1
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Nunes JM, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Herpesvirus Infection of Endothelial Cells as a Systemic Pathological Axis in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Viruses 2024; 16:572. [PMID: 38675914 PMCID: PMC11053605 DOI: 10.3390/v16040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is critical for advancing treatment options. This review explores the novel hypothesis that a herpesvirus infection of endothelial cells (ECs) may underlie ME/CFS symptomatology. We review evidence linking herpesviruses to persistent EC infection and the implications for endothelial dysfunction, encompassing blood flow regulation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment-symptoms consistent with ME/CFS and Long COVID. This paper provides a synthesis of current research on herpesvirus latency and reactivation, detailing the impact on ECs and subsequent systemic complications, including latent modulation and long-term maladaptation. We suggest that the chronicity of ME/CFS symptoms and the multisystemic nature of the disease may be partly attributable to herpesvirus-induced endothelial maladaptation. Our conclusions underscore the necessity for further investigation into the prevalence and load of herpesvirus infection within the ECs of ME/CFS patients. This review offers conceptual advances by proposing an endothelial infection model as a systemic mechanism contributing to ME/CFS, steering future research toward potentially unexplored avenues in understanding and treating this complex syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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2
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Lee S, Affandi J, Waters S, Price P. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:13-24. [PMID: 36622943 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are often asymptomatic in healthy adults but can be severe in people with a compromised immune system. While several studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular disease in older adults and HCMV seropositivity, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We review evidence published within the last 5 years establishing how HCMV can contribute directly and indirectly to the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss associations between HCMV infection and cardiovascular outcomes in populations with a high or very high burden of HCMV, including patients with renal or autoimmune disease, transplant recipients, and people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacquita Affandi
- Curtin School of Population Health; Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Waters
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Golshan M. Cytomegalovirus microRNAs level determination in kidney recipients post transplantation. Virol J 2022; 19:147. [PMID: 36096838 PMCID: PMC9465962 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can establish a latent infection with periodic or sporadic reactivation after the first infection happens. Primary and recurrent infection, results in different problems in patients with impaired or immature immune systems, such as kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are important regulatory molecules in the outcome of CMV-infected KTRs. Therefore, in this study the expression level of CMV miRNAs were evaluated in active vs. latent CMV infected KTRs. METHODS Expression of viral miRNAs were studied in 61 KTRs which were divided into 30 active CMV and 31 latent CMV infected individuals. In order to study the expression level of selected miRNAs, SYBR Green Real-time PCR technique was exploited. Also, mature miRNAs expression level that were produced from one precursor, studied both in active and latent situations. RESULTS Among studied miRNAs' expression level, CMV miR-UL112-3p/5p, -UL22A-3p/5p, -US25-1-5p, -US25-2-3p/5p, -UL36-3p/5p and -UL70-3p showed significant increase in active CMV infected KTRs in comparison to latent ones. The ROC curve analysis results for miR-UL112-3p, -UL22A-3p, -US25-2-3p, -UL36-3p and -UL70-3p showed significant difference between two studied patient groups. CONCLUSION This study revealed an extremely high expression level in CMV miR-UL112-3p/5p, -UL22A-3p/5p, -US25-1-5p, -US25-2-3p/5p, -UL36-3p/5p and -UL70-3p in active CMV infected KTRs in comparison to latent ones. Further studies might help in finding the capability of miRNAs to differentiate active from latent stage of CMV infection in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Golshan
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Cristescu CV, Alain S, Ruță SM. The Role of CMV Infection in Primary Lesions, Development and Clinical Expression of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133832. [PMID: 35807114 PMCID: PMC9267753 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of deaths related to cardiovascular disease is increasing every year, despite all available therapies and the aggressive campaigns for lifestyle modification and prevention of risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a complex process underlying cardiovascular disease. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is often associated to atherosclerosis and its clinical expression such as coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease. CMV infection may promote acute atherosis within placentas from women with preeclampsia and it may also accelerate atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and organ-transplanted patients. This review focuses on the current scientific evidence for the role of CMV infection in the development of acute atherosis and atherosclerosis from placentation throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valentina Cristescu
- School of Advanced Studies of the Romanian Academy (SCOSAAR), Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Cytomegalovirus Research, UMR 1092, 87042 Limoges, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sophie Alain
