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Kawase T, Debnath A, Mizuno T, Miyake Y. Investigation of the Expression of Serine Protease in <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1596-1601. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Kawase
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Anusuya Debnath
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Tamaki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yui Miyake
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Impact of Quorum Sensing System on Virulence Factors Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen that is frequently associated with nosocomial infections. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between the quorum sensing system (QS) and the production of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. A number of 100 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from various clinical sources from different Mansoura university hospitals in the period from April 2018 till April 2019. PCR screening of QS genes in the isolates was carried out including lasI, lasR, rhlI and rhlR. Thereafter, assay of the production of different virulence factors in the isolates was established including biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, protease production, lipase production, hemolysin production as well as swimming motility. Finally, statistical analysis of the data was performed to confirm the relationship between the QS and the production of virulence factors. Out of the 100 P. aeruginosa isolates, 27 clinical isolates were QS deficient. PCR analysis revealed that 8 isolates lacked lasR gene, 15 isolates lacked lasR and rhlR genes, 1 isolate lacked lasR and lasI genes, 2 isolates lacked lasR, lasI and rhlR genes and 1 isolate lacked rhlR, rhlI and lasR genes. There was a significant decrease observed in the production of pyocyanin, protease, lipase, hemolysin and biofilm formation as well as swimming motility in P. aeruginosa QS deficient isolates in comparison to non-QS deficient ones. There was a clear association between QS and virulence factors production in P. aeruginosa. This could open the door for novel promising targets for developing new therapeutic strategies against infections caused by this pathogen.
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Li G, Wang MY. The role of Vibrio vulnificus virulence factors and regulators in its infection-induced sepsis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:265-274. [PMID: 31840198 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the development of Marine aquaculture, infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus are common all over the world. Symptoms of V. vulnificus infection vary from gastrointestinal illness to septicemia. After infection with V. vulnificus, some patients showed gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, fever, diarrhea, and so on. Others appeared wound infection at the site of contact with bacteria, and even developed sepsis. Once it develops into sepsis, the prognosis of patients is very poor. However, its underlying pathogenic mechanism remains largely undetermined. Growing evidence shows that it can induce primary septicemia mainly via essential virulence factors and regulators. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that play roles in sepsis. In this review, we systematically expounded the role of V. vulnificus virulence factors and regulators in its infection-induced sepsis in order to provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Weihai Clinical Medical School, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China.,Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Ming-Yi Wang
- Weihai Clinical Medical School, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China. .,Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, China.
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Liu D, Wu C, Wu R, Huang J, Liao B, Lei M, Zhang Y, He H. Comprehensive analysis of the phylogeny and extracellular proteases in genