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Lu G, Wang Z, Xu F, Pan YB, Grisham MP, Xu L. Sugarcane Mosaic Disease: Characteristics, Identification and Control. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091984. [PMID: 34576879 PMCID: PMC8468687 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaic is one of the most important sugarcane diseases, caused by single or compound infection of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), and/or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). The compound infection of mosaic has become increasingly serious in the last few years. The disease directly affects the photosynthesis and growth of sugarcane, leading to a significant decrease in cane yield and sucrose content, and thus serious economic losses. This review covers four aspects of sugarcane mosaic disease management: first, the current situation of sugarcane mosaic disease and its epidemic characteristics; second, the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of the three viruses; third, the identification methods of mosaic and its pathogen species; and fourth, the prevention and control measures for sugarcane mosaic disease and potential future research focus. The review is expected to provide scientific literature and guidance for the effective prevention and control of mosaic through resistance breeding in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.L.); (Z.W.); (F.X.)
| | - Zhoutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.L.); (Z.W.); (F.X.)
| | - Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.L.); (Z.W.); (F.X.)
| | - Yong-Bao Pan
- USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360, USA; (Y.-B.P.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Michael P. Grisham
- USDA-ARS, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360, USA; (Y.-B.P.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.L.); (Z.W.); (F.X.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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López‐González S, Navarro JA, Pacios LF, Sardaru P, Pallás V, Sánchez F, Ponz F. Association between flower stalk elongation, an Arabidopsis developmental trait, and the subcellular location and movement dynamics of the nonstructural protein P3 of Turnip mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1271-1286. [PMID: 32737952 PMCID: PMC7488469 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infections affect plant developmental traits but this aspect of the interaction has not been extensively studied so far. Two strains of Turnip mosaic virus differentially affect Arabidopsis development, especially flower stalk elongation, which allowed phenotypical, cellular, and molecular characterization of the viral determinant, the P3 protein. Transiently expressed wild-type green fluorescent protein-tagged P3 proteins of both strains and selected mutants of them revealed important differences in their behaviour as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated peripheral proteins flowing along the reticulum, forming punctate accumulations. Three-dimensional (3D) model structures of all expressed P3 proteins were computationally constructed through I-TASSER protein structure predictions, which were used to compute protein surfaces and map electrostatic potentials to characterize the effect of amino acid changes on features related to protein interactions and to phenotypical and subcellular results. The amino acid at position 279 was the main determinant affecting stalk development. It also determined the speed of ER-flow of the expressed proteins and their final location. A marked change in the protein surface electrostatic potential correlated with changes in subcellular location. One single amino acid in the P3 viral protein determines all the analysed differential characteristics between strains differentially affecting flower stalk development. A model proposing a role of the protein in the intracellular movement of the viral replication complex, in association with the viral 6K2 protein, is proposed. The type of association between both viral proteins could differ between the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC), IBMCPValenciaSpain
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
| | - Papaiah Sardaru
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC), IBMCPValenciaSpain
| | - Flora Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
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3
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Shi F, Wang Y, Zhang F, Yuan X, Chen H, Chen X, Chen X, Cui X. Soybean Endo-1,3-Beta-Glucanase ( GmGLU) Interaction With Soybean mosaic virus-Encoded P3 Protein May Contribute to the Intercelluar Movement. Front Genet 2020; 11:536771. [PMID: 33101374 PMCID: PMC7522550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.536771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, is a prevalent and devastating viral pathogen in soybean-growing regions worldwide. Potyvirus-encoded P3 protein is reported to participate in virus replication, movements, and pathogenesis. This study provides evidence that the soybean (Glycine max) endo-1,3-beta-glucanase protein (designated as GmGLU) interacts with SMV-P3 by using a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a soybean cDNA library. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay further confirmed the interaction, which occurred on the cytomembrane in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Subcellular localization experiment indicated that GmGLU localized in cytomembrane and could co-localized at PD with PD marker. The transient expression of GmGLU promoted the coupling of Turnip mosaic virus replication and cell-to-cell movement in N. benthamiana. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR experiment demonstrated that the expression of GmGLU which involved in callose regulation increased under SMV infection. Under SMV infection, callose deposition at PD was observed obviously by staining with aniline blue, which raise a physical barrier restricting cell-to-cell movement of SMV. When overexpression the GmGLU into the leaves under SMV infection, the callose induced by SMV was degraded. Coexpression the GmGLU and SMV in soybean leaves, callose was not found, whereas a large amount of callose deposition on soybean leaves which were only under SMV infection. The results show that GmGLU can degrade the callose induced by SMV infection and indicate that GmGLU may be an essential host factor involvement in potyvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shi
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China.,Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China.,Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Hamid A, Zhai Y, Ramesh SV, Pappu HR. Complete genome characterization and population dynamics of potato virus Y-NTN strain from India. Virusdisease 2019; 30:252-260. [PMID: 31179364 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major threat to potato cultivation worldwide. PVY exists as biologically and genetically distinct strains and causes varying degrees of pathogenicity and a wide range of symptoms in potato. Knowledge of the nature of PVY strains is essential for breeding PVY resistant cultivars that are durable against a wide range of strains. We report the complete genome of a PVY potato isolate (JK12) characterised from the potato production areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Nucleotide sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis with known PVY strains revealed that the isolate belongs to the NTN strain of PVY. At the whole genome sequence level, the JK12 isolate shared the highest identity (99.42%) with PVY-NTN strains reported from Germany, followed by those from United Kingdom (99.34%) and Japan (99.33%). Recombination detection analysis identified two recombination break points and JK12 appeared to have originated from a recombination event between a PVY-N strain from Belgium as a major parent and a PVY-O strain from China as the minor parent. Our results suggest possible mutation and recombination could be the basis for the evolution and the subsequent establishment of NTN in this region. Furthermore, a global evolutionary lineage analysis of all the known PVY strains showed relatively low nucleotide diversity among the PVY-NTN strains. Neutrality tests showed that all the genotypes of PVY are undergoing purifying selection suggesting population expansion of PVY. This is the first report of complete genomic characterization of an NTN strain of PVY isolated from commercial potato fields in India. The implications of the emergence of this strain in the Indian context are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aflaq Hamid
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA.,2Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K India
| | - Ying Zhai
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - S V Ramesh
- 3ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kasaragod, Kerala India
| | - Hanu R Pappu
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
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5
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Cui X, Lu L, Wang Y, Yuan X, Chen X. The interaction of soybean reticulon homology domain protein (GmRHP) with Soybean mosaic virus encoded P3 contributes to the viral infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2105-2110. [PMID: 29229386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the Potyvirus genus, is a prevalent and devastating viral pathogen in soybean-growing regions worldwide. Potyvirus replication occurs in the 6K2-induced viral replication complex at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. Potyvirus-encoded P3 is also associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is as an essential component of the viral replication complex, playing a key role in viral replication. This study provides evidence that the soybean (Glycine max) reticulon homology domain protein (designated as GmRHP) interacts with SMV-P3 by using a two-hybrid yeast system to screen a soybean cDNA library. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay further confirmed the interaction, which occurred on the cytomembrane, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. The transient expression of GmRHP can promote the coupling of Turnip mosaic virus replication and cell-to-cell movement in N. benthamiana. The interaction between the membrane protein SMV-P3 and GmRHP may contribute to the potyvirus infection, and GmRHP may be an essential host factor for P3's involvement in potyvirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China; Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China.
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6
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Cui X, Yaghmaiean H, Wu G, Wu X, Chen X, Thorn G, Wang A. The C-terminal region of the Turnip mosaic virus P3 protein is essential for viral infection via targeting P3 to the viral replication complex. Virology 2017; 510:147-155. [PMID: 28735115 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Like other positive-strand RNA viruses, plant potyviruses assemble viral replication complexes (VRCs) on modified cellular membranes. Potyviruses encode two membrane proteins, 6K2 and P3. The former is known to play pivotal roles in the formation of membrane-associated VRCs. However, P3 remains to be one of the least characterized potyviral proteins. The P3 cistron codes for P3 as well as P3N-PIPO which results from RNA polymerase slippage. In this study, we show that the P3N-PIPO of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is required for viral cell-to-cell movement but not for viral replication. We demonstrate that the C-terminal region of P3 (P3C) is indispensable for P3 to form cytoplasmic punctate inclusions and target VRCs. We reveal that TuMV mutants that lack P3C are replication-defective. Taken together, these data suggest that the P3 cistron has two distinct functions: P3N-PIPO as a dedicated movement protein and P3 as an essential component of the VRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hoda Yaghmaiean
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Guanwei Wu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Greg Thorn
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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7
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Charon J, Theil S, Nicaise V, Michon T. Protein intrinsic disorder within the Potyvirus genus: from proteome-wide analysis to functional annotation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:634-52. [PMID: 26699268 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within proteins, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are devoid of stable secondary and tertiary structures under physiological conditions and rather exist as dynamic ensembles of inter-converting conformers. Although ubiquitous in all domains of life, the intrinsic disorder content is highly variable in viral genomes. Over the years, functional annotations of disordered regions at the scale of the whole proteome have been conducted for several animal viruses. But to date, similar studies applied to plant viruses are still missing. Based on disorder prediction tools combined with annotation programs and evolutionary studies, we analyzed the intrinsic disorder content in Potyvirus, using a 10-species dataset representative of this genus diversity. In this paper, we revealed that: (i) the Potyvirus proteome displays high disorder content, (ii) disorder is conserved during Potyvirus evolution, suggesting a functional advantage of IDRs, (iii) IDRs evolve faster than ordered regions, and (iv) IDRs may be associated with major biological functions required for the Potyvirus cycle. Notably, the proteins P1, Coat protein (CP) and Viral genome-linked protein (VPg) display a high content of conserved disorder, enriched in specific motifs mimicking eukaryotic functional modules and suggesting strategies of host machinery hijacking. In these three proteins, IDRs are particularly conserved despite their high amino acid polymorphism, indicating a link to adaptive processes. Through this comprehensive study, we further investigate the biological relevance of intrinsic disorder in Potyvirus biology and we propose a functional annotation of potyviral proteome IDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Charon
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Theil
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Valérie Nicaise
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Thierry Michon
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
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Sánchez F, Manrique P, Mansilla C, Lunello P, Wang X, Rodrigo G, López-González S, Jenner C, González-Melendi P, Elena SF, Walsh J, Ponz F. Viral Strain-Specific Differential Alterations in Arabidopsis Developmental Patterns. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1304-1315. [PMID: 26646245 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-15-0111-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infections affect many Arabidopsis developmental traits. This paper analyzes, at different levels, the development-related differential alterations induced by different strains of TuMV, represented by isolates UK 1 and JPN 1. The genomic sequence of JPN 1 TuMV isolate revealed highest divergence in the P1 and P3 viral cistrons, upon comparison with the UK 1 sequence. Infectious viral chimeras covering the whole viral genome uncovered the P3 cistron as a major viral determinant of development alterations, excluding the involvement of the PIPO open reading frame. However, constitutive transgenic expression of P3 in Arabidopsis did not induce developmental alterations nor modulate the strong effects induced by the transgenic RNA silencing suppressor HC-Pro from either strain. This highlights the importance of studying viral determinants within the context of actual viral infections. Transcriptomic and interactomic analyses at different stages of plant development revealed large differences in the number of genes affected by the different infections at medium infection times but no significant differences at very early times. Biological functions affected by UK 1 (the most severe strain) included mainly stress response and transport. Most cellular components affected cell-wall transport or metabolism. Hubs in the interactome were affected upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Sánchez
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Manrique
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mansilla
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lunello
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodrigo
- 2 Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia López-González
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carol Jenner
- 3 University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, U.K.; and
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago F Elena
- 2 Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
- 4 The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.A
| | - John Walsh
- 3 University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, U.K.; and
| | - Fernando Ponz
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Vassilakos N, Simon V, Tzima A, Johansen E, Moury B. Genetic Determinism and Evolutionary Reconstruction of a Host Jump in a Plant Virus. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:541-53. [PMID: 26503941 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of their widespread occurrence, only few host jumps by plant viruses have been evidenced and the molecular bases of even fewer have been determined. A combination of three independent approaches, 1) experimental evolution followed by reverse genetics analysis, 2) positive selection analysis, and 3) locus-by-locus analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) allowed reconstructing the Potato virus Y (PVY; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) jump to pepper (Capsicum annuum), probably from other solanaceous plants. Synthetic chimeras between infectious cDNA clones of two PVY isolates with contrasted levels of adaptation to C. annuum showed that the P3 and, to a lower extent, the CI cistron played important roles in infectivity toward C. annuum. The three analytical approaches pinpointed a single nonsynonymous substitution in the P3 and P3N-PIPO cistrons that evolved several times independently and conferred adaptation to C. annuum. In addition to increasing our knowledge of host jumps in plant viruses, this study illustrates also the efficiency of locus-by-locus AMOVA and combined approaches to identify adaptive mutations in the genome of RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikon Vassilakos
- Laboratory of Virology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | | | - Aliki Tzima
- Laboratory of Virology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Johansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Benoît Moury
- INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Montfavet, France
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10
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Lu L, Wu G, Xu X, Luan H, Zhi H, Cui J, Cui X, Chen X. Soybean actin-depolymerizing factor 2 interacts with Soybean mosaic virus-encoded P3 protein. Virus Genes 2015; 50:333-9. [PMID: 25537947 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the Potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. It is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. P3 protein is the most variable polyprotein in potyviruses, which potentially plays an important role in the process of the evolution of virus type specialization. However, P3 not only plays a major role in virus replication and movement, but it is also responsible for symptom development in SMV-infected plants. This study provides evidence that actin-depolymerizing factor 2 (designated as ADF2) of soybean interacts with SMV P3 via a two-hybrid yeast system by screening a soybean cDNA library. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay further confirmed the interaction, which occurred in both the cytomembrane and cytoskeleton of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. The results support the hypothesis that SMV P3 might have a role in virus movement within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Abstract
Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are also seed transmitted. As important pathogens, potyviruses are much more studied than other plant viruses belonging to other genera and their study covers many aspects of plant virology, such as functional characterization of viral proteins, molecular interaction with hosts and vectors, structure, taxonomy, evolution, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Biotechnological applications of potyviruses are also being explored. During this last decade, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular biology of these viruses and the functions of their various proteins. After a general presentation on the family Potyviridae and the potyviral proteins, we present an update of the knowledge on potyvirus multiplication, movement, and transmission and on potyvirus/plant compatible interactions including pathogenicity and symptom determinants. We end the review providing information on biotechnological applications of potyviruses.
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Ivanov KI, Eskelin K, Lõhmus A, Mäkinen K. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying potyvirus infection. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1415-1429. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.064220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviruses represent one of the most economically important and widely distributed groups of plant viruses. Despite considerable progress towards understanding the cellular and molecular basis of their pathogenicity, many questions remain about the mechanisms by which potyviruses suppress host defences and create an optimal intracellular environment for viral translation, replication, assembly and spread. The review focuses on the multifunctional roles of potyviral proteins and their interplay with various host factors in different compartments of the infected cell. We place special emphasis on the recently discovered and currently putative mechanisms by which potyviruses subvert the normal functions of different cellular organelles in order to establish an efficient and productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Ivanov
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Eskelin
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Lõhmus
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Mäkinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Quenouille J, Vassilakos N, Moury B. Potato virus Y: a major crop pathogen that has provided major insights into the evolution of viral pathogenicity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:439-52. [PMID: 23480826 PMCID: PMC6638879 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Potato virus Y (PVY) is the type member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. VIRION AND GENOME PROPERTIES: PVY virions have a filamentous, flexuous form, with a length of 730 nm and a diameter of 12 nm. The genomic RNA is single stranded, messenger sense, with a length of 9.7 kb, covalently linked to a viral-encoded protein (VPg) at the 5' end and to a 3' polyadenylated tail. The genome is expressed as a polyprotein of approximately 3062 amino acid residues, processed by three virus-specific proteases into 11 mature proteins. HOSTS PVY is distributed worldwide and has a broad host range, consisting of cultivated solanaceous species and many solanaceous and nonsolanaceous weeds. It is one of the most economically important plant pathogens and causes severe diseases in cultivated hosts, such as potato, tobacco, tomato and pepper, as well as in ornamental plants. TRANSMISSION PVY is transmitted from plant to plant by more than 40 aphid species in a nonpersistent manner and, in potato, by planting contaminated seed tubers. DIVERSITY: Five major clades, named C1, C2, Chile, N and O, have been described within the PVY species. In recent decades, a strong increase in prevalence of N × O recombinant isolates has been observed worldwide. A correlation has been observed between PVY phylogeny and certain pathogenicity traits. GENETIC CONTROL OF PVY: Resistance genes against PVY have been used widely in breeding programmes and deployed in the field. These resistance genes show a large diversity of spectrum of action, durability and genetic determinism. Notably, recessive and dominant major resistance genes show highly contrasting patterns of interaction with PVY populations, displaying rapid co-evolution or stable relationships, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Quenouille
- INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS 60094, F-84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
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14
