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Rafeeq MM, Habib AH, Nahhas AF, Binothman N, Aljadani M, Almulhim J, Sain ZM, Alam MZ, Alturki NA, Alam Q, Manish M, Singh RK. Targeting Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus encoded protease (ORF17) by a lysophosphatidic acid molecule for treating KSHV associated diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1060156. [PMID: 36733461 PMCID: PMC9888664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, Multicentric Castleman Disease and Pleural effusion lymphoma. KSHV-encoded ORF17 encodes a protease which cleaves -Ala-Ala-, -Ala-Ser- or -Ala-Thr-bonds. The protease plays an important role in assembly and maturation of new infective virions. In the present study, we investigated expression pattern of KSHV-encoded protease during physiologically allowed as well as chemically induced reactivation condition. The results showed a direct and proportionate relationship between ORF17 expression with reactivation time. We employed virtual screening on a large database of natural products to identify an inhibitor of ORF17 for its plausible targeting and restricting Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus assembly/maturation. A library of 307,814 compounds of biological origin (A total 481,799 structures) has been used as a screen library. 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol) was highly effective against ORF17 in in-vitro experiments. The screened compound was tested for the cytotoxic effect and potential for inhibiting Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus production upon induced reactivation by hypoxia, TPA and butyric acid. Treatment of reactivated KSHV-positive cells with 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol) resulted in significant reduction in the production of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus. The study identified a lysophosphatidic acid molecule for alternate strategy to inhibit KSHV-encoded protease and target Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Alaa Hamed Habib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Alaa F. Nahhas
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Najat Binothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majidah Aljadani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Almulhim
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Faisal University, Alahsa, KSA
| | - Ziaullah M Sain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Manish
- School of Computer and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Rajnish Kumar Singh,
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Human Gammaherpesvirus 8 Oncogenes Associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137203. [PMID: 35806208 PMCID: PMC9266852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), contains oncogenes and proteins that modulate various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, and is integral to KSHV infection and oncogenicity. In this review, we describe the most important KSHV genes [ORF 73 (LANA), ORF 72 (vCyclin), ORF 71 or ORFK13 (vFLIP), ORF 74 (vGPCR), ORF 16 (vBcl-2), ORF K2 (vIL-6), ORF K9 (vIRF 1)/ORF K10.5, ORF K10.6 (vIRF 3), ORF K1 (K1), ORF K15 (K15), and ORF 36 (vPK)] that have the potential to induce malignant phenotypic characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma. These oncogenes can be explored in prospective studies as future therapeutic targets of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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Harris BHL, Walsh JL, Neciunaite R, Manders P, Cooper A, De Souza P. Ring a ring o'roses, a patient with Kaposi's? Pazopanib, pazopanib, it might go away
. Mediterranean (classic) Kaposi sarcoma responds to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib after multiple lines of standard therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:234-236. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. H. L. Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney Australia
- St. Anne's College; Oxford University; Oxford UK
| | | | | | - P. Manders
- Department of Medical Oncology; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney Australia
| | - A. Cooper
- Department of Medical Oncology; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney Australia
- Western Sydney University School of Medicine; Sydney Australia
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool; Sydney Australia
| | - P. De Souza
- Department of Medical Oncology; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney Australia
- Western Sydney University School of Medicine; Sydney Australia
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool; Sydney Australia
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Altering the Anti-inflammatory Lipoxin Microenvironment: a New Insight into Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Pathogenesis. J Virol 2016; 90:11020-11031. [PMID: 27681120 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01491-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins are host anti-inflammatory molecules that play a vital role in restoring tissue homeostasis. The efficacy of lipoxins and their analog epilipoxins in treating inflammation and its associated diseases has been well documented. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are two well-known inflammation related diseases caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Controlling inflammation is one of the strategies adopted to treat KS and PEL, a primary motivation for exploring and evaluating the therapeutic potential of using lipoxins. This study documents how KSHV manipulates and downregulates the secretion of the anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in host cells and the viral factors involved in this process using in vitro KS and PEL cells as models. The presence of the lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptidyl receptor (ALX/FPR) in KS patient tissue sections and in vitro KS and PEL cell models offers a novel possibility for treating KS and PEL with lipoxins. Treating de novo KSHV-infected endothelial cells with lipoxin and epilipoxin creates an anti-inflammatory environment by decreasing the levels of NF-κB, AKT, ERK1/2, COX-2, and 5-lipoxygenase. Lipoxin treatment on CRISPR/CAS9 technology-mediated ALX/FPR gene deletion revealed the importance of the lipoxin receptor ALX for effective lipoxin signaling. A viral microRNA (miRNA) cluster was identified as the primary factor contributing to the downregulation of lipoxin A4 secretion in host cells. The KSHV miRNA cluster probably targets enzyme 15-lipoxygenase, which is involved in lipoxin A4 synthesis. This study provides a new insight into the potential treatment of KS and PEL using nature's own anti-inflammatory molecule, lipoxin. IMPORTANCE KSHV infection has been shown to upregulate several host proinflammatory factors, which aid in its survival and pathogenesis. The influence of KSHV infection on anti-inflammatory molecules is not well studied. Since current treatment methods for KS and PEL are fraught with unwanted side effects and low efficiency, the search for new therapeutics is therefore imperative. The use of nature's own molecule lipoxin as a drug is promising. This study opens up new domains in KSHV research focusing on how the virus modulates lipoxin secretion and warrants further investigation of the therapeutic potential of lipoxin using in vitro cell models for KS and PEL.
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Abstract
An effective host defense mechanism involves inflammation to eliminate pathogens from the site of infection, followed by the resolution of inflammation and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lipoxins are endogenous anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving molecules that play a vital role in reducing excessive tissue injury and chronic inflammation. In this review, the mechanisms of action of lipoxins at the site of inflammation and their interaction with other cellular signaling molecules and transcription factors are discussed. Emphasis has also been placed on immune modulatory role(s) of lipoxins. Lipoxins regulate components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems including neutrophils, macrophages, T-, and B-cells. Lipoxins also modulate levels of various transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB, activator protein-1, nerve growth factor-regulated factor 1A binding protein 1, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and control the expression of many inflammatory genes. Since lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins have clinical relevance, we discuss their important role in clinical research to treat a wide range of diseases like inflammatory disorders, renal fibrosis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer. A brief overview of lipoxins in viral malignancies and viral pathogenesis especially the unexplored role of lipoxins in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus biology is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree A Chandrasekharan
- HM Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- HM Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Cho HJ, Jeong SG, Park JE, Han JA, Kang HR, Lee D, Song MJ. Antiviral activity of angelicin against gammaherpesviruses. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:75-83. [PMID: 23892155 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human gammaherpesviruses including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are important pathogens as they persist in the host and cause various malignancies. However, few antiviral drugs are available to efficiently control gammaherpesvirus replication. Here we identified the antiviral activity of angelicin against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), genetically and biologically related to human gammaherpesviruses. Angelicin, a furocoumarin naturally occurring tricyclic aromatic compound, efficiently inhibited lytic replication of MHV-68 in a dose-dependent manner following the virus entry. The IC50 of angelicin antiviral activity was estimated to be 28.95μM, while the CC50 of angelicin was higher than 2600μM. Furthermore, incubation with angelicin efficiently inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced lytic replication of human gammaherpresviruses in both EBV- and KSHV-infected cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MHV-68 can be a useful tool to screen novel antiviral agents against human gammaherepsviruses and that angelicin may provide a lead structure for the development of antiviral drug against gammaherpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Effects of triterpene derivatives from Maytenus rigida on VEGF-induced Kaposi's sarcoma cell proliferation. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:450-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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