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Zhou JQ, Wan HY, Wang ZX, Jiang N. Stimulating factors for regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:369-384. [PMID: 37342227 PMCID: PMC10277964 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), distributed in many tissues in the human body, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating in specific directions. It is usually considered that the differentiation process of MSCs depends on specialized external stimulating factors, including cell signaling pathways, cytokines, and other physical stimuli. Recent findings have revealed other underrated roles in the differentiation process of MSCs, such as material morphology and exosomes. Although relevant achievements have substantially advanced the applicability of MSCs, some of these regulatory mechanisms still need to be better understood. Moreover, limitations such as long-term survival in vivo hinder the clinical application of MSCs therapy. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the differentiation patterns of MSCs under specific stimulating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Zhou
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Yang Wan
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Voga M, Majdic G. Articular Cartilage Regeneration in Veterinary Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:23-55. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Stojiljković A, Gaschen V, Forterre F, Rytz U, Stoffel MH, Bluteau J. Novel immortalization approach defers senescence of cultured canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. GeroScience 2021; 44:1301-1323. [PMID: 34806133 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the scientific community spared no effort to elucidate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Unfortunately, in vitro cellular senescence occurring along with a loss of proliferative capacity is a major drawback in view of future therapeutic applications of these cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Even though insight into the mechanisms of replicative senescence in human medicine has evolved dramatically, knowledge about replicative senescence of canine MSCs is still scarce. Thus, we developed a high-content analysis workflow to simultaneously investigate three important characteristics of senescence in canine adipose-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs): morphological changes, activation of the cell cycle arrest machinery, and increased activity of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase. We took advantage of this tool to demonstrate that passaging of cAD-MSCs results in the appearance of a senescence phenotype and proliferation arrest. This was partially prevented upon immortalization of these cells using a newly designed PiggyBac™ Transposon System, which allows for the expression of the human polycomb ring finger proto-oncogene BMI1 and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase under the same promotor. Our results indicate that cAD-MSCs immortalized with this new vector maintain their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential for a longer time than untreated cAD-MSCs. This study not only offers a workflow to investigate replicative senescence in eukaryotic cells with a high-content analysis approach but also paves the way for a rapid and effective generation of immortalized MSC lines. This promotes a better understanding of these cells in view of future applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stojiljković
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Véronique Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franck Forterre
- Division of Small Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Rytz
- Division of Small Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Bluteau
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chang CY, Park JH, Ouh IO, Gu NY, Jeong SY, Lee SA, Lee YH, Hyun BH, Kim KS, Lee J. Novel method to repair articular cartilage by direct reprograming of prechondrogenic mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174416. [PMID: 34606836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cartilage loss is worsened by the limited regenerative capacity of chondrocytes. The role of cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells is gaining interest. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are an attractive source to generate the optimal number of chondrocytes required to repair a cartilage defect and regenerate hyaline articular cartilage. Here, we report an outstanding technique to prepare chondrocytes for cartilage repair using canine ADSCs. We hypothesized that external electrical fields promote prechondrogenic condensation without requiring genetic modifications or exogenous factors. We analyzed the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on the differentiation of ADSC micromass into chondrocytes. Highly compact structures were formed within 3 days of ES of canine ADSC micromass. The expression of type I collagen gene was abolished in these cells compared with that in control micromass cultures and monolayer cultures. We further found that ES enhanced the production of proteoglycan, a highly produced extracellular matrix component in chondrocytes. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed that canine ADSC micromass undergoing ES developed a prechondrogenic cell aggregation, suggesting their metabolic conversion, biogenesis, and calcium ion change. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the capacity of ES to drive the chondrogenesis of ADSCs in the absence of exogenous factors and confirm its commercial potential as a budget-friendly therapy for the repair of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Chang
- Hanyang Digitech, 332-7, Samsung 1-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18380, Republic of Korea; Youth Bio Global, 273, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Hanyang Digitech, 332-7, Samsung 1-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18380, Republic of Korea; Youth Bio Global, 273, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Gu
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeong
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-A Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Suk Kim
- Hanyang Digitech, 332-7, Samsung 1-ro, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18380, Republic of Korea
| | - Jienny Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea; Division of Regenerative Medicine Safety Control, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Rhatomy S, Setyawan R, Romulo MA. Enhancement of Chondrogenesis in Hypoxic Precondition Culture: A Systematic Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cartilage tear has begun to be treated with stem cells. However, stem cell oxygen level culture has not been evaluated for the best environment to enhance chondrogenesis.
