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Boudebbouz A, Boudalia S, Bousbia A, Gueroui Y, Boussadia MI, Chelaghmia ML, Zebsa R, Affoune AM, Symeon GK. Determination of Heavy Metal Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Raw Cow Milk in Guelma Region, Algeria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1704-1716. [PMID: 35666385 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the recent decades, adverse effects of unexpected contaminants, such as heavy metals on raw cow milk quality, have threatened human health. The objective of this study was to determine heavy metal levels in raw milk collected from autochthonous bovine breeds in the eastern region of Algeria. Eighty-eight pooled milk samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry for Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Zn, and dietary risks were estimated for infants, children, and adults with minimum, average, and maximum milk consumption scenarios. Results revealed that Pb (0.94 ± 0.49 mg/kg), Cd (0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and Cu (0.14 ± 0.08 mg/kg) levels in all analyzed samples were higher than their corresponding maximum residue levels (MRLs). The task hazard quotient (THQ) values suggest potential risk for infants in the three scenarios from Pb, Cd, and Cr; for children in the three scenarios from Pb and in the high scenario from Cr; and for adults in the medium and high scenarios from Pb. The hazard index (HI) values were higher than 1, and the contributions of each metal to the overall HI followed a descending order of Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Fe with values of 68.19%, 15.39%, 6.91%, 4.94%, 3.42%, 0.88%, and 0.28%, respectively. Our results indicated that there may be a potential risk of heavy metals, especially Pb, for infants through raw cow milk consumption. Moreover, data actualization and continuous monitoring are necessary and recommended to evaluate heavy metal effects in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Boudebbouz
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau Et Environnement, Département d'Écologie Et Génie de L'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - Sofiane Boudalia
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau Et Environnement, Département d'Écologie Et Génie de L'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie.
| | - Aissam Bousbia
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau Et Environnement, Département d'Écologie Et Génie de L'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - Yassine Gueroui
- Département de Biologie, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - Meriem Imen Boussadia
- Département de Biologie, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - Mohamed Lyamine Chelaghmia
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles Et Génie Des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - Rabah Zebsa
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau Et Environnement, Département d'Écologie Et Génie de L'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - Abed Mohamed Affoune
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles Et Génie Des Matériaux, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma, 24000, Algérie
| | - George K Symeon
- Research Institute of Animal Science, HAO-Demeter, 58100, Giannitsa, GR, Greece
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Schaefer HR, Flannery BM, Crosby L, Jones-Dominic OE, Punzalan C, Middleton K. A systematic review of adverse health effects associated with oral cadmium exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 134:105243. [PMID: 35981600 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data characterizing the adverse health effects associated with dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure were identified in order to make informed decisions about the most appropriate toxicological reference value (TRV) for use in assessing dietary Cd exposure. Several TRVs are available for Cd and regulatory organizations have used epidemiologic studies to derive these reference values; however, risk of bias (RoB) evaluations were not included in the assessments. We performed a systematic review by conducting a thorough literature search (through January 4, 2020). There were 1714 references identified by the search strings and 328 studies identified in regulatory assessments. After applying the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 208 studies (Human: 105, Animal: 103) were considered eligible for further review and data extraction. For the epidemiologic and animal studies, the critical effects identified for oral Cd exposure from the eligible studies were a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and renal tubular degeneration. A RoB analysis was completed for 49 studies (30 epidemiological and 19 animal) investigating these endpoints. The studies identified through the SR that were considered high quality and low RoB (2 human and 5 animal) can be used to characterize dose-response relationships and inform the derivation of a Cd TRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Schaefer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Brenna M Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia E Jones-Dominic
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cecile Punzalan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karlyn Middleton
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
