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Yadav RC, Sharma SK, Varma A, Singh UB, Kumar A, Bhupenchandra I, Rai JP, Sharma PK, Singh HV. Zinc-solubilizing Bacillus spp. in conjunction with chemical fertilizers enhance growth, yield, nutrient content, and zinc biofortification in wheat crop. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1210938. [PMID: 37469421 PMCID: PMC10352851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is a serious health issue in resource-poor human populations worldwide, which is responsible for the death of millions of women and underage children in most developing countries. Zinc (Zn) malnutrition in middle- and lower-class families is rampant when daily calorie intake of staple cereals contains extremely low concentrations of micronutrients, especially Zn and Fe. Looking at the importance of the problem, the present investigation aimed to enhance the growth, yield, nutrient status, and biofortification of wheat crop by inoculation of native zinc-solubilizing Bacillus spp. in conjunction with soil-applied fertilizers (NPK) and zinc phosphate in saline soil. In this study, 175 bacterial isolates were recovered from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in the eastern parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India. These isolates were further screened for Zn solubilization potential using sparingly insoluble zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and zinc phosphate {Zn3(PO4)2} as a source of Zn under in vitro conditions. Of 175 bacterial isolates, 42 were found to solubilize either one or two or all the three insoluble Zn compounds, and subsequently, these isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on zone halo diameter, solubilization efficiency, and amount of solubilized zinc, six potential bacterial strains, i.e., Bacillus altitudinis AJW-3, B. subtilis ABW-30, B. megaterium CHW-22, B. licheniformis MJW-38, Brevibacillus borstelensis CHW-2, and B. xiamenensis BLW-7, were further shortlisted for pot- and field-level evaluation in wheat crop. The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that these inoculants not only increase plant growth but also enhance the yield and yield attributes. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation also enhanced available nutrients and microbial activity in the wheat rhizosphere under pot experiments. It was observed that the application of B. megaterium CHW-22 significantly increased the Zn content in wheat straw and grains along with other nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Cu, and Mn) followed by B. licheniformis MJW-38 as compared to other inoculants. By and large, similar observations were recorded under field conditions. Interestingly, when comparing the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of wheat, bacterial inoculants showed their potential in enhancing the NUE in a greater way, which was further confirmed by correlation and principal component analyses. This study apparently provides evidence of Zn biofortification in wheat upon bacterial inoculation in conjunction with chemical fertilizers and zinc phosphate in degraded soil under both nethouse and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra Yadav
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil K. Sharma
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tamenglong, Manipur, India
| | - Jai P. Rai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K. Sharma
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harsh V. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Puri R, Choudhary AK, Barman P, Mishra G, Geeta R. Two unusual conjugated fatty acids, parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid, are present in several Impatiens species, but not in congener Hydrocera triflora. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1109-1118. [PMID: 35722517 PMCID: PMC9203645 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in I. balsamina is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of Impatiens or its closest monotypic relative, Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of Impatiens and H. triflora and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in Impatiens were found to be palmitic (5.57-20.85%), stearic (2.86-21.61%), oleic (2.79-28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ9,12, 2.04-26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆9,12,15; 11.07-53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93-70.21%). Genus Impatiens contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related H. triflora. This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in Impatiens for the first time. Some species (I. mengtszeana, I. racemulosa and I. oppositifolia) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of Impatiens. Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for Impatiens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01194-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Puri
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110002 India
- Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110049 India
| | - Ashish Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
- Present Address: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Paramananda Barman
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Girish Mishra
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - R. Geeta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Solanki MK, Yandigeri MS, Kumar S, Singh RK, Srivastava AK. Co-inoculation of different antagonists can enhance the biocontrol activity against Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1633-1644. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Choudhary AK, Sunojkumar P, Mishra G. Fatty acid profiling and multivariate analysis in the genus Leucas reveals its nutritional, pharmaceutical and chemotaxonomic significance. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 143:72-80. [PMID: 28777980 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Genus Leucas with about 41 species found in India, is an Asian genus with separation from its close relatives in Africa based on phylogenetic evidence. Present study represents the only comprehensive phytochemical investigation on this genus. We have analyzed the seed fatty acid compositions of 26 species and five varieties of Leucas for nutritional, pharmaceutical and chemotaxonomic perspectives. The fatty acids and their composition in seeds of Leucas species, collected from different geographical regions in India, were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Significant variations have been observed in fatty acid profiles among species and their varieties. We observed major fatty acids as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and laballenic acid; whereas myristic, palmitoleic, cis-vaccenic, linolenic, eicosanoic, eicosenoic, phlomic and docosanoic acid were detected in minor quantities. Laballenic and phlomic acids are unusual allenic fatty acids found in few Lamiaceae members from order Lamiales. Laballenic acid, a proven molecule of pharmaceutical importance, was observed in all the Leucas species studied. Three species of Leucas; L. helianthimifolia, L. ciliata var. vestita and L. hirta were found to contain ≥40% laballenic acid and can act as potential source for isolation of pharmaceutical compounds. This study also reports the presence of another allenic fatty acid, phlomic acid, in several Leucas species. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed a distinct separation among the species based on abundance of similar fatty acids. The fatty acid profile appears to be overlapping at higher level and does not support separation of Asian Leucas from its African relatives and the inclusion of Asian taxa in morphologic sections. However, hierarchical clustering of L. helianthimifolia, L. ciliata var. vestita and L. hirta supported treatment under the morphologic section Astrodon. Multivariate analysis on the chemometric data also supported this cluster as the most prominent source of medicinally useful laballenic acid. Based on the FAs profile, a reconsideration of species boundaries in L. ciliata and L. marrubioides species complex is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Sunojkumar
- Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673 635, India
| | - Girish Mishra
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Chitinolytic Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus S5MW2 isolated from Chilika lake, India enhances plant growth and biocontrol efficacy through chitin supplementation against Rhizoctonia solani. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1217-25. [PMID: 25982747 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A chitinolytic actinomycete Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus S5MW2 was isolated from water sample of Chilika lake, India and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It showed in vitro antifungal activity against the sclerotia producing pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in a dual culture assay and by chitinase enzyme production in a chitin supplemented minimal broth. Moreover, isolate S5MW2 was further characterized for biocontrol (BC) and plant growth promoting features in a greenhouse experiment with or without colloidal chitin (CC). Results of greenhouse experiment showed that CC supplementation with S5MW2 showed a significant growth of tomato plants and superior disease reduction as compared to untreated control and without CC treated plants. Moreover, higher accumulation of chitinase also recovered in the CC supplemented plants. Significant effect of CC also concurred with the Analysis of Variance of greenhouse parameters. These results show that the a marine antagonist S5MW2 has BC efficiency against R. solani and chitinase enzyme played important role in plant resistance.
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Isolation and characterization of novel alkali-halophilic actinomycetes from the Chilika brackish water lake, India. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Streptomyces sp. S160: a potential antagonist against chickpea charcoal root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kumari P, Bijo AJ, Mantri VA, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Fatty acid profiling of tropical marine macroalgae: an analysis from chemotaxonomic and nutritional perspectives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 86:44-56. [PMID: 23168246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The lipid and fatty acid (FA) compositions for 100 marine macroalgae were determined and discussed from the context of chemotaxonomic and nutritional perspectives. In general, the lipid contents in macroalgae were low (2.3-20 mg/g fr. wt.) but with substantially high amounts of nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as LA, ALA, STA, AA, EPA and DHA, that ranged from 10% to 70% of TFAs. More than 90% of the species showed nutritionally beneficial n6/n3 ratio (0.1:1-3.6:1) (p≤0.001). A closer look at the FA data revealed characteristic chemotaxonomic features with C18 PUFAs (LA, ALA and STA) being higher in Chlorophyta, C20 PUFAs (AA and EPA) in Rhodophyta while Phaeophyta depicted evenly distribution of C18 and C20 PUFAs. The ability of macroalgae to produce long-chain PUFAs could be attributed to the coupling of chloroplastic FA desaturase enzyme system from a photosynthetic endosymbiont to the FA desaturase/elongase enzyme system of a non-photosynthetic eukaryotic protist host. Further, the principal component analysis segregated the three macroalgal groups with a marked distinction of different genera, families and orders, Hierarchical cluster analyses substantiated the phylogenetic relationships of all orders investigated except for those red algal taxa belonging to Gigartinales, Ceramiales, Halymeniales and Rhodymeniales for which increased sampling effort is required to infer a conclusion. Also, the groups deduced from FA compositions were congruent with the clades inferred from nuclear and plastid genome sequences. This study further indicates that FA signatures could be employed as a valid chemotaxonomic tool to differentiate macroalgae at higher taxonomic levels such as family and orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
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Fathallh Eida M, Nagaoka T, Wasaki J, Kouno K. Isolation and characterization of cellulose-decomposing bacteria inhabiting sawdust and coffee residue composts. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:226-33. [PMID: 22353767 PMCID: PMC4036048 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the identity and enzymatic activities of microorganisms associated with the decomposition of organic materials is expected to contribute to the evaluation and improvement of composting processes. In this study, we examined the cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic abilities of bacteria isolated from sawdust compost (SDC) and coffee residue compost (CRC). Cellulolytic bacteria were isolated using Dubos mineral salt agar containing azurine cross-linked (AZCL) HE-cellulose. Bacterial identification was performed based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, and cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, mannanase, and protease activities were characterized using insoluble AZCL-linked substrates. Eleven isolates were obtained from SDC and 10 isolates from CRC. DNA analysis indicated that the isolates from SDC and CRC belonged to the genera Streptomyces, Microbispora, and Paenibacillus, and the genera Streptomyces, Microbispora, and Cohnella, respectively. Microbispora was the most dominant genus in both compost types. All isolates, with the exception of two isolates lacking mannanase activity, showed cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, and mannanase activities. Based on enzyme activities expressed as the ratio of hydrolysis zone diameter to colony diameter, it was suggested that the species of Microbispora (SDCB8, SDCB9) and Paenibacillus (SDCB10, SDCB11) in SDC and Microbispora (CRCB2, CRCB6) and Cohnella (CRCB9, CRCB10) in CRC contribute to efficient cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic processes during composting.
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Kumar V, Bharti A, Gusain O, Bisht GS. Scanning electron microscopy of Streptomyces without use of any chemical fixatives. SCANNING 2011; 33:446-449. [PMID: 21732388 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new, short, and quick method was developed for preparation of specimen for observing Actinomycetes of genus Streptomyces by scanning electron microscopy. The cultures were directly grown on stubs and coated with a film of gold without using any fixative and dehydrating procedures. Using this simple preparation procedure, surface of intact sporing structures of Streptomyces was observed over a range of magnifications. As the preparation procedure is so simple and rapid, this procedure could be most useful for the routine examination and identification of Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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