- National Center for Cytomegalovirus Research, UMR 1092, 87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Simona Maria Ruță
- Virology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Yu Z, Wang J, Nan F, Shi W, Zhang X, Jiang S, Wang B. Human Cytomegalovirus Induced Aberrant Expression of Non-coding RNAs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:918213. [PMID: 35770158 PMCID: PMC9234646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.918213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus whose genome consists of double stranded linear DNA. HCMV genome can generate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) through transcription in its host cells. Besides that, HCMV infection also changes the ncRNAs expression profile of the host cells. ncRNAs play a key role in maintaining the normal physiological activity of cells, and the disorder of ncRNAs expression has numerous adverse effects on cells. However, until now, the relationship between ncRNAs and HCMV-induced adverse effects are not summarized in detail. This review aims to give a systematic summary of the role of HCMV infection in ncRNAs expression while providing insights into the molecular mechanism of unnormal cellular events caused by ncRNAs disorder. ncRNAs disorder induced by HCMV infection is highly associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and immune regulation, as well as the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the potential role of biomarker. We summarize the studies on HCMV associated ncRNAs disorder and suggest innovative strategies for eliminating the adverse effects caused by HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Oral Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Fulong Nan
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyi Shi
- Oral Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang,
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Jia Z, Liu L, Zhang S, Zhao X, Luo L, Tang Y, Shen B, Chen M. Proteomics changes after negative pressure wound therapy in diabetic foot ulcers. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:834. [PMID: 34608502 PMCID: PMC8503750 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was used to analyze the differences in the granulation tissue protein expression profiles of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) before and after negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to understand how NPWT promotes the healing of diabetic foot wounds. A total of three patients with DFUs hospitalized for Wagner grade 3 were enrolled. The patients received NPWT for one week. The granulation tissue samples of the patients prior to and following NPWT for one week were collected. The protein expression profiles were analyzed with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the DFU patients prior to and following NPWT for one week were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were conducted to annotate the DEPs and DEP-associated signaling pathways. Western blotting and ELISA were performed to validate the results. By comparing the differences in the protein profiles of granulation tissue samples prior to and following NPWT for one week, 36 proteins with significant differences were identified (P<0.05); 33 of these proteins were upregulated and three proteins were downregulated. NPWT altered proteins mainly associated with antioxidation and detoxification, the cytoskeleton, regulation of the inflammatory response, complement and coagulation cascades and lipid metabolism. The functional validation of the DEPs demonstrated that the levels of cathepsin S in peripheral blood and granulation tissue were significantly lower than those prior to NPWT (P<0.05), while the levels of protein S isoform 1, inter α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 and peroxiredoxin-2 in peripheral blood and granulation tissue were significantly higher than those prior to NPWT (P<0.05). The present study identified multiple novel proteins altered by NPWT and laid a foundation for further studies investigating the mechanism of action of NPWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yizhong Tang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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7
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Singh L, Sharma S, Xu S, Tewari D, Fang J. Curcumin as a Natural Remedy for Atherosclerosis: A Pharmacological Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134036. [PMID: 34279384 PMCID: PMC8272048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound present in Curcuma longa L. rhizomes, shows potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Atherosclerosis is a comprehensive term for a series of degenerative and hyperplasic lesions such as thickening or sclerosis in large- and medium-sized arteries, causing decreased vascular-wall elasticity and lumen diameter. Atherosclerotic cerebro-cardiovascular disease has become a major concern for human health in recent years due to its clinical sequalae of strokes and heart attacks. Curcumin concoction treatment modulates several important signaling pathways related to cellular migration, proliferation, cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and gene transcription, among other relevant actions. Here, we provide an overview of curcumin in atherosclerosis prevention and disclose the underlying mechanisms of action of its anti-atherosclerotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Singh
- Centre of Biodiversity Conservation & Management, G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora 263643, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Shikha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230037, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Devesh Tewari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.T.); (J.F.)