AIM: The purpose of this review is to focus on the hypoxic oxygen level of stem cells culture as a treatment for cartilage tear.
METHODS: A literature search was systemically conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and bibliography of selected articles with the terms (“culture”) AND (“stem cell” OR “mesenchymal stem cell” OR “MSC”) AND (“hypoxic” OR “hypoxia”) AND (“cartilage” OR “chondro*”) as the main keywords. A total of 438 articles were reviewed. Thirty-six articles were considered relevant for this systematic review.
RESULTS: The result of this review supports stimulation effects of hypoxic oxygen level stem cell culture in chondrogenesis process. Most studies used 5% oxygen concentration for culture, both of in vivo and in vitro studies. Due to the heterogeneity nature of the included studies, meta-analysis was unable to be conducted.
CONCLUSION: Hypoxia state seems to play an important role in chondrocytes proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production.
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Di Mattia M, Mauro A, Citeroni MR, Dufrusine B, Peserico A, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Dainese E, Cimini A, Barboni B. Insight into Hypoxia Stemness Control. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082161. [PMID: 34440930 PMCID: PMC8394199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the research on stemness and multilineage differentiation mechanisms has greatly increased its value due to the potential therapeutic impact of stem cell-based approaches. Stem cells modulate their self-renewing and differentiation capacities in response to endogenous and/or extrinsic factors that can control stem cell fate. One key factor controlling stem cell phenotype is oxygen (O2). Several pieces of evidence demonstrated that the complexity of reproducing O2 physiological tensions and gradients in culture is responsible for defective stem cell behavior in vitro and after transplantation. This evidence is still worsened by considering that stem cells are conventionally incubated under non-physiological air O2 tension (21%). Therefore, the study of mechanisms and signaling activated at lower O2 tension, such as those existing under native microenvironments (referred to as hypoxia), represent an effective strategy to define if O2 is essential in preserving naïve stemness potential as well as in modulating their differentiation. Starting from this premise, the goal of the present review is to report the status of the art about the link existing between hypoxia and stemness providing insight into the factors/molecules involved, to design targeted strategies that, recapitulating naïve O2 signals, enable towards the therapeutic use of stem cell for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-1426-6888; Fax: +39-08-6126-6860
| | - Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
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Harman RM, Marx C, Van de Walle GR. Translational Animal Models Provide Insight Into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Secretome Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654885. [PMID: 33869217 PMCID: PMC8044970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome, consisting of all molecules secreted by MSCs, is intensively studied. MSCs can be readily isolated, expanded, and manipulated in culture, and few people argue with the ethics of their collection. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, most MSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine, in part because the complexity of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs is not completely understood. In addition, the MSC secretome is variable, influenced by individual donor, tissue source of origin, culture conditions, and passage. An increased understanding of the factors that make up the secretome and the ability to manipulate MSCs to consistently secrete factors of biologic importance will improve MSC therapy. To aid in this goal, we can draw from the wealth of information available on secreted factors from MSC isolated from veterinary species. These translational animal models will inspire efforts to move human MSC secretome therapy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Chen W, Zhuo Y, Duan D, Lu M. Effects of Hypoxia on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:332-339. [PMID: 31441734 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823144928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are distributed in many parts of the human body, including
the bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord, fat, and nasal mucosa. One of the unique features of
MSCs is their multidirectional differentiation potential, including the ability to undergo osteogenesis,
adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, and to produce neurons, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, medullary
nucleus cells, cardiomyocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells. MSCs have thus become a hot research
topic in recent years. Numerous studies have investigated the differentiation of MSCs into various
types of cells in vitro and their application to numerous fields. However, most studies have cultured
MSCs under atmospheric oxygen tension with an oxygen concentration of 21%, which does not reflect
a normal physiological state, given that the oxygen concentration generally used in vitro is four to ten
times that to which MSCs would be exposed in the body. We therefore review the growing number of
