heterogeneity of Indian orf viruses. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:72-80. [PMID: 22074858 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen orf virus (ORFV) isolates from natural outbreaks in sheep and goats belonging to different geographical regions of India were analysed on the basis of ORF108 (a homologue of poxviral A32 gene), which is known to encode for ATPase and involved in virion DNA packaging. Comparative sequence analysis of ATPase proteins revealed highly conserved N-terminal region with five different motifs [Walker A, Walker B, A32L specific motifs (III and IV) and a novel AYDG (motif-V)] among all poxviruses and divergent carboxyl terminus with either single or double RGD sequences among all Indian ORFV isolates. A homology model and secondary structure predictions of N-terminal region of ORFV A32 revealed that most of the poxviruses including ORFV ATPase protein belong to a distinct clade of the HerA/FtsK super family of DNA packaging proteins. Despite differences in host cell specificity and poxvirus infections among animals, DNA packaging motor domain of poxviruses presumed to share remarkable similarities as indicated by the presence of conserved ATPase motifs in the present investigation. The study also indicated the circulation of heterogeneous strains of ORFV in India and possibilities of differentiation of ORFV strains based on C-terminal heterogeneity.
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19
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Nandi S, De UK, Chowdhury S. Current status of contagious ecthyma or orf disease in goat and sheep—A global perspective. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Lojkic I, Cac Z, Beck A, Bedekovic T, Cvetnic Z, Sostaric B. Phylogenetic analysis of Croatian orf viruses isolated from sheep and goats. Virol J 2010; 7:314. [PMID: 21073725 PMCID: PMC2989325 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototype of the parapoxvirus genus and it primarily causes contagious ecthyma in goats, sheep, and other ruminants worldwide. In this paper, we described the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the B2L gene of ORFV from two natural outbreaks: i) in autochthonous Croatian Cres-breed sheep and ii) on small family goat farm. RESULTS Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the ORFV B2L gene showed that the Cro-Cres-12446/09 and Cro-Goat-11727/10 were not clustered together. Cro-Cres-12446/09 shared the highest similarity with ORFV NZ2 from New Zealand, and Ena from Japan; Cro-Goat-11727/10 was closest to the HuB from China and Taiping and Hoping from Taiwan. CONCLUSION Distinct ORFV strains are circulating in Croatia. Although ORFV infections are found ubiquitously wherever sheep and goats are farmed in Croatia, this is the first information on genetic relatedness of any Croatian ORFV with other isolates around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lojkic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Functional expression of the recombinant ATPase of orf virus. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1701-5. [PMID: 20652336 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequence analysis has indicated that the A32L gene of orf virus can encode an ATPase (Chan et al. in Gene 432:44-53, 2009). In this work, we cloned the A32L gene into a prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant protein was expressed and purified. The antigenicity of recombinant ATPase was examined by immunoblotting, and its identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The ATP hydrolysis function of the purified recombinant protein was examined, and our results showed that it exhibited the ATPase activity. Similar to other viral ATPases, the ATPase of orf virus remained active in the presence of different divalent ions; nevertheless, unlike other viral ATPases, our recombinant ATPase exhibited similar enzymatic activity in reaction buffers of different pH.
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22
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Molecular and virological studies on contagious pustular dermatitis isolates from Egyptian sheep and goats. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:290-4. [PMID: 20304450 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus was clinically diagnosed from different field cases of sheep and goat in Hawamdia, Giza, Egypt during the summer 2006. Skin scabs were collected and used for virus isolation, electron microscopy, PCR and sequencing for confirmation, and differential diagnosis. The aetiological virus was fruitfully isolated on the chorio-allantoic membrane of SPF embryonated chicken eggs indicated by expressing the characteristic pock lesions of Poxviridae family. Electron microscopy examination exposed negatively stained oval-shape virus particles trait for members of the genus Parapoxvirus. A 392 bp fragment of the late transcription factor (VLTF-1) gene of orf virus was amplified by PCR from the DNA extracted from the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 99% identity with other orf virus strains reported worldwide. Selection and processing of clinical specimens and PCR assay applied in this endeavor, presented a reliable laboratory diagnostic tool for orf infections and first molecular characterization of Egyptian orf isolates.