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8
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Fernández-Moreno R, Torre-Cisneros J, Cantisán S. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded microRNAs: potential biomarkers and clinical applications. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2194-2202. [PMID: 34039247 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1930757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HCMV-encoded microRNAs (hcmv-miRNAs) are non-coding and non-immunogenic molecules that target numerous cellular genes and allow the virus to modulate the host's signalling pathways, thus favouring viral survival and replication. Given their capacity to silence the human genes involved in various physiological processes, these hcmv-miRNAs have now emerged as a potential clinical biomarker in many human diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence published on the diagnostic and prognostic value of hcmv-miRNAs in several human diseases and their clinical implications. Specifically, we discuss the role of hcmv-miRNAs in the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer by silencing tumour suppressors. We also examine the current knowledge on the utility of some hcmv-miRNAs in predicting HCMV viraemia recurrence in transplant patients, as well as the interference of hcmv-miRNAs in the development of an appropriate immune response against other viral infections, which might have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba (Imibic)/reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julián Torre-Cisneros
- Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba (Imibic)/reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofía Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sara Cantisán
- Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba (Imibic)/reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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9
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Zhou W, Xi D, Shi Y, Wang L, Zhong H, Huang Z, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lu N, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Pei J, Tang N, He F. MicroRNA‑1929‑3p participates in murine cytomegalovirus‑induced hypertensive vascular remodeling through Ednra/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:719-731. [PMID: 33416142 PMCID: PMC7797461 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development of vascular remodeling in essential hypertension (EH) by mediating the effects of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on the vascular system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection on blood pressure and vascular function in mice, in order to elucidate the role of miR‑1929‑3p in this process. For model development, 7‑month‑old C57BL/6J mice were infected with the Smith strain of MCMV, and MCMV DNA, IgG and IgM were detected. Subsequently, blood pressure was measured via the carotid artery, and the morphological changes of the aorta were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. miR‑1929‑3p transfection was performed using an adeno‑associated virus packaged vector and the changes in vascular structure were then observed. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial NO synthase were also assessed with colorimetry. Vascular remodeling and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway‑related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Endothelin‑1 (ET‑1), interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑18 were assayed by ELISA. The results revealed that MCMV infection increased the blood pressure, promoted vascular remodeling, caused endothelial cell injury, and downregulated miR‑1929‑3p. However, these effects were alleviated by miR‑1929‑3p overexpression, which downregulated endothelin A receptor (Ednra) and NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as endothelial injury‑ and vascular remodeling‑related genes. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that overexpression of miR‑1929‑3p may improve MCMV‑induced vascular remodeling, possibly via the deactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by ET‑1/Ednra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Yunzhong Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Lamei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Yongjia Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Pei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University
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10
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Gallo A, Bulati M, Miceli V, Amodio N, Conaldi PG. Non-Coding RNAs: Strategy for Viruses' Offensive. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030038. [PMID: 32927786 PMCID: PMC7549346 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of viruses as a constant threat for human public health is a matter of fact and in this resides the need of understanding the mechanisms they use to trick the host. Viral non-coding RNAs are gaining much value and interest for the potential impact played in host gene regulation, acting as fine tuners of host cellular defense mechanisms. The implicit importance of v-ncRNAs resides first in the limited genomes size of viruses carrying only strictly necessary genomic sequences. The other crucial and appealing characteristic of v-ncRNAs is the non-immunogenicity, making them the perfect expedient to be used in the never-ending virus-host war. In this review, we wish to examine how DNA and RNA viruses have evolved a common strategy and which the crucial host pathways are targeted through v-ncRNAs in order to grant and facilitate their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Via E.Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-91-21-92-649
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Via E.Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Via E.Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Via E.Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.C.)
- UPMC Italy (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Italy), Discesa dei Giudici 4, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Zhu W, Liu S. The role of human cytomegalovirus in atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:339-353. [PMID: 32253424 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular disease with increasing morbidity and mortality year by year in modern society. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis. HCMV infection may accelerate graft atherosclerosis and the development of transplant vasculopathy in organ transplantation. However, our current understanding of HCMV-associated atherosclerosis remains limited and is mainly based on clinical observations. The underlying mechanism of the involvement of HCMV infection in atherogenesis remains unclear. Here, we summarized current knowledge regarding the multiple influences of HCMV on a diverse range of infected cells, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes, macrophages, and T cells. In addition, we described potential HCMV-induced molecular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and miRNA regulation, which are involved in the development of HCMV-associated atherogenesis. Gaining an improved understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCMV-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhu
- Clinical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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12
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Zhang L, Yu J, Liu Z. MicroRNAs expressed by human cytomegalovirus. Virol J 2020; 17:34. [PMID: 32164742 PMCID: PMC7069213 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length, which play an important role in gene regulation of both eukaryotes and viruses. They can promote RNA cleavage and repress translation via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules. Main body Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes a large number of miRNAs that regulate transcriptions of both host cells and themselves to favor viral infection and inhibit the host’s immune response. To date, ~ 26 mature HCMV miRNAs have been identified. Nevertheless, their roles in viral infection are ambiguous, and the mechanisms have not been fully revealed. Therefore, we discuss the methods used in HCMV miRNA research and summarize the important roles of HCMV miRNAs and their potential mechanisms in infection. Conclusions To study the miRNAs encoded by viruses and their roles in viral replication, expression, and infection will not only contribute to the planning of effective antiviral therapies, but also provide new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- Clinical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Clinical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Human cytomegalovirus promoting endothelial cell proliferation by targeting regulator of G-protein signaling 5 hypermethylation and downregulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2252. [PMID: 32041970 PMCID: PMC7010708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and environmental factors can increase susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH). Although endothelial dysfunction is the initial factor of EH, the epigenetic mechanisms through which HCMV infection induces endothelial cell dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether HCMV regulated endothelial cell function and assessed the underlying mechanisms. Microarray analysis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with HCMV AD169 strain in the presence of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia revealed differential expression of genes involved in hypertension. Further analyses validated that the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) gene was downregulated in infected HUVECs and showed that HCMV infection promoted HUVEC proliferation, whereas hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia inhibited HUVEC proliferation. Additionally, treatment with decitabine (DAC) and RGS5 reversed the effects of HCMV infection on HUVEC proliferation, but not triggered by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In summary, upregulation of RGS5 may be a promising treatment for preventing HCMV-induced hypertension.