studies exploring the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Da Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
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Could hypoxia influence basic biological properties and ultrastructural features of adult canine mesenchymal stem /stromal cells? Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:297-308. [PMID: 30238341 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare canine adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells cultured under normoxic (20% O2) and not severe hypoxic (7% O2) conditions in terms of marker expression, proliferation rate, differentiation potential and cell morphology. Intra-abdominal fat tissue samples were recovered from 4 dogs and cells isolated from each sample were cultured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Proliferation rate and adhesion ability were determined, differentiation towards chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages was induced; the expression of CD44, CD34, DLA-DQA1, DLA-DRA1 was determined by PCR, while flow cytometry analysis for CD90, CD105, CD45 and CD14 was carried out. The morphological study was performed by transmission electron microscopy. Canine AT-MSCs, cultured under different oxygen tensions, maintained their basic biological features. However, under hypoxia, cells were not able to form spheroid aggregates revealing a reduction of their adhesivness. In both conditions, MSCs mainly displayed the same ultrastructural morphology and retained the ability to produce membrane vesicles. Noteworthy, MSCs cultivated under hypoxya revealed a huge shedding of large complex vesicles, containing smaller round-shaped vesicles. In our study, hypoxia partially influences the basic biological properties and the ultrastructural features of canine mesenchymal stem /stromal cells. Further studies are needed to clarify how hypoxia affects EVs production in term of amount and content in order to understand its contribution in tissue regenerative mechanisms and the possible employment in clinical applications. The findings of the present work could be noteworthy for canine as well as for other mammalian species.
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Park MJ, Lee J, Byeon JS, Jeong DU, Gu NY, Cho IS, Cha SH. Effects of three-dimensional spheroid culture on equine mesenchymal stem cell plasticity. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:171-181. [PMID: 29721754 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful candidates for tissue engineering and cell therapy fields. We optimize culture conditions of equine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (eAD-MSCs) for treatment of horse fractures. To investigate enhancing properties of three-dimensional (3D) culture system in eAD-MSCs, we performed various sized spheroid formation and determined changes in gene expression levels to obtain different sized spheroid for cell therapy. eAD-MSCs were successfully isolated from horse tailhead. Using hanging drop method, spheroid formation was generated for three days. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze gene expression. As results, expression levels of pluripotent markers were increased depending on spheroid size and the production of PGE2 was increased in spheroid formation compared to that in monolayer. Ki-67 showed a remarkable increase in the spheroid formed with 2.0 × 105 cells/drop as compared to that in the monolayer. Expression levels of angiogenesis-inducing factors such as VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 were significantly increased in spheroid formation compared to those in the monolayer. Expression levels of bone morphogenesis-inducing factors such as Cox-2 and TGF-β1 were also significantly increased in spheroid formation compared to those in the monolayer. Expression levels of osteocyte-specific markers such as RUNX2, osteocalcin, and differentiation potential were also significantly increased in spheroid formation compared to those in the monolayer. Therefore, spheroid formation of eAD-MSCs through the hanging drop method can increases the expression of angiogenesis-inducing and bone morphogenesis-inducing factors under optimal culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jienny Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Byeon
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Un Jeong
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Gu
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Russell KA, Chow NHC, Dukoff D, Gibson TWG, LaMarre J, Betts DH, Koch TG. Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Canine Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167442. [PMID: 27907211 PMCID: PMC5131977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) hold promise for both cell replacement and immune modulation strategies owing to their progenitor and non-progenitor functions, respectively. Characterization of MSC from different sources is an important and necessary step before clinical use of these cells is widely adopted. Little is known about the biology and function of canine MSC compared to their mouse or human counterparts. This knowledge-gap impedes development of canine evidence-based MSC technologies. HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that canine adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM) MSC (derived from the same dogs) will have similar differentiation and immune modulatory profiles. Our objectives were to evaluate progenitor and non-progenitor functions as well as other characteristics of AT- and BM-MSC including 1) proliferation rate, 2) cell surface marker expression, 3) DNA methylation levels, 4) potential for trilineage differentiation towards osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cell fates, and 5) immunomodulatory potency in vitro. RESULTS 1) AT-MSC proliferated at more than double the rate of BM-MSC (population doubling times in days) for passage (P) 2, AT: 1.69, BM: 3.81; P3, AT: 1.80, BM: 4.06; P4, AT: 2.37, BM: 5.34; P5, AT: 3.20, BM: 7.21). 