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Huang R, Ding L, Ye Y, Wang K, Yu W, Yan B, Liu Z, Wang J. Protective effect of quercetin on cadmium-induced renal apoptosis through cyt-c/caspase-9/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990993. [PMID: 36052148 PMCID: PMC9425064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, has harmful effects on animal and human health, and it can also obviously induce cell apoptosis. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant and other biological activities. To investigate the protective effect of Que on Cd-induced renal apoptosis in rats. 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. They were treated as follows: control group was administered orally with normal saline (10 ml/kg); Cd group was injected with 2 mg/kg CdCl2 intraperitoneally; Cd + Que group was injected with 2 mg/kg CdCl2 and intragastric administration of Que (100 mg/kg); Que group was administered orally with Que (100 mg/kg). The experimental results showed that the body weight of Cd-exposed rats significantly decreased and the kidney coefficient increased. In addition, Cd significantly increased the contents of Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine and Uric acid. Cd also increased the glutathione and malondialdehyde contents in renal tissues. The pathological section showed that Cd can cause pathological damages such as narrow lumen and renal interstitial congestion. Cd-induced apoptosis of kidney, which could activate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were significantly increased. Conversely, Que significantly reduces kidney damage caused by Cd. Kidney pathological damage was alleviated by Que. Que inhibited Cd-induced apoptosis and decreased Cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 proteins and mRNA expression levels. To sum up, Cd can induce kidney injury and apoptosis of renal cells, while Que can reduce Cd-induced kidney damage by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. These results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Que in the prevention and treatment of cadmium poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lulu Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ying Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bingzhao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jicang Wang,
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A multiannual survey of cadmium content in pig tissues collected in the Czech Republic during the years 2015–2019. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202089040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of cadmium content in the muscle, liver and kidneys of fattening pigs and sows was conducted in the Czech Republic during the period of 2015–2019. The samples were collected from a total of 32 sows and 210 fattening pigs. The mean cadmium content in the livers and kidneys of all sows was 0.102 ± 0.010 and 0.361 ± 0.032 mg·kg-1, respectively. The mean cadmium content in the livers and kidneys of all fattening pigs was 0.028 ± 0.001 and 0.141 ± 0.005 mg·kg-1, respectively. The maximum residual limit for human consumption was not exceeded in any sample. The cadmium content in the liver did not differ significantly between sows and fattening pigs in any particular year. In contrast, the cadmium content in kidneys differed significantly between sows and fattening pigs, being higher in sows (P < 0.05). No significant decreasing trend was observed for the cadmium content in tissues during the whole time period. It can be concluded that there is a need for further monitoring of the cadmium content in pig tissues in the Czech Republic.
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Wang J, Zhu H, Lin S, Wang K, Wang H, Liu Z. Protective effect of naringenin against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in male SD rats. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111310. [PMID: 33221601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of naringenin (Nar) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular toxicity. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 5 weeks were used. Rats were administered with 0.9% NaCl (control group), CdCl2 (2 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally), Nar (50 mg/kg b.w, orally), and CdCl2 + Nar (2 mg/kg b.w intraperitoneally and 50 mg/kg b.w. orally, respectively) for 4 weeks. Results showed that body weight, relative testis weights, and sperm quality decreased in the Cd-treated group, and Cd accumulated in serum and testes. Pathological examination showed that Cd can cause testicular damage. Cd decreased the serum concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. It also decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, exposure to Cd resulted in decreased content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) concentrations, as well as increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Cd also provoked testis autophagy by upregulating the expression of the autophagy-related proteins P62 and LC3 II. However, the combined administration of Nar and Cd significantly attenuated the Cd-induced negative effects by increasing the body weight, relative testis weights, and sperm quality and by decreasing testicular damage. Simultaneous supplementation of Nar and Cd markedly restored the decreased levels of GnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone, GSH, and T-AOC and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx caused by Cd treatment. Nar further suppressed MDA and H2O2 production and protected the testes from Cd-induced autophagy by downregulating P62 and LC3 II expression. Therefore, Nar protected the testes from Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China.