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23
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Oem JK, Roh IS, Lee KH, Lee KK, Kim HR, Jean YH, Lee OS. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of Korean orf virus from dairy goats: case report. Virol J 2009; 6:167. [PMID: 19835585 PMCID: PMC2770494 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of orf virus infection in dairy goats in Korea was investigated. Suspected samples of the skin and lip of affected goats were sent to the laboratory for more exact diagnosis. Orf virus was detected by electron microscopy and viral DNA was identified by PCR. To reveal the genetic characteristics of the Korean strain (ORF/09/Korea), the sequences of the major envelope protein (B2L) and orf virus interferon resistance (VIR) genes were determined and then compared with published reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ORF/09/Korea strain was closest to the isolates (Taiping) from Taiwan. This is believed to be the first report on the molecular characterization of orf virus in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ku Oem
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Tsai SM, Chan KW, Hsu WL, Chang TJ, Wong ML, Wang CY. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of orf virus. J Virol Methods 2009; 157:200-4. [PMID: 19186192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using six primers targeting a highly conserved region of the B2L gene has been developed to diagnose orf virus. The assay produces a ladder-like pattern of products on an agarose gel that can be specifically digested with BsrGI enzyme. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay, which was determined to be a single copy of the standard plasmid, was 100 fold and 10 fold higher than PCR and nested PCR, respectively; furthermore, no cross-reactivity was founded with the other tested viruses. By staining the products directly in the tube with PicoGreen or ethidium bromide, the products can be visualized with a similar sensitivity as by gel electrophoresis. Clinical samples were tested using PCR, nested PCR and LAMP assay and the positive rates were 60%, 70% and 70%, respectively. The LAMP assay allows easy, rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of infection with orf virus and is especially applicable in a resource-limited situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ming Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Chan KW, Yang CH, Lin JW, Wang HC, Lin FY, Kuo ST, Wong ML, Hsu WL. Phylogenetic analysis of parapoxviruses and the C-terminal heterogeneity of viral ATPase proteins. Gene 2008; 432:44-53. [PMID: 19061942 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two outbreaks of orf virus (a parapoxvirus) infection in goats found in Nantou and Taiping of central Taiwan were investigated. The nucleotide and the amino acid sequences of viral B2L, E3L and A32L genes in these two outbreaks were analyzed, and each of their phylogenetic trees were also constructed. In the A32L gene, an unexpected deletion of 24 nucleotides was found in the Taiping strain. The A32L gene can encode an ATPase and is supposed to be involved in virion DNA packaging. The 24 nucleotides correspond to 8 amino acids residues of the viral ATPase, which are located near the C-terminal region of the enzyme. Moreover, two copies of the RGD sequence at C-terminal region of ATPase were found in the Nantou strain. The 24-nucleotide difference in the A32L gene indicated that the Nantou strain and the Taiping strain were two separate strains, and it can be used in differential molecular diagnosis. Moreover, the C-terminal heterogeneity was found to be a general feature of the viral ATPase. Lastly, similar functional motifs of the ATPase and the Ras proto-oncoprotein (a GTPase) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Chan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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26
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Chan KW, Lin JW, Lee SH, Liao CJ, Tsai MC, Hsu WL, Wong ML, Shih HC. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus from goats in Taiwan. Virus Genes 2007; 35:705-12. [PMID: 17682935 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-007-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of contagious ecthyma in goats in central Taiwan was investigated. The disease was diagnosed by physical and histopathologic examinations, and the etiology of the disease was identified as orf virus by electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence of major envelope protein (B2L) gene. The entire protein-coding region of B2L gene were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of B2L amino acid sequences showed that the orf virus identified in this outbreak was closer to the Indian ORFV-Mukteswar 59/05 isolate. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of orf virus in Taiwan.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Disease Outbreaks
- Ecthyma, Contagious/epidemiology
- Ecthyma, Contagious/pathology
- Ecthyma, Contagious/physiopathology
- Ecthyma, Contagious/virology
- Goats