2) Canine MSC, regardless of source, strongly expressed cell surface markers MHC I, CD29, CD44, and CD90, and were negative for MHC II and CD45. They also showed moderate expression of CD8 and CD73 and mild expression of CD14. Minor differences were found in expression of CD4 and CD34. 3) Global DNA methylation levels were significantly lower in BM-MSC compared to AT-MSC. 4) Little difference was found between AT- and BM-MSC in their potential for adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Chondrogenesis was poor to absent for both sources in spite of adding varying levels of bone-morphogenic protein to our standard transforming growth factor (TGF-β3)-based induction medium. 5) Immunomodulatory capacity was equal regardless of cell source when tested in mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte reactions. Priming of MSC with pro-inflammatory factors interferon-gamma and/or tumour necrosis factor did not increase the lymphocyte suppressive properties of the MSC compared to untreated MSC. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE No significant differences were found between AT- and BM-MSC with regard to their immunophenotype, progenitor, and non-progenitor functions. Both MSC populations showed strong adipogenic and osteogenic potential and poor chondrogenic potential. Both significantly suppressed stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The most significant differences found were the higher isolation success and proliferation rate of AT-MSC, which could be realized as notable benefits of their use over BM-MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. Russell
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Natalie H. C. Chow
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - David Dukoff
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Thomas W. G. Gibson
- Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jonathan LaMarre
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Dean H. Betts
- Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Koch
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- The Orthopaedic Research Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Yasui Y, Chijimatsu R, Hart DA, Koizumi K, Sugita N, Shimomura K, Myoui A, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura N. Preparation of Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Constructs Derived from Human Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Low Oxygen Tension Enhances Their Chondrogenic Differentiation Capacity. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:490-500. [PMID: 26974507 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen tension (LOT) has been reported to promote chondrogenic differentiation and prevent cellular senescence of stem cells. Therefore, the introduction of LOT conditions into conventional tissue engineering processes could further improve the potential of the constructs generated for cartilage repair. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the feasibility of LOT preparation on the chondrogenic differentiation of a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), construct whose feasibility for cartilage repair has been demonstrated in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Culture of MSCs under LOT conditions prevented cellular senescence and promoted the proliferative capacity of human synovial MSCs. In addition, TEC prepared from human synovial MSCs under LOT conditions (5% O2; LOT-TEC) showed superior in vitro chondrogenic differentiation capacity compared to that prepared under the usual 20% O2 (normal oxygen tension [NOT]; NOT-TEC), with elevated glycosaminoglycan production and elevated levels of chondrogenic marker gene expression. Notably, LOT-TEC differentiated into a hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue of approximately 1 cm in diameter without the detectable presence of fibrous tissue, while conventional NOT-TEC differentiated into a mixture of hyaline-like and fibrocartilaginous tissues. This is the first demonstration of in vitro development of a hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue of an implantable size to chondral lesion that was derived from human MSCs without the use of an exogenous scaffold. The manipulation of oxygen tension is a safe procedure with low cost and, thus, may be a clinically relevant option to improve the quality of TEC-mediated cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Yasui
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | - David A Hart
- 2 McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Kota Koizumi
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sugita
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Myoui
- 3 Department of Medical Innovation, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Osaka University Hospital , Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan .,4 Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University , Suita, Japan .,5 Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University , Osaka, Japan
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