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Penati M, Ulloa F, Locatelli C, Monistero V, Pavesi LF, Santandrea F, Piccinini R, Moroni P, Bronzo V, Addis MF. An update on non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci in cow milk: unveiling the presence of Staphylococcus borealis and Staphylococcus rostri by MALDI-TOF MS. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2555-2561. [PMID: 38888631 PMCID: PMC11315763 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from milk. Given their numerosity and complexity, MALDI-TOF MS is one of the preferred species identification approaches. Nevertheless, reference mass spectra for the novel species Staphylococcus borealis were included only recently in the Bruker Biotyper System (MBT) library, and other species of veterinary interest such as S. rostri are still absent. This work provides an updated picture of the NASM species found in milk, gained by retrospectively analyzing the data relating to 21,864 milk samples, of which 6,278 from clinical mastitis (CM), 4,039 from subclinical mastitis (SCM), and 11,547 from herd survey (HS), with a spectrum library including both species. As a result, S. borealis was the second most frequently isolated NASM (17.07%) after S. chromogenes (39.38%) in all sample types, with a slightly higher percentage in CM (21.84%), followed by SCM (17.65%), and HS (14.38%). S. rostri was also present in all sample types (3.34%), reaching 8.43% of all NASM in SCM and showing a significant association (p < 0.01) with this condition. Based on our findings, the presence of S. borealis and S. rostri in milk and their potential association with mastitis might have been overlooked, possibly due to the difficulties in differentiating these species from other closely related NASM. Our results indicate that S. borealis could be a more frequent contributor to bovine udder infections than previously thought and that S. rostri should also not be underestimated considering its significant association with SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Penati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fernando Ulloa
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Filippone Pavesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Santandrea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
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Srithanasuwan A, Pangprasit N, Mektrirat R, Suriyasathaporn W, Chuammitri P. Divergent Immune Responses to Minor Bovine Mastitis-Causing Pathogens. Vet Sci 2024; 11:262. [PMID: 38922009 PMCID: PMC11209595 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) were not considered significant players in bovine mastitis. This study investigated the involvement of NASM (Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus chromogenes) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (Weissella paramesenteroides) through bovine neutrophil responses. Bovine neutrophils displayed minimal apoptosis upon NASM and LAB challenge. Neutrophils expressed high TLR2 after challenge, but TLR6 expression varied and remained low in NASM pathogen recognition. Bovine neutrophils effectively engulfed and killed LAB, but their activity was significantly impaired against NASM. This was evident in S. chromogenes, where reduced TLR6 recognition and a weakened phagocytic response likely contributed to a lower bactericidal effect. Regardless of the bacteria encountered, intracellular ROS production remained high. S. chromogenes-challenged neutrophils displayed upregulation in genes for pathogen recognition (TLRs), ROS production, and both pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways. This response mirrored that of Weissella. except for CASP9 and BCL2, suggesting these bacteria have divergent roles in triggering cell death. Our findings suggest that S. chromogenes manipulates bovine neutrophil defenses through coordinated changes in functional responses and gene expression, while LAB strains have a weaker influence on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyaphat Srithanasuwan
- Veterinary Science Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noppason Pangprasit
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Veterinary Bioscience Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses, Institute-Cambodian Campus, Royal University of Agriculture, Dangkor District, Phnom Penh 370, Cambodia
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Veterinary Bioscience Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Kerro Dego O, Vidlund J. Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356259. [PMID: 38863450 PMCID: PMC11165426 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle. Even though different infectious microorganisms and mechanical injury can cause mastitis, bacteria are the most common cause of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci, streptococci, and coliforms are the most frequently diagnosed etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci that cause mastitis are broadly divided into Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). NAS is mainly comprised of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) and some coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci. Current staphylococcal mastitis control measures are ineffective, and dependence on antimicrobial drugs is not sustainable because of the low cure rate with antimicrobial treatment and the development of resistance. Non-antimicrobial effective and sustainable control tools are critically needed. This review describes the current status of S. aureus and NAS mastitis in dairy cows and flags areas of knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN, United States
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Adesoji TO, George UE, Sulayman TA, Uwanibe JN, Olawoye IB, Igbokwe JO, Olanipekun TG, Adeleke RA, Akindoyin AI, Famakinwa TJ, Adamu AM, Terkuma CA, Ezekiel GO, Eromon PE, Happi AN, Fadare TO, Shittu AO, Happi CT. Molecular characterization of non-aureus staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus from Hipposideros bats in Southwest Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6899. [PMID: 38519524 PMCID: PMC10960025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats are not only ecologically valuable mammals but also reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Their vast population, ability to fly, and inhabit diverse ecological niches could play some role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. This study investigated non-aureus staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus colonization in the Hipposideros bats at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Pharyngeal samples (n = 23) of the insectivorous bats were analyzed, and the presumptive non-aureus staphylococcal and Mammaliicoccus isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The isolates were characterized based on antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Six bacterial genomes were assembled, and three species were identified, including Mammaliicoccus sciuri (n = 4), Staphylococcus gallinarum (n = 1), and Staphylococcus nepalensis (n = 1). All the isolates were resistant to clindamycin, while the M. sciuri and S. gallinarum isolates were also resistant to fusidic acid. WGS analysis revealed that the M. sciuri and S. gallinarum isolates were mecA-positive. In addition, the M. sciuri isolates possessed some virulence (icaA, icaB, icaC, and sspA) genes. Multi-locus sequence typing identified two new M. sciuri sequence types (STs) 233 and ST234. The identification of these new STs in a migratory mammal deserves close monitoring because previously known ST57, ST60, and ST65 sharing ack (8), ftsZ (13), glpK (14), gmk (6), and tpiA (10) alleles with ST233 and ST234 have been linked to mastitis in animals. Moreover, the broad host range of M. sciuri could facilitate the dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes. This study provides evidence of the importance of including migratory animals in monitoring the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiwa O Adesoji
