1
|
Yang B, Liu S, Guo Y, Qu H, Feng Y, Wang Y, Dong B, Dong Y, Zhao S, Huang S, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma, urine and feces after a single intragastric administration in donkey (Equus asinus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:257-265. [PMID: 38598665 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Tilmicosin, a macrolide antibiotic, has the potential to treat bacterial infections in donkeys. However, the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in donkeys have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in donkey plasma, urine, and feces after a single intragastric administration to determine the suitability of tilmicosin for donkeys. A total of 5 healthy male donkeys with similar body weights were selected. The donkeys were administered a single dose of 10 mg · kg-1 body weight (BW) tilmicosin by gavage. The concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma, urine, and feces were determined. The results showed that after a single intragastric administration of 10 mg · kg-1 body weight, tilmicosin in donkey plasma reached a maximum concentration of 11.23 ± 5.37 mg · L-1 at 0.80 ± 0.10 h, with a half-life of 14.49 ± 7.13 h, a mean residence time of 28.05 ± 3.05 h, a Cl/F of 0.48 ± 0.18 L · kg-1 · h-1, and a Vd/F of 9.28 ± 2.63 Lkg-1. The percentage of tilmicosin excreted through the urine of donkeys is 2.47%, and the percentage excreted through the feces is 66.43%. Our study provides data to inform the use of tilmicosin in donkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Boying Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanjie Dong
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081021. [PMID: 36009890 PMCID: PMC9404793 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) is a highly contagious avian pathogen responsible for significant economic losses for the poultry industry. In some circumstances, antimicrobial treatment is useful to contain clinical signs of Mg infection in birds. However, antimicrobial resistance emergence is now common among animal pathogens, becoming a worldwide health concern. The collection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data is fundamental for an appropriate antimicrobial use and for fighting antimicrobial resistance emergence. However, MIC data can only be generated in specialized laboratories, and therefore they are not regularly available. MICs of 67 non-vaccine-derived Mg isolates collected in Italy between 2010 and 2020 were obtained. Although 79.1% of the Mg isolates showed enrofloxacin MICs ≥ 8 µg/mL, a statistically significant trend toward low MICs of erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, spiramycin, tiamulin, and lincomycin was observed, indicating a comeback to susceptibility of Mg toward these drugs. Doxycycline proved to be slightly more effective than oxytetracycline. The present study shows that Mg changed its susceptibility toward many of the drugs most commonly used for its containment over a ten-year period.
Collapse
|
3
|
A new drug-drug interaction-tilmicosin reduces the metabolism of enrofloxacin through CYP3A4. Res Vet Sci 2022; 148:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Zhang N, Ba J, Wang S, Xu Z, Wu F, Li Z, Deng H, Yang H. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of solid dispersion formulation of tilmicosin in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:359-366. [PMID: 33270918 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (TMS) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic restricted to veterinary use but is only partially soluble in aqueous solutions, which limits its administration in treatments. We developed a strategy to enhance the supersaturated solubility of TMS using amorphous solid dispersion (SD). The dissolution profile shown that the dissolution rate of TMS-SD was obviously faster than TMS. The pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin (TMS) and tilmicosin solid dispersion (TMS-SD) in pigs after oral administration at a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w were investigated. The tmax of TMS-SD (2.50 hr) was 1.80 times faster than TMS (4.50 hr) (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the other PK parameters (Cmax , t1/2β , V/F, CL/F, MRT, and AUC0-inf ) (p > .05). The mean relative bioavailability of TMS-SD compared with TMS was 140.39%, according to the AUC0-inf values. These results demonstrated that the solid dispersion technique enhanced the bioavailability of TMS and the new formulation administered to animals via drinking water may be used as a therapeutic alternative for clinical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Juan Ba
- Zhuhai Kerric Testing, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Ring Pai NanHua Veterinary hospital management, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigao Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Fuda Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhili Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garmyn A, Vereecken M, De Gussem K, Depondt W, Haesebrouck F, Martel A. Efficacy of Tylosin and Tilmicosin Against Experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in Chickens. Avian Dis 2020; 63:359-365. [PMID: 31251538 DOI: 10.1637/11991-110818-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum, the cause of chronic respiratory disease, remains one of the most important pathogens in the poultry industry. Controlling the impact of this disease is done by eradication of positive breeder flocks or by vaccination and medication. Tylosin and tilmicosin are often used in medication programs. However, recent data on the in vivo efficacy of these macrolide antibiotics are scarce. Therefore, two dose titration studies were conducted using a recently isolated M. gallisepticum strain belonging to the wild-type population with regard to its tilmicosin and tylosin minimal inhibitory concentration. In a first trial, broilers were infected with M. gallisepticum and treated with 10 or 20 mg tilmicosin/kg body weight (BW) in the drinking water for five successive days. In a second trial, broilers were infected with M. gallisepticum and treated with 35 or 100 mg tylosin/ kg BW in the drinking water for five successive days. Clinical scoring of respiratory signs, macroscopic scoring of respiratory tract lesions, M. gallisepticum isolation from the respiratory organs, weight gain, and mortality were monitored for efficacy evaluation. All tylosin and tilmicosin treatments significantly reduced the course of clinical respiratory disease, macroscopic lesions in the respiratory organs, and M. gallisepticum numbers in the respiratory tract and obtained higher weight gains compared with the Mycoplasma-infected untreated control group. A treatment of 100 mg tylosin/kg daily for 5 days was not more clinically efficacious than the dosage of 35 mg tylosin/kg daily for 5 days. At final necropsy, in animals treated with 20 mg/kg BW tilmicosin, significantly fewer respiratory tract lesions were present than in the animals treated with 10 mg/kg BW tilmicosin. Therefore, when tilmicosin is used to treat clinical outbreaks of M. gallisepticum in broilers, a dosing scheme of 20 mg tilmicosin/kg BW for five successive days seems to be the most recommended scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Garmyn
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium,
| | - M Vereecken
- Huvepharma NV, Uitbreidingstraat 80, B2600 Berchem, Belgium
| | - K De Gussem
- Huvepharma NV, Uitbreidingstraat 80, B2600 Berchem, Belgium
| | - W Depondt
- Huvepharma NV, Uitbreidingstraat 80, B2600 Berchem, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji X, Yang H, Wang J, Zhou W, Wang X, Qian M. Evaluation of Tilmicosin Contamination in Eggs Following Its Administration to Laying Hens and Subsequent Assessment of Dietary Risks to Chinese Consumers. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3054-3062. [PMID: 31524951 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the tilmicosin residues in eggs as well as the dietary risks posed by the residual drug to Chinese consumers. Tilmicosin was administrated to laying hens via drinking water in doses of 100 mg/L and 300 mg/L (dose 1 and dose 2) for 5 days. Its residues distribution within egg matrices were detected using a QuEChERS method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that the tilmicosin residue was the highest in the whole eggs and yolks on day 2 after medication and in the whites on day 5 of drug administration for dose 1 and dose 2 with the residues (µg/kg) being the following: 73.4 and 444.3 in the whole eggs; 152.0 and 1141.1 in the yolks; and 48.8 and 277.6 in the whites, respectively. During withdrawal phase, the tilmicosin levels declined to less than the limit of detection (LOD) after 29 days and 49 days for the whole eggs, after 24 days and 44 days for the yolks, and after 19 days and 49 days for the whites for doses 1 and 2, respectively. An assessment of the dietary risk for Chinese consumers revealed that the hazard quotients (HQ) values for tilmicosin consumption were less than 1 for dose 1 and greater than 1 for dose 2, with children (2 to 7 years) and adult males (over 65 years) being the high-risk groups. These results suggest that the possible risk associated with tilmicosin contamination in eggs should not be ignored since the accidental or occasional misuse of tilmicosin in the case of egg-laying hens may occur from time to time, particularly on small farms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The modified QuEChERS method was used to analyze the tilmicosin residues in egg matrices and a subsequent dietary exposure assessment for Chinese consumers was performed, which can serve as a reference for the food safety risk posed by antibiotic misuse in egg layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ji
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Author Zhou is with Animal Products Quality Testing Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311199, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiong J, Zhu Q, Yang S, Zhao Y, Cui L, Zhuang F, Qiu Y, Cao J. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in healthy pigs and pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. N Z Vet J 2019; 67:257-263. [PMID: 31208293 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1633434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of tilmicosin, administered orally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight, in healthy pigs and in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Methods: Twelve healthy crossbred pigs, aged approximately 8 weeks, were randomly assigned to uninfected and infected groups, with six pigs per group. Pigs in the infected group were inoculated intranasally with a bacterial suspension of A. pleuropneumoniae containing approximately 108 cfu. Each pig received a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight of tilmicosin, given 3-4 hours after inoculation in infected pigs. Blood samples were collected before drug administration and up to 48 hours after tilmicosin administration. Concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma samples were determined by HPLC. Throughout the experimental period pigs were observed for signs of inappetence and clinical abnormalities. After sampling was complete pigs were subject to euthanasia and samples collected for gross and histopathology as well as microbiology. Results: Infected pigs showed signs of bradykinesia, nasal discharge dyspnoea, and coughing 1 hours after inoculation and A. pleuropneumoniae was cultured from the lungs of all infected pigs postmortem. Comparing pharmacokinetic parameters in uninfected and infected pigs, the maximum plasma concentration of tilmicosin was higher in uninfected pigs (1.17 (SD 0.17) vs. 0.96 (SD 0.17) µg/mL), the time to reach maximum concentration was shorter (1.53 (SD 0.23) vs. 2.40 (SD 0.37) hours), and the half-life of the absorption phase and half-life of the elimination phase were both shorter (0.66 (SD 0.08) vs. 1.00 (SD 0.27) hours) and (12.93 (SD 0.96) vs. 16.53 (SD 0.55) hours), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was smaller in uninfected than infected pigs (1.91 (SD 0.22) vs. 2.16 (SD 0.21) L/kg). The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin in infected relative to uninfected pigs was 108.6 (SD 9.71)%. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The results of this study indicate that A. pleuropneumoniae infection significantly changed certain pharmacokinetic parameters of tilmicosin in pigs. In infected pigs tilmicosin exhibited a longer drug persistence and a better extent of absorption. These results indicate that it is necessary to monitor and adjust the dose of tilmicosin administration during the presence of pleuropneumonia. It is expected that this can optimise clinical efficacy and help avoid the development of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xiong
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhu
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - S Yang
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - L Cui
- b Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - F Zhuang
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qiu
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - J Cao
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Z, Wu Y, Zhou Z, Xia X, Gu X, Cai Q, Shen X, Yang H, Ding H. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Integration and Resistance Analysis of Tilmicosin Against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in an In Vitro Dynamic Model. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:670. [PMID: 31293418 PMCID: PMC6598723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the major pathogen causing chronic respiratory disease in chickens. In the present study, we successfully established a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption to determine the relationship between tilmicosin pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices and M. gallisepticum in in vitro. The aim was to simulate the PK/PD of tilmicosin against M. gallisepticum in lung tissues. The results of static time-killing curves at constant drug concentrations [0–64 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] showed that the amount of M. gallisepticum was reduced to the limit of detection after 36 h when the drug concentration exceeded 1 MIC, with a maximum kill rate of 0.53 h-1. In dynamic time-killing studies, tilmicosin produced a maximum antimycoplasmal effect of 6.38 Log10 CFU/ml reduction over 120 h. The area under the concentration–time curve over 24 h divided by the MIC (AUC24h/MIC) was the best PK/PD parameter to predict the antimicrobial activity of tilmicosin against M. gallisepticum [R2 = 0.87, compared with 0.49 for the cumulative time that the concentration exceeds the MIC (%T > MIC)]. Therefore, tilmicosin showed concentration-dependent activity. Seven M. gallisepticum strains (M1–M7) with decreased susceptibility to tilmicosin were isolated from seven dose groups. These strains of M. gallisepticum had acquired resistance to erythromycin as well as to tylosin. However, no change in susceptibility to amikacin and doxycycline was observed in these strains. Gene mutation analysis was performed on the basis of annotated single nucleotide polymorphisms using the genome of strain S6 as the reference. For strain M5, a G495T mutation occurred in domain II of the 23S rrnA gene. In strain M3, resistance was associated with a T854A mutation in domain II of the 23S rrnB gene and a G2799A mutation in domain V of 23S rrnB. To the best of our knowledge, these tilmicosin resistance-associated mutations in M. gallisepticum have not been reported. In conclusion, tilmicosin shows excellent effectiveness and concentration-dependent characteristics against M. gallisepticum strain S6 in vitro. Additionally, these results will be used to provide a reference to design the optimal dosage regimen for tilmicosin in M. gallisepticum infection and to minimize the emergence of resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhi Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zichong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xirui Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinren Cai
- Technical Center for Inspection and Quarantine, Zhuhai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiong J, Zhu Q, Zhao Y, Yang S, Cao J, Qiu Y. Tilmicosin enteric granules and premix to pigs: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and comparative pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:336-345. [PMID: 30801755 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two-period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC90 of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax ), elimination half-life (t1/2β ), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (VF ) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC0-t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaike Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang M, Li E, Su Y, Zhang Y, Xie J, He L. Quick Multi-Class Determination of Residues of Antimicrobial Veterinary Drugs in Animal Muscle by LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071736. [PMID: 30012996 PMCID: PMC6099539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the highly sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique, a generic extraction solvent and a sample dilution method was developed for the residue analysis of different polar veterinary drugs known as fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides, and tiamulin in chicken muscle. The results showed that the matrix-matched calibration curves of all 10 compounds were in an effective linear relationship (r² ≥ 0.997) in the range of 0.2⁻100 μg L-1. At three spiking levels of 2 (5), 50, and 100 μg kg-1, average recoveries of analytes were between 67.1% and 96.6% with relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day below 20%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of the method were in the range of 0.3⁻2.0 μg kg-1 and 2.0⁻5.0 μg kg-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than their maximum residue limits. In addition, the intensity of the target analytes and its corresponding matrix effects were obviously related to the sample dilution times (matrix concentration). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the average content of almost any of the analytes in medicated chickens between this method and the method in the literature for determining analytes. Lastly, the proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of 10 common veterinary drugs in food animal muscle tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Erfen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yijuan Su
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jingmeng Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Limin He
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang M, Li E, Su Y, Song X, Xie J, Zhang Y, He L. Freeze-thaw approach: A practical sample preparation strategy for residue analysis of multi-class veterinary drugs in chicken muscle. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2461-2472. [PMID: 29573149 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Seven drugs from different classes, namely, fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sarafloxacin), sulfonamides (sulfadimidine, sulfamonomethoxine), and macrolides (tilmicosin, tylosin), were used as test compounds in chickens by oral administration, a simple extraction step after cryogenic freezing might allow the effective extraction of multi-class veterinary drug residues from minced chicken muscles by mix vortexing. On basis of the optimized freeze-thaw approach, a convenient, selective, and reproducible liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. At three spiking levels in blank chicken and medicated chicken muscles, average recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 71-106 and 63-119%, respectively. All the relative standard deviations were <20%. The limits of quantification of analytes were 0.2-5.0 ng/g. Regardless of the chicken levels, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the average contents of almost any of the analytes in medicated chickens between this method and specific methods in the literature for the determination of specific analytes. Finally, the developed method was successfully extended to the monitoring of residues of 55 common veterinary drugs in food animal muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Erfen Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yijuan Su
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xuqin Song
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jingmeng Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Limin He
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Watteyn A, Croubels S, De Baere S, De Backer P, Devreese M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in turkey plasma, lung tissue, and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid after single oral bolus or continuous administration in the drinking water. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1134-1140. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
13
|
Determination of the Mutant Selection Window and Evaluation of the Killing of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by Danofloxacin, Doxycycline, Tilmicosin, Tylvalosin and Valnemulin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169134. [PMID: 28052123 PMCID: PMC5215565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a common etiological cause of a chronic respiratory disease in chickens; its increasing antimicrobial resistance compromises the use of tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones in the farm environment. Mutant selection window (MSW) determination was used to investigate the propensity for future resistance induction by danofloxacin, doxycycline, tilmicosin, tylvalosin and valnemulin. Killing of M. gallisepticum strain S6 by these antimicrobials was also studied by incubating M. gallisepticum into medium containing the compounds at the minimal concentration that inhibits colony formation by 99% (MIC99) and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC). Based on the morphology and colony numbers of M. gallisepticum on agar plates, the four kinds of sera in the order of the applicability for culturing M. gallisepticum were swine serum > horse serum > bovine serum > mixed serum. The MPC/MIC99 values for each agent were as follows: danofloxacin > tilmicosin > tylvalosin > doxycycline > valnemulin. MPC generated more rapid and greater magnitude killing than MIC99 against M. gallisepticum. Under exposure of 105–109 CFU/mL at MPC drug levels, valnemulin had the slowest rate of reduction in viable organisms and danofloxacin had the highest rate of reduction.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li B, Gong SY, Zhou XZ, Yang YJ, Li JY, Wei XJ, Cheng FS, Niu JR, Liu XW, Zhang JY. Determination of antibacterial agent tilmicosin in pig plasma by LC/MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Shi-Yue Gong
- China Agricultural Vet. (Tianjin) Biological Medicine Co. Ltd; Tianjin China
| | - Xu-Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Fu-Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Jian-Rong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development; Ministry of Agriculture; Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Lanzhou China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS; Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang P, Hao H, Li J, Ahmad I, Cheng G, Chen D, Tao Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Dai M, Liu Z, Yuan Z. The Epidemiologic and Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values of Tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:385. [PMID: 27047487 PMCID: PMC4802331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints for tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, which is an important pathogen of respiratory tract infections. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 103 H. parasuis isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. The wild type (WT) distribution and epidemiologic cutoff value (ECV) were evaluated by statistical analysis. The new bronchoaveolar lavage was used to establish intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic (PK) model in swine. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of tilmicosin, both in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and in plasma, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography method and WinNonlin software. The pharmacodynamic cutoff (COPD) was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Our results showed that 100% of WT isolates were covered when the ECV was set at 16 μg/mL. The tilmicosin had concentration-dependent activity against H. parasuis. The PK data indicated that tilmicosin concentrations in PELF was rapidly increased to high levels at 4 h and kept stable until 48 h after drug administration, while the tilmicosin concentration in plasma reached maximum levels at 4 h and continued to decrease during 4–72 h. Using Monte Carlo simulation, COPD was defined as 1 μg/mL. Conclusively, the ECV and COPD of tilmicosin against H. parasuis were established for the first time based on the MIC distribution and PK-PD analysis in the target tissue, respectively. These values are of great importance for detection of tilmicosin-resistant H. parasuis and for effective treatment of clinical intrapulmonary infection caused by H. parasuis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The use of antimicrobial agents in broiler chickens. Vet J 2015; 205:21-7. [PMID: 25981931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term 'judicious use' of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. This article reviews the anatomical-physiological features of poultry relating to drug disposition as well as the pharmacological and therapeutic characteristics of the most commonly used antimicrobials in broiler chickens. Doses frequently employed for flock treatment are presented as are accepted withdrawal times.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ibrahim AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Modulating Effects of Spirulina platensis against Tilmicosin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:137-44. [PMID: 25870843 PMCID: PMC4393661 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Tilmicosin (TIL) is a long-acting macrolide antibiotic used to treat cattle for
pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease. However, overdoses of this medication
have been reported to induce cardiac damage. Our experimental objective was to evaluate the protective effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) administration against TIL-induced
cardiotoxicity in mice.
Materials and Methods Our experimental in vivo animal study used 40 male albino mice
that were divided into five groups of eight mice per group. The first group served as a control
group and was injected with saline. The second group received SP at dose of 1000 mg/kg
body weight for five days. The third group received a single dose of TIL (75 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Groups 4 and 5 were given SP at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight for five
consecutive days just before administration of TIL at the same dose and regimen used for
group 3.
Results TIL treated animals showed a significant increase in serum cardiac injury biomarkers as well as cardiac lipid peroxidation, however they had evidence of an inhibition in antioxidant biomarkers. SP normalized elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
creatine kinase (CK), and CK-MB. Furthermore, SP reduced TIL-induced lipid peroxidation
and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion Administration of SP minimized the toxic effects of TIL by its free radicalscavenging and potent antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz E Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abdel-Daim MM, Ghazy EW, Fayez M. Synergistic protective role of mirazid (Commiphora molmol) and ascorbic acid against tilmicosin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:45-51. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (TIL) is a long-acting macrolide antibiotic approved for the treatment of cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease. However, overdose of TIL has been reported to induce cardiotoxicity. The purpose of our experiment was to evaluate the protective effects of Commiphora molmol (mirazid (MRZ); myrrh) and (or) ascorbic acid (AA) against TIL-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. MRZ and AA were orally administered using stomach gavage, either alone or in combination for 5 consecutive days, followed with a single TIL overdose. TIL overdose induced a significant increase in serum levels of cardiac damage biomarkers (AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB, and cTnT), as well as cardiac lipid peroxidation, but cardiac levels of antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAC) were decreased. Both MRZ and AA tended to normalize the elevated serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers. Furthermore, MRZ and AA reduced TIL-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters. MRZ and AA combined produced a synergistic cardioprotective effect. We conclude that myrrh and (or) vitamin C administration minimizes the toxic effects of TIL through their free-radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Emad W. Ghazy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Fayez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Milk and blood pharmacokinetics of tylosin and tilmicosin following parenteral administrations to cows. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:869096. [PMID: 25177733 PMCID: PMC4142165 DOI: 10.1155/2014/869096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetics of tylosin and tilmicosin in serum and milk in healthy Holstein breed cows (n = 12) and reevaluate the amount of residue in milk. Following the intramuscular administration of tylosin, the maximum concentrations (Cmax) in serum and milk were found to be 1.30 ± 0.24 and 4.55 ± 0.23 µg/mL, the time required to reach the peak concentration (tmax) was found to be 2nd and 4th h, and elimination half-lives (t1/2β) were found to be 20.46 ± 2.08 and 26.36 ± 5.55 h, respectively. Following the subcutaneous administration of tilmicosin, the Cmax in serum and milk were found to be 0.86 ± 0.20 and 20.16 ± 1.13 µg/mL, the tmax was found to be 1st and 8th h, and the t1/2β were found to be 29.94 ± 6.65 and 43.02 ± 5.18 h, respectively. AUCmilk/AUCserum and Cmax-milk/Cmax-serum rates, which are indicators for determining the rate of drugs that pass into milk, were, respectively, calculated as 5.01 ± 0.72 and 3.61 ± 0.69 for tylosin and 23.91 ± 6.38 and 20.16 ± 1.13 for tilmicosin. In conclusion, it may be stated that milk concentration of tylosin after parenteral administration is higher than expected like tilmicosin and needs more withdrawal period for milk than reported.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tissue residues, hematological and biochemical effects of tilmicosin in broiler chicken. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:502872. [PMID: 24808972 PMCID: PMC3998004 DOI: 10.1155/2014/502872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the blood and tissue concentrations profile and effect of tilmicosin on some hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. Fifty clinically healthy Hubbard chickens were orally administered 25 mg/kg BW of tilmicosin once daily for 5 consecutive days. Tissue residues of tilmicosin in slaughtered healthy chicken could not be detected by microbiological assay in all tested tissues except in lung (at 96 hours) and liver and kidneys (at 72 hours) after last administration. Tilmicosin caused temporary decrease in the RBCs and WBCs counts and has no effect on hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume concentration (PCV). Also, the effect of tilmicosin on some biochemical parameters was as follows: the concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium), glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, and HDL-cholesterol in the serum of treated chicken did not change in response to the repeated oral administration of tilmicosin. There were only a temporary significant decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations and a significant increase in cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Chicken must not be slaughtered before 4 days from the stopping of tilmicosin administration. Tilmicosin makes temporary changes on hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken.
Collapse
|
21
|
Watteyn A, Plessers E, Wyns H, De Baere S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1516-22. [PMID: 23687147 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamithromycin is a new macrolide antibiotic that is only registered for use in cattle to treat respiratory disorders such as bovine respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin in broiler chickens. Gamithromycin (6 mg/kg of BW) was injected intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) to six 4-wk-old chickens in a parallel study design, and blood was collected at different time points postadministration. Quantification of gamithromycin in plasma was performed using an in-house validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method and the pharmacokinetics analyzed according to a 2-compartmental model. Following IV administration, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0→∞), and α and β half-life of elimination (t1/2el α and t1/2el β) were 3,998 h•ng/mL, 0.90 h, and 14.12 h, respectively. Similar values were obtained after a SC bolus injection, i.e., 4,095 h•ng/mL, 0.34 h, and 11.63 h, for AUC0→∞, t1/2el α, and t1/2el β, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentration (889.46 ng/mL) appeared at 0.13 h. Gamithromycin showed a large volume of distribution after IV as well as SC administration, 27.08 and 20.89 L/kg, respectively, and a total body clearance of 1.61 and 1.77 L/h•kg, respectively. The absolute bioavailability was 102.4%, showing that there is a complete absorption of gamithromycin after a SC bolus injection of 6 mg/kg of BW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Watteyn
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goetting V, Lee KA, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:521-56. [PMID: 21679196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poultry treated with pharmaceutical products can produce eggs contaminated with drug residues. Such residues could pose a risk to consumer health. The following is a review of the information available in the literature regarding drug pharmacokinetics in laying hens, and the deposition of drugs into eggs of poultry species, primarily chickens. The available data suggest that, when administered to laying hens, a wide variety of drugs leave detectable residues in eggs laid days to weeks after the cessation of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Goetting
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
GRABOWSKI T, JAROSZEWSKI JJ. Bioavailability of veterinary drugsin vivoandin silico. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:249-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
FRICKE JA, CLARK CR, BOISON JO, CHIRINO-TREJO M, INGLIS TES, DOWLING PM. Pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion of tilmicosin in turkeys. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008; 31:591-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|