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Orf virus/genetics
- Orf virus/isolation & purification
- Orf virus/ultrastructure
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Taiwan/epidemiology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Virion/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Chan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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27
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Hosamani M, Yadav S, Kallesh DJ, Mondal B, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Isolation and Characterization of an Indian Orf Virus from Goats. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:204-8. [PMID: 17542963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and characterization of an orf virus has been described here. The virus was isolated from an outbreak of 'scabby mouth' in goats in Northern India. Viral morphology from the scab biopsy revealed typical ovoid-shaped particles characteristic of Parapoxvirus. Virus was isolated from sonicated scab suspension and characterized by restriction enzyme (RE) analysis and sequencing of full-length GM-CSF- and interleukin-2 inhibitory factor (GIF) gene. RE pattern of the virus did not show close resemblance to most of the orf viruses published earlier. However, it showed high sequence identity and closer phylogenetic relationship with previously published ORFV-SA00 strain, as evident from the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of GIF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hosamani
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital 263 138, Uttaranchal, India.
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28
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Xi D, Lan L, Wang J, Xu W, Xiang B, Lin H. Variation analysis of two cucumber mosaic viruses and their associated satellite RNAs from sugar beet in China. Virus Genes 2007; 33:293-8. [PMID: 16991000 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-006-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates XJ1 and XJ2 were obtained from sugar beet showing yellow mosaic symptom in Shihezi, Xinjiang Uigur municipality of China. The coat protein gene of the two CMV isolates and their associated satellite RNAs were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of CP gene sequences showed that XJ1 and XJ2 have the highest sequence identity with that of CMV-Danshen (97.8%) and CMV-SD (98.7%), respectively. Two types of satellite RNAs (XJs1 and XJs2) were found to be associated with the two CMV isolates consisting of 384 nucleotides and 336 nucleotides, respectively. Sequence comparisons revealed that XJs1 and XJs2 were most closely related to CS2-sat and CS1-sat, respectively, with 98.9% and 98.5% nucleotide sequence identity. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of coat protein gene revealed that XJ1 and XJ2 belong to subgroup IB but there exist some variation between them. Parallel analyses of nucleotide sequence of XJsl and XJs2 suggested that these two satellite RNAs probably originated from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Xi
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-envirorment, Ministry of Education, College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu , 610064, China
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Hosamani M, Bhanuprakash V, Scagliarini A, Singh RK. Comparative sequence analysis of major envelope protein gene (B2L) of Indian orf viruses isolated from sheep and goats. Vet Microbiol 2006; 116:317-24. [PMID: 16777357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), the type species of Parapoxvirus, is responsible for contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats. In the present report, sequence analysis of major envelope gene (B2L) of four Indian orf virus isolates originating two each from sheep and goats was carried out. These recent isolates belonged to different outbreaks that occurred in Kumaon hills and adjoining plains during 2004-2005. Preliminary screening of the scab samples was carried out by diagnostic PCR. Full-length B2L gene encoding for immunogenic major envelope protein from all the four ORFV isolates was amplified by PCR and the amplicons (1206 bp) were cloned and sequenced. Comparative sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1137 nucleotides (nt) encoding a polypeptide of 378 amino acids (aa). Indian isolates were highly related amongst themselves with sequence identity of over 97% at the nt and aa level. Further, they showed 97-98% sequence identity with sequences of other ORFV isolates from around the world; while 94-95 and 82.7-83.8% sequence identity was observed, respectively, with pseudocowpox and bovine papular stomatitis viruses--the other members of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that these Parapoxviruses from sheep and goats are closely related to other orf viruses reported worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Hosamani
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Mukteswar, Nainital 263138, Uttaranchal, India.
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