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Uwem E George
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Taofiq A Sulayman
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Jessica N Uwanibe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu B Olawoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Igbokwe
- Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tobi G Olanipekun
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Richard A Adeleke
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Temitope J Famakinwa
- Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew M Adamu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, 900105, Nigeria
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Bebegu Yumba Campus, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Christabel A Terkuma
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Grace O Ezekiel
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Philomena E Eromon
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Anise N Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo O Fadare
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo O Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Christian T Happi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Tsugami Y, Nii T, Isobe N. Effects of topical application of resveratrol on tight junction barrier and antimicrobial compound production in lactating goat mammary glands. Vet Res 2024; 55:20. [PMID: 38365712 PMCID: PMC10870570 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammary glands, the formation of less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) and the production of antimicrobial compounds like lactoferrin and defensins are important for preventing mastitis. Resveratrol, a polyphenol contained in red grapes, is known to protect mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from oxidative stress; however, oral administration of resveratrol causes a decrease in certain biological processes through conjugation and metabolic conversion. In this study, we determined the beneficial effects of resveratrol on TJs and antimicrobial compounds in cultured goat MECs by adding it to the medium, and in lactating goat mammary glands by topical application for percutaneous absorption. TJ barrier function was evaluated by transepithelial resistance and expression or localization pattern of claudins for culture model in vitro and by somatic cell count, Na+, albumin, and IgG in milk for topical application in vivo. Concentrations of antimicrobial compounds and cytokines were measured using ELISA. Activation of STAT3 was evaluated by Western blotting. Resveratrol strengthened TJ barrier function by upregulating claudin-3 in cultured MECs and topical application to udders reduced somatic cell count, Na+, albumin, and IgG in milk. Resveratrol increased β-defensin and S100A7 levels in cultured MECs and milk. In addition, resveratrol down-regulated cytokine production and STAT3 pathway. These findings suggest that the topical application of resveratrol to udders may be effective in preventing mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Tsugami
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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Addis MF, Locatelli C, Penati M, Poli SF, Monistero V, Zingale L, Rota N, Gusmara C, Piccinini R, Moroni P, Bronzo V. Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci isolated from bovine milk in Italian dairy farms: a retrospective investigation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:547-554. [PMID: 37558858 PMCID: PMC10811067 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are associated with bovine mastitis and increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) but their relationships with mammary gland health at the species level are not clearly defined. Regional differences have also been reported in their specific prevalence. The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in milk microbiology is generating large and dependable datasets with the potential of providing useful epidemiological information. We present the retrospective analysis of 17,213 milk samples sent to our laboratory in 2021-2022, including 13,146 quarter samples from cows with subclinical (SCM) or clinical mastitis (CM) from 104 farms, and 4,067 composite herd survey (HS) samples from 21 farms. NASM were isolated from 21.12% of SCM, 11.49% of CM, and 15.59% of HS milk samples. The three most frequently identified NASM in SCM milk were Staphylococcus chromogenes (33.33%), S. haemolyticus (26.07%), and S. epidermidis (10.65%); together with S. microti and S. hyicus, these species were significantly more prevalent in quarters with SCM (p < 0.05). The three most frequently identified NASM in CM milk were S. chromogenes (31.69%), S. haemolyticus (21.42%), and Mammaliicoccus sciuri (18.38%), although no significant associations were found between these NASM species and CM. The three most frequently identified NASM in HS milk were S. chromogenes (44.49%), S. epidermidis (17.84%), and S. haemolyticus (17.23%), with S. chromogenes being isolated in all the farms sending HS milk (100%). In conclusion, this retrospective study provides the first information on the NASM species isolated from cow milk in Italy, expanding our knowledge on the epidemiology of NASM at the species level and providing further insights into their relationships with mammary gland health in modern dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Martina Penati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sara Fusar Poli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucia Zingale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Gusmara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Lysitsas M, Spyrou V, Billinis C, Valiakos G. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci as an Etiologic Agent of Ovine Mastitis, with a Focus on Subclinical Forms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1661. [PMID: 38136695 PMCID: PMC10740641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to investigate the distribution and the characteristics of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) implicated in ovine mastitis, and especially in subclinical cases, in order to provide a global perspective of the current research data and analyze specific critical aspects of the issue. PRISMA guidelines were implemented in the search of the last 20 years of the related literature in two databases. In total, 139 studies were included in this review. Relevant data were tracked down, assembled, and compared. Regarding the geographical distribution, most studies originated from Europe (68), followed by South America (33). Lacaune was the most examined breed, while S. epidermidis was the predominantly identified species, representing approximately 39% of the obtained isolates. Antibiotic resistance in the relevant bacteria was documented mostly for Penicillin (32.8%) and Amoxicillin (32.1%), while biofilm- and toxin-associated genes were encountered in variable rates because significant inequalities were observed between different articles. Significantly higher rates of antimicrobial resistance were detected in Asia and South America compared to Europe. Finally, the diagnostic procedures carried out in the respective studies were evaluated. Conventional culture and biochemical tests were mostly performed for simple strain identification; therefore, further molecular investigation of isolates should be pursued in future studies, as this will provide important data regarding specific aspects of the implication of CoNS in ovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Lysitsas
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| | - George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
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