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Nichkerdar K, Heydarnejad J, Massumi H. Vector transmission of parsley yellow leaf curl virus by the leafhopper Austroagallia sinuata. Arch Virol 2024; 169:93. [PMID: 38592561 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Parsley yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) is a new member of the family Geminiviridae that has not yet been assigned to an established genus due to limited information about its biological properties. In this study, the ability of Austroagallia leafhoppers, which are commonly found on vegetable farms in Kerman province (Iran), to transmit this virus was studied. After a two-day acquisition access period, Austroagallia sp. successfully transmitted the virus from PYLCV-infected parsley to healthy seedlings. On the basis of male genitalia morphology, the species of leafhopper was identified as A. sinuata. This is the first report of a transmission of plant virus by a member of the genus Austroagallia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nichkerdar
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
| | - Jahangir Heydarnejad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran.
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran.
| | - Hossain Massumi
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
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Ebrahimi S, Eini O, Baßler A, Hanke A, Yildirim Z, Wassenegger M, Krczal G, Uslu VV. Beet Curly Top Iran Virus Rep and V2 Suppress Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing via Distinct Modes of Action. Viruses 2023; 15:1996. [PMID: 37896771 PMCID: PMC10611197 DOI: 10.3390/v15101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a yield-limiting geminivirus belonging to the becurtovirus genus. The genome organization of BCTIV is unique such that the complementary strand of BCTIV resembles Mastrevirus, whereas the virion strand organization is similar to the Curtovirus genus. Geminiviruses are known to avoid the plant defense system by suppressing the RNA interference mechanisms both at the transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) levels. Multiple geminivirus genes have been identified as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR) but VSR activity remains mostly elusive in becurtoviruses. We found that BCTIV-V2 and -Rep could suppress specific Sense-PTGS mechanisms with distinct efficiencies depending on the nature of the silencing inducer and the target gene. Local silencing induced by GFP inverted repeat (IR) could not be suppressed by V2 but was partially reduced by Rep. Accordingly, we documented that Rep but not V2 could suppress systemic silencing induced by GFP-IR. In addition, we showed that the VSR activity of Rep was partly regulated by RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6), whereas the VSR activity of V2 was independent of RDR6. Domain mapping for Rep showed that an intact Rep protein was required for the suppression of PTGS. In summary, we showed that BCTIV-Rep and -V2 function as silencing suppressors with distinct modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Ebrahimi
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 313, Iran
| | - Omid Eini
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 313, Iran
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute for Sugar Beet Research, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Baßler
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Arvid Hanke
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
- MAPS, COS, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zeynep Yildirim
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Michael Wassenegger
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Gabi Krczal
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Veli Vural Uslu
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
- MAPS, COS, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Su CF, Das D, Muhammad Aslam M, Xie JQ, Li XY, Chen MX. Eukaryotic splicing machinery in the plant-virus battleground. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1793. [PMID: 37198737 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant virual infections are mainly caused by plant-virus parasitism which affects ecological communities. Some viruses are highly pathogen specific that can infect only specific plants, while some can cause widespread harm, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). After a virus infects the host, undergoes a series of harmful effects, including the destruction of host cell membrane receptors, changes in cell membrane components, cell fusion, and the production of neoantigens on the cell surface. Therefore, competition between the host and the virus arises. The virus starts gaining control of critical cellular functions of the host cells and ultimately affects the fate of the targeted host plants. Among these critical cellular processes, alternative splicing (AS) is an essential posttranscriptional regulation process in RNA maturation, which amplify host protein diversity and manipulates transcript abundance in response to plant pathogens. AS is widespread in nearly all human genes and critical in regulating animal-virus interactions. In particular, an animal virus can hijack the host splicing machinery to re-organize its compartments for propagation. Changes in AS are known to cause human disease, and various AS events have been reported to regulate tissue specificity, development, tumour proliferation, and multi-functionality. However, the mechanisms underlying plant-virus interactions are poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how viruses interact with their plant hosts compared with humans, analyze currently used and putative candidate agrochemicals to treat plant-viral infections, and finally discussed the potential research hotspots in the future. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Su
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Qin Xie
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Bahari A, Castillo AG, Safaie N, Bejarano ER, Luna AP, Shams-Bakhsh M. Functional Analysis of V2 Protein of Beet Curly Top Iran Virus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3351. [PMID: 36501393 PMCID: PMC9736138 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Geminivirus beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is one of the main causal agents of the beet curly top disease in Iran and the newly established Becurtovirus genus type species. Although the biological features of known becurtoviruses are similar to those of curtoviruses, they only share a limited sequence identity, and no information is available on the function of their viral genes. In this work, we demonstrate that BCTIV V2, as the curtoviral V2, is also a local silencing suppressor in Nicotiana benthamiana and can delay the systemic silencing spreading, although it cannot block the cell-to-cell movement of the silencing signal to adjacent cells. BCTIV V2 shows the same subcellular localization as curtoviral V2, being detected in the nucleus and perinuclear region, and its ectopic expression from a PVX-derived vector also causes the induction of necrotic lesions in N. benthamiana, such as the ones produced during the HR, both at the local and systemic levels. The results from the infection of N. benthamiana with a V2 BCTIV mutant showed that V2 is required for systemic infection, but not for viral replication, in a local infection. Considering all these results, we can conclude that BCTIV V2 is a functional homologue of curtoviral V2 and plays a crucial role in viral pathogenicity and systemic movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Bahari
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran 336-14115, Iran
| | - Araceli G. Castillo
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Naser Safaie
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran 336-14115, Iran
| | - Eduardo R. Bejarano
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana P. Luna
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Masoud Shams-Bakhsh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran 336-14115, Iran
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The Rep and C1 of Beet curly top Iran virus represent pathogenicity factors and induce hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Virus Genes 2022; 58:550-559. [PMID: 35960462 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a member of the genus Becurtovirus (Family Geminiviridae) with a circular single-strand DNA genome. BCTIV causes leaf curling and vein swelling symptoms in plants. However, the potential pathogenicity factor/s in BCTIV is/are not known. This study presents characterization of complementary-sense transcripts of BCTIV and the viral factors in directing the pathogenicity and hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In both local and systemic infection, splicing of the complementary transcripts of BCTIV was observed. Notably, a small number (8.3%) of transcripts were spliced to produce Rep (C1:C2) transcripts after deletion of 155 nt (position 1892-2046 from BCTIV). Expression of BCTIV genes in N. benthamiana using tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vector showed that Rep together with C1 are the main pathogenicity factors which cause typical viral leaf curling symptoms. In addition, the V2 caused a mild leaf curling, thickening, and asymmetric leaves, while the V1, V3, and C2 had no clear effect on the plant phenotype. Transient expression of individual viral genes showed that both the C1 and Rep trigger a HR response in N. benthamiana. The higher expression of HR marker genes, harpin-induced 1 (Hin1) and hypersensitivity-related (Hsr203JI), supported the role of C1 and Rep in HR response in plants. It is concluded that Rep and C1 are the main pathogenicity factors that also trigger HR response in plants.
