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Pourcelot M, da Silva Moraes RA, Lacour S, Fablet A, Caignard G, Vitour D. Activation of Inflammasome during Bluetongue Virus Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:801. [PMID: 37375491 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Sedoreoviridae family, provokes an economically important disease in ruminants. In this study, we show that the production of activated caspase-1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is induced in BTV-infected cells. This response seems to require virus replication since a UV-inactivated virus is unable to activate this pathway. In NLRP3-/- cells, BTV could not trigger further IL-1β synthesis, indicating that it occurs through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Interestingly, we observed differential activation levels in bovine endothelial cells depending on the tissue origin. In particular, inflammasome activation was stronger in umbilical cord cells, suggesting that these cells are more prone to induce the inflammasome upon BTV infection. Finally, the strength of the inflammasome activation also depends on the BTV strain, which points to the importance of viral origin in inflammasome modulation. This work reports the crucial role of BTV in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and further shows that this activation relies on BTV replication, strains, and cell types, thus providing new insights into BTV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pourcelot
- UMR Virologie, Laboratory for Animal Health, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rayane Amaral da Silva Moraes
- UMR Virologie, Laboratory for Animal Health, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Lacour
- UMR Virologie, Laboratory for Animal Health, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurore Fablet
- UMR Virologie, Laboratory for Animal Health, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Grégory Caignard
- UMR Virologie, Laboratory for Animal Health, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR Virologie, Laboratory for Animal Health, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Rojas JM, Avia M, Martín V, Sevilla N. Inhibition of the IFN Response by Bluetongue Virus: The Story So Far. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692069. [PMID: 34168637 PMCID: PMC8217435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototypical orbivirus that belongs to the Reoviridae family. BTV infection produces a disease in ruminants, particularly in sheep, that results in economic losses through reduced productivity. BTV is transmitted by the bite of Culicoides spp. midges and is nowadays distributed globally throughout subtropical and even temperate regions. As most viruses, BTV is susceptible to the IFN response, the first line of defense employed by the immune system to combat viral infections. In turn, BTV has evolved strategies to counter the IFN response and promote its replication. The present review we will revise the works describing how BTV interferes with the IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Avia
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Labadie T, Sullivan E, Roy P. Multiple Routes of Bluetongue Virus Egress. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E965. [PMID: 32605099 PMCID: PMC7409164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne virus infecting livestock. Its frequent emergence in Europe and North America had caused significant agricultural and economic loss. BTV is also of scientific interest as a model to understand the mechanisms underlying non-enveloped virus release from mammalian and insect cells. The BTV particle, which is formed of a complex double-layered capsid, was first considered as a lytic virus that needs to lyse the infected cells for cell to cell transmission. In the last decade, however, a more in-depth focus on the role of the non-structural proteins has led to several examples where BTV particles are also released through different budding mechanisms at the plasma membrane. It is now clear that the non-structural protein NS3 is the main driver of BTV release, via different interactions with both viral and cellular proteins of the cell sorting and exocytosis pathway. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the molecular biology of BTV egress and compare the mechanisms that lead to lytic or non-lytic BTV release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Polly Roy
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (T.L.); (E.S.)
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Labadie T, Jegouic S, Roy P. Bluetongue Virus Nonstructural Protein 3 Orchestrates Virus Maturation and Drives Non-Lytic Egress via Two Polybasic Motifs. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121107. [PMID: 31795485 PMCID: PMC6949946 DOI: 10.3390/v11121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne virus that infects domestic and wild ruminants. The virion is a non-enveloped double-layered particle with an outer capsid that encloses a core containing the segmented double-stranded RNA genome. Although BTV is canonically released by cell lysis, it also exits non-lytically. In infected cells, the BTV nonstructural glycoprotein 3 (NS3) is found to be associated with host membranes and traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. This suggests a role for NS3 in BTV particle maturation and non-lytic egress. However, the mechanism by which NS3 coordinates these events has not yet been elucidated. Here, we identified two polybasic motifs (PMB1/PMB2), consistent with the membrane binding. Using site-directed mutagenesis, confocal and electron microscopy, and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that PBM1 and PBM2 mutant viruses retained NS3 either in the Golgi apparatus or in the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a distinct role for each motif. Mutation of PBM2 motif decreased NS3 export to the cell surface and virus production. However, both mutant viruses produced predominantly inner core particles that remained close to their site of assembly. Together, our data demonstrates that correct trafficking of the NS3 protein is required for virus maturation and release.
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MOHANTY NN, YOGISHARADHYA R, SHIVACHANDRA SB. Immunogenicity of recombinant outer membrane protein (OmpW) of Pasteurella multocida serogroup B:2 in mouse model. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i10.94999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup B:2, in cattle and buffalo especially in tropical regions of Asian and African countries, is known to possess several outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as virulent factors which are being targeted to evaluate their immunogenicity and protective efficacy as candidate antigens for vaccine. In the present study, ompW gene encoding for OmpW protein of P. multocida serogroup B:2 strain P52, an Indian HS vaccine strain, has been cloned and over-expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli. The recombinant OmpW fusion protein (~37 kDa) including histidine tag was purified by affinity chromatography under denaturing condition and confirmed by Western blotting. Further, mice immunized with rOmpW (50μg/ dose) along with FCA/FIA resulted in antigen specific IgG antibodies as well as subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a). The study indicated the potential possibilities to use the rOmpW antigen in developing subunit vaccine for HS as well as other diseases caused by members of Pasteurellaceae.