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Lebedeva A, Maryukhnich E, Grivel JC, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Shpektor A. Productive Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Impaired Endothelial Function in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am J Med 2020; 133:133-142. [PMID: 31295440 PMCID: PMC6940528 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between productive cytomegalovirus infection and atherosclerosis was shown recently in several trials, including a previous study of ours. However, the mechanism involved in this association is still under investigation. Here, we addressed the interaction between productive cytomegalovirus infection and endothelial function in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS We analyzed the presence of cytomegaloviral DNA in plasma and endothelial function in 33 patients with STEMI and 33 volunteers without cardiovascular diseases, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a noninvasive test of flow-mediated dilation. RESULTS Both the frequency of presence and the load of cytomegaloviral DNA were higher in plasma of patients with STEMI than those in controls. This difference was independent of other cardiovascular risk factors (7.38 [1.36-40.07]; P = 0.02). The results of the flow-mediated dilation test were lower in patients in STEMI than in controls (5.0% [2.65%-3.09%] vs 12. %5 [7.5%-15.15%]; P = 0.004) and correlated negatively with the cytomegaloviral DNA load (Spearman R = -0.407; P = 0.019) independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Productive cytomegalovirus infection in patients with STEMI correlated negatively with endothelial function independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. The impact of cytomegalovirus on endothelial function may explain the role of cytomegalovirus in cardiovascular prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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Expression of human miR-200b-3p and -200c-3p in cytomegalovirus-infected tissues. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180961. [PMID: 30366960 PMCID: PMC6435554 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can cause inflammatory tissue-invasive end-organ diseases upon lytic replication. In humans, mature miR-200b-3p and -200c-3p suppress the synthesis of HCMV immediate early 2 (IE2) protein by binding to the 3′-UTR of the mRNA encoded by the unique long (UL) 122-123 region in human foreskin fibroblasts and pre-transplant peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with HCMV. The present study aimed to quantitate the expression of Homo sapiens (hsa)-miR-200b-3p and 200c-3p in HCMV-infected tissues. We collected 240 HCMV-infected and 154 HCMV-non-infected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bronchi/lungs. MiRNAs, HCMV, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were quantitated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) on the basis of standard curves generated using miRNA mimics, the HCMV strain from National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) 09/162, and GAPDH control. To avoid the effect of cell counts on the qRT-PCR and qPCR results, the data were normalized to GAPDH levels. HCMV-infected tissues had significantly lower levels of 200b-3p/GAPDH (3.03 ± 1.50 compared with 3.98 ± 1.08 log10 copies/μl, P<0.001) and 200c-3p/GAPDH (4.67 ± 1.84 compared with 6.35 ± 1.47 log10 copies/μl, P<0.001) than normal tissues. The values for 200b-3p/GAPDH (r = −0.51, P<0.001) and 200c-3p/GAPDH (r = −0.54, P<0.001) were significantly inversely correlated with HCMV load. Low tissue levels of 200b-3p and 200c-3p in humans are associated with cytopathic inflammation due to HCMV infection.
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Chen Z, Liu R, Niu Q, Wang H, Yang Z, Bao Y. Morphine Postconditioning alleviates autophage in ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury through up-regulating lncRNA UCA1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1357-1364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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