| | - Huali Zhu
- Law hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shu Lin
- Law hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12, East Wenhui Road, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
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Totan FE, Filazi A. Determination of some element levels in various kinds of cow's milk processed in different ways. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:112. [PMID: 31938971 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and aluminum (Al) in whole, semi-skimmed, skimmed, organic, fruit-flavored (strawberry, banana, and cocoa), pasteurized, and raw cows' milk. The samples were collected from sterilized and pasteurized milk processed in different ways in Ankara; the milk was kept in refrigerated raw milk storage tanks on dairy farms. Ninety samples were collected, and there were ten samples in each group. Analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lead and Cd were not found in any samples, while Zn was observed in all samples. The element with the highest frequency of occurrence was Zn, followed by Cr = As> Al > Se > Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb = Cd, in decreasing order. The lowest concentration among the essential elements was seen in Cu. Aluminum and As were found in 85% and 94.45% of the samples, respectively. However, the present concentrations were below the level of a probable negative effect. It was found that the concentrations of elements in milk showed statistically significant differences, depending on the milk type. It is recommended that low-quality materials not be used in the preparation of milk; the element concentrations in milk and the feed and water consumed by animals should be controlled regularly, and the animals should not be pastured near industrial and traffic sites to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Esra Totan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110-Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110-Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hoogenboom RL, Hattink J, van Polanen A, van Oostrom S, Verbunt JT, Traag WA, Kan KA, van Eijkeren JC, De Boeck G, Zeilmaker MJ. Carryover of cadmium from feed in growing pigs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:68-79. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.979370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bilandžić N, Đokić M, Sedak M, Solomun B, Varenina I, Knežević Z, Benić M. Trace element levels in raw milk from northern and southern regions of Croatia. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang G, Liu X, Sun K, Zhao Y, Lin C. Sorption of tetracycline to sediments and soils: assessing the roles of pH, the presence of cadmium and properties of sediments and soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-010-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bilandžić N, Đokić M, Sedak M. Survey of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and lead in kidney of cattle, horse, sheep and pigs from rural areas in Croatia. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2010; 3:172-7. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.503194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alteration in the activity of oxidative enzymes in the tissues of male Wistar albino rats exposed to cadmium. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2010; 23:55-62. [PMID: 20442063 DOI: 10.2478/v10001-010-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the activities of some oxidative enzymes [viz Aldehyde oxidase, AO (E.C. 1.2.3.1); Xanthine oxidase, XO (E.C. 1.2.3.2); Sulphite oxidase, SO (E.C.1.8.3.1.); and Monoamine oxidase, MO (E.C. 1.4.3.4)] in the liver and kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were administered 1, 2 and 4 mg Cd(2+)/kg body weight for one and three months. The activities of the oxidative enzymes were subsequently analyzed in the liver and kidney after both periods of exposure. RESULTS There was a dose dependent increase in liver and kidney Cd concentration in the test rats as compared to control after both periods of treatment with the liver retaining higher concentration of Cd than the kidney for each of the exposure dose. The oxidative enzymes were decreased in a dose dependent manner in the liver and kidney after both periods of treatment. The percentage inhibition of these enzymes was less in the liver of rats treated with Cd for three months relative to the one month treated rats for each of the exposure dose. Conversely, the inhibition of the activities of these enzymes in the kidney of rats in all the treatment groups was more pronounced after three months relative to the trend in the one month treated rats. However, the activities of the oxidative enzymes were higher in the liver as compared to the kidney in all the treatment groups after both durations of Cd treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the inhibition of the oxidative enzymes by Cd may disturb metabolism of bioactive endogenous substances, exogenous components of food and some xenobiotics.
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Bilandzić N, Sedak M, Vratarić D, Perić T, Simić B. Lead and cadmium in red deer and wild boar from different hunting grounds in Croatia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:4243-7. [PMID: 19411089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and relations of Cd and Pb as environmental risk factors were studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the liver, kidney and muscle of free ranging wild boar (n=94) and red deer (n=45) from hunting grounds in four counties of north-east Croatia. In all four counties, the levels of Cd found in the kidney of red deer ranged from 2.28 to 5.91 mg/kg, and in wild boar from 3.47 to 21.10 mg/kg. The mean renal concentration of Cd was significantly higher in wild boar than in red deer from all four study areas. The mean hepatic (0.11 to 0.49 mg/kg, respectively) and muscle (0.01 to 0.04 mg/kg, respectively) Cd concentrations were similar in both species. The mean renal Cd concentration in wild boar and red deer exceeded 1 mg/kg in all four counties, ranging from 67.0% to 91.4% and from 45.5% to 69.2%, respectively. Also, the hepatic Cd/renal Cd ratio was lower than 1 in all animals. In all four counties, renal Pb concentration ranged from 0.058 to 3.77 mg/kg in red deer and from 0.056 to 11.60 mg/kg in wild boar. Hepatic Pb concentration was similar in both species (0.061 to 0.202 mg/kg in wild boar and 0.077 to 0.108 mg/kg in red deer). Because of the high Cd level in the organs of wild boar and red deer, further research is needed to identify the source of contamination in order to preserve the health of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bilandzić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
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