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Chacko N, Biswas SK, Mohanty NN, Chand K, Pandey AB, Mondal B, Shivachandra SB. Comparative immuno-reactivity of recombinant non-structural protein 2 fragments (N- and C- terminus) to detect bluetongue viral antibodies in small ruminant serum samples. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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CHACKO N, BISWAS SK, MOHANTY NN, CHAND K, MONDAL B, PANDEY AB, SHIVACHANDRA SB. Immuno-reactivity of recombinant non-structural protein 3 N-terminus (rNS3Nt) in indirect-ELISA for detection of bluetongue viral antibodies in serum samples. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i11.75822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue, an arthropod borne non-contagious disease of ruminants especially sheep, is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). Detection of BTV antibodies in susceptible hosts is considered to be of significance in disease diagnosis and differentiation. In the present study, a partial NS3 gene encoding for non-structural protein-3 N-terminus (1MT117 aa) of BTV-23, produced as purified recombinant NS3Nt fusion protein (~32 kDa) using prokaryotic expression system (Escherichia coli), was evaluated as a candidate antigen in an indirect-ELISA (rNS3Nt-ELISA) to measure the serologic response to NS3 protein in small ruminants. The rNS3Nt fusion protein obtained in sufficient quantity and quality has good reactivity in detecting NS3 specific antibodies in field serum samples by indirect-ELISA. As NS3 protein is highly conserved, rNS3Nt-ELISA has potential for NS3 specific detection of antibodies in BTV affected animals irrespective of different viral serotypes. In comparison to structural protein (VP7) based c-ELISA kit and i-ELISA kit, the diagnostic sensitivity (85.1%, 86.2%) and specificity (92.5%, 93.2%) of rNS3Nt-ELISA were found to be relatively lower, respectively. Nevertheless, the study indicated the potential utility of rNS3Nt-ELISA as an alternate assay in routine sero-diagnosis of BTV infection and possible sero-surveillance of ruminants under DIVA strategy.
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Functional characterization of recombinant major envelope protein (rB2L) of orf virus. Arch Virol 2016; 162:953-962. [PMID: 27995337 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Orf, or contagious ecthyma, a highly contagious transboundary disease of sheep and goats, is caused by a double-stranded DNA virus (ORFV) belonging to the genus Parapoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. The ORFV genome encodes the major envelope proteins B2L and F1L, which have been found to be highly immunogenic and have multiple functional characteristics. In order to investigate the functional properties of the B2L protein, in this study, the B2L gene of ORFV strain 59/05, encoding recombinant mature B2L (aa 1M-D334), was produced as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The functional characteristics of purified rB2L fusion protein (~60 kDa) were evaluated in vivo and in vitro, showing that this protein had lipase and immunomodulatory activities. Immunization trials involving laboratory animals (mice, rabbits and guinea pigs) using either constant or graded doses of rB2L fusion protein with or without adjuvants (FCA, alum) as well as co-administration with candidate rErns-Ag protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) indicated that the rB2L protein is immunogenic and has immunomodulatory properties. This study shows the potential utility of the rB2L protein as a safe and novel adjuvant in veterinary vaccine formulations.
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Mohanty NN, Chacko N, Biswas SK, Chand K, Pandey AB, Mondal B, Hemadri D, Shivachandra SB. Production of recombinant non-structural protein-3 hydrophobic domain deletion (NS3ΔHD) protein of bluetongue virus from prokaryotic expression system as an efficient diagnostic reagent. Biologicals 2016; 44:352-9. [PMID: 27448505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnostics for bluetongue (BT), which is an infectious, non-contagious and arthropod-borne virus disease of ruminants, are primarily dependent on availability of high quality native or recombinant antigen(s) based on either structural/non-structural proteins in sufficient quantity. Non-structural proteins (NS1-NS4) of BT virus are presumed candidate antigens in development of DIVA diagnostics. In the present study, NS3 fusion gene encoding for NS3 protein containing the N- and C-termini with a deletion of two hydrophobic domains (118A to S141 aa and 162S to A182 aa) and intervening variable central domain (142D to K161 aa) of bluetongue virus 23 was constructed, cloned and over-expressed using prokaryotic expression system. The recombinant NS3ΔHD fusion protein (∼38 kDa) including hexa-histidine tag on its both termini was found to be non-cytotoxic to recombinant Escherichia coli cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The purified rNS3ΔHD fusion protein was found to efficiently detect BTV-NS3 specific antibodies in indirect-ELISA format with diagnostic sensitivity (DSn = 94.4%) and specificity (DSp = 93.9%). The study indicated the potential utility of rNS3ΔHD fusion protein as candidate diagnostic reagent in developing an indirect-ELISA for sero-surveillance of animals for BTV antibodies under DIVA strategy, wherever monovalent/polyvalent killed BT vaccine formulations devoid of NS proteins are being practiced for immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Nalini Mohanty
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Nirmal Chacko
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Sanchay Kumar Biswas
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Karam Chand
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Awadh Bihari Pandey
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Bimalendu Mondal
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India
| | - Sathish Bhadravati Shivachandra
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Campus, Mukteswar, 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand (UK), India.
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