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Chen H, Ullah J, Jia J. Progress in Bacillus subtilis Spore Surface Display Technology towards Environment, Vaccine Development, and Biocatalysis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:159-167. [DOI: 10.1159/000475177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spore surface display is the most desirable with enhanced effects, low cost, less time consuming and the most promising technology for environmental, medical, and industrial development. Spores have various applications in industry due to their ability to survive in harsh industrial processes including heat resistance, alkaline tolerance, chemical tolerance, easy recovery, and reusability. Yeast and bacteria, including gram-positive and -negative, are the most frequently used organisms for the display of various proteins (eukaryotic and prokaryotic), but unlike spores, they can rupture easily due to nutritive properties, susceptibility to heat, pH, and chemicals. Hence, spores are the best choice to avoid these problems, and they have various applications over nonspore formers due to amenability for laboratory purposes. Various strains of <i>Clostridium</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> are spore formers, but the most suitable choice for display is <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> because, according to the WHO, it is safe to humans and considered as “GRAS” (generally recognized as safe). This review focuses on the application of spore surface display towards industries, vaccine development, the environment, and peptide library construction, with cell surface display for enhanced protein expression and high enzymatic activity. Different vectors, coat proteins, and statistical analyses can be used for linker selection to obtain greater expression and high activity of the displayed protein.
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Effect of Linker Length and Flexibility on the Clostridium thermocellum Esterase Displayed on Bacillus subtilis Spores. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:168-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chen H, Zhang T, Jia J, Vastermark A, Tian R, Ni Z, Chen Z, Chen K, Yang S. Expression and display of a novel thermostable esterase from Clostridium thermocellum on the surface of Bacillus subtilis using the CotB anchor protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Esterases expressed in microbial hosts are commercially valuable, but their applications are limited due to high costs of production and harsh industrial processes involved. In this study, the esterase-DSM (from Clostridium thermocellum) was expressed and successfully displayed on the spore surface, and the spore-associated esterase was confirmed by western blot analysis and activity measurements. The optimal temperature and pH of spore surface-displayed DSM was 60 and 8.5 °C, respectively. It also demonstrates a broad temperature and pH optimum in the range of 50–70, 7–9.5 °C. The spore surface-displayed esterase-DSM retained 78, 68 % of its original activity after 5 h incubation at 60 and 70 °C, respectively, which was twofold greater activity than that of the purified DSM. The recombinant spores has high activity and stability in DMSO, which was 49 % higher than the retained activity of the purified DSM in DMSO (20 % v/v), and retained 65.2 % of activity after 7 h of incubation in DMSO (20 % v/v). However, the recombinant spores could retain 77 % activity after 3 rounds of recycling. These results suggest that enzyme displayed on the surface of the Bacillus subtilis spore could serve as an effective approach for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayou Chen
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 10090 Beijing China
- grid.266100.3 0000000121074242 Division of Biological Sciences University of California at San Diego 92093-0116 La Jolla CA USA
| | - Tianxi Zhang
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jinru Jia
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ake Vastermark
- grid.266100.3 0000000121074242 Division of Biological Sciences University of California at San Diego 92093-0116 La Jolla CA USA
| | - Rui Tian
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhong Ni
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Keping Chen
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shengli Yang
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
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