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Sochor J, Babula P, Adam V, Krska B, Kizek R. Sharka: the past, the present and the future. Viruses 2012; 4:2853-901. [PMID: 23202508 PMCID: PMC3509676 DOI: 10.3390/v4112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members the Potyviridae family belong to a group of plant viruses that are causing devastating plant diseases with a significant impact on agronomy and economics. Plum pox virus (PPV), as a causative agent of sharka disease, is widely discussed. The understanding of the molecular biology of potyviruses including PPV and the function of individual proteins as products of genome expression are quite necessary for the proposal the new antiviral strategies. This review brings to view the members of Potyviridae family with respect to plum pox virus. The genome of potyviruses is discussed with respect to protein products of its expression and their function. Plum pox virus distribution, genome organization, transmission and biochemical changes in infected plants are introduced. In addition, techniques used in PPV detection are accentuated and discussed, especially with respect to new modern techniques of nucleic acids isolation, based on the nanotechnological approach. Finally, perspectives on the future of possibilities for nanotechnology application in PPV determination/identification are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sochor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic;
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Schoelz JE, Harries PA, Nelson RS. Intracellular transport of plant viruses: finding the door out of the cell. MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:813-31. [PMID: 21896501 PMCID: PMC3183398 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are a class of plant pathogens that specialize in movement from cell to cell. As part of their arsenal for infection of plants, every virus encodes a movement protein (MP), a protein dedicated to enlarging the pore size of plasmodesmata (PD) and actively transporting the viral nucleic acid into the adjacent cell. As our knowledge of intercellular transport has increased, it has become apparent that viruses must also use an active mechanism to target the virus from their site of replication within the cell to the PD. Just as viruses are too large to fit through an unmodified plasmodesma, they are also too large to be freely diffused through the cytoplasm of the cell. Evidence has accumulated now for the involvement of other categories of viral proteins in intracellular movement in addition to the MP, including viral proteins originally associated with replication or gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the strategies that viruses use for intracellular movement from the replication site to the PD, in particular focusing on the role of host membranes for intracellular transport and the coordinated interactions between virus proteins within cells that are necessary for successful virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Schoelz
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Phillip A. Harries
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Richard S. Nelson
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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Chowda-Reddy RV, Sun H, Chen H, Poysa V, Ling H, Gijzen M, Wang A. Mutations in the P3 protein of Soybean mosaic virus G2 isolates determine virulence on Rsv4-genotype soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2011; 24:37-43. [PMID: 20795856 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) G2 isolates, L and L-RB, sharing high-sequence similarly but differing in ability to break Rsv4-mediated resistance in soybean, were investigated. Infectious clones corresponding to these two isolates and their chimeric clones resulting from swapping different regions of genomic cDNA between L and L-RB were constructed. Only L-RB or chimeras containing the middle fragment of L-RB cDNA showed virulence on Rsv4-genotype soybean. Sequence comparison analysis revealed that the middle genomic region of L and L-RB encodes four different amino acids. Point mutagenesis demonstrated that a single amino acid substitution (Q1033K) in the P3 protein determined virulence toward Rsv4 resistance. In addition, six new SMV Rsv4 resistance-breaking isolates, variants of the second passage on Williams 82 infected with the chimeras or mutants noninfectious on soybean carrying Rsv4, were obtained. Sequencing data indicated that these new isolates contain either the Q1033K mutation or a new substitution (G1054R) in P3. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the virulence role of the G1054R mutation on Rsv4-genotype soybean. Taken together, these data suggest that P3 of the SMV G2 strain is an avirulent determinant for Rsv4 and one single nucleotide mutation in P3 may be sufficient to compromise its elicitor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Chowda-Reddy
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
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Cui X, Wei T, Chowda-Reddy RV, Sun G, Wang A. The Tobacco etch virus P3 protein forms mobile inclusions via the early secretory pathway and traffics along actin microfilaments. Virology 2010; 397:56-63. [PMID: 19945728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant potyviruses encode two membrane proteins, 6K and P3. The 6K protein has been shown to induce virus replication vesicles. However, the function of P3 remains unclear. In this study, subcellular localization of the Tobacco etch virus (TEV) P3 protein was investigated in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells. The TEV P3 protein localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and formed punctate inclusions in association with the Golgi apparatus. The trafficking of P3 to the Golgi was mediated by the early secretory pathway. The Golgi-associated punctate structures originated from the ER exit site (ERES). Deletion analyses identified P3 domains required for the retention of P3 at the Golgi. Moreover, the P3 punctate structure was found to traffic along the actin filaments and colocalize with the 6K-containing replication vesicles. Taken together, these data support previous suggestions that P3 may play dual roles in virus movement and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P R China
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