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Vaghi Medina CG, Teppa E, Bornancini VA, Flores CR, Marino-Buslje C, López Lambertini PM. Tomato Apical Leaf Curl Virus: A Novel, Monopartite Geminivirus Detected in Tomatoes in Argentina. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2665. [PMID: 29375528 PMCID: PMC5770407 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses that are members of the Geminiviridae family have circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome and are responsible for major crop diseases worldwide. We have identified and characterized a novel monopartite geminivirus infecting tomato in Argentina. The full-length genome was cloned and sequenced. The genome-wide pairwise identity calculation that resulted in a maximum of 63% identity with all of other known geminiviruses indicated that it is a new geminivirus species. Biolistic infected plants presented interveinal yellowing, apical leaf curling and extreme root hypotrophy. Thus, the name proposed for this species is tomato apical leaf curl virus (ToALCV). The phylogenetic inferences suggested different evolutionary relationships for the replication-associated protein (Rep) and the coat protein (CP). Besides, the sequence similarity network (SSN) protein analyses showed that the complementary-sense gene products (RepA, Rep and C3) are similar to capulavirus while the viron-sense gene products (CP, MP and V3) are similar to topocuvirus, curtovirus and becurtovirus. Based on the data presented, ToALCV genome appears to have “modular organization” supported by its recombination origin. Analyses of the specificity-determining positions (SDPs) of the CP of geminiviruses defined nine subgroups that include geminiviruses that share the same type of insect vector. Our sequences were clustered with the sequences of topocuvirus, whose vector is the treehopper, Micrutalis malleifera. Also, a set of the highest scored amino acid residues was predicted for the CP, which could determine differences in virus transmission specificity. We predict that a treehopper could be the vector of ToALCV, but transmission assays need to be performed to confirm this. Given everything we demonstrate in this paper, ToALCV can be considered a type member of a new putative genus of the Geminiviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Vaghi Medina
- Area de Interacción Planta-Patógeno-Vector, Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciónes Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elin Teppa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica A Bornancini
- Area de Interacción Planta-Patógeno-Vector, Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciónes Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ceferino R Flores
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Yuto, Argentina
| | - Cristina Marino-Buslje
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M López Lambertini
- Area de Interacción Planta-Patógeno-Vector, Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciónes Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Varsani A, Roumagnac P, Fuchs M, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, Idris A, Briddon RW, Rivera-Bustamante R, Murilo Zerbini F, Martin DP. Capulavirus and Grablovirus: two new genera in the family Geminiviridae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1819-1831. [PMID: 28213872 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant-infecting single-stranded DNA viruses that occur in most parts of the world. Currently, there are seven genera within the family Geminiviridae (Becurtovirus, Begomovirus, Curtovirus, Eragrovirus, Mastrevirus, Topocuvirus and Turncurtovirus). The rate of discovery of new geminiviruses has increased significantly over the last decade as a result of new molecular tools and approaches (rolling-circle amplification and deep sequencing) that allow for high-throughput workflows. Here, we report the establishment of two new genera: Capulavirus, with four new species (Alfalfa leaf curl virus, Euphorbia caput-medusae latent virus, French bean severe leaf curl virus and Plantago lanceolata latent virus), and Grablovirus, with one new species (Grapevine red blotch virus). The aphid species Aphis craccivora has been shown to be a vector for Alfalfa leaf curl virus, and the treehopper species Spissistilus festinus is the likely vector of Grapevine red blotch virus. In addition, two highly divergent groups of viruses found infecting citrus and mulberry plants have been assigned to the new species Citrus chlorotic dwarf associated virus and Mulberry mosaic dwarf associated virus, respectively. These species have been left unassigned to a genus by the ICTV because their particle morphology and insect vectors are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287-5001, AZ, USA. .,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Philippe Roumagnac
- CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, UMR BGPI, Campus International de Montferrier-Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex-5, France
| | - Marc Fuchs
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Moriones
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ali Idris
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0107, USA
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafael Rivera-Bustamante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, 36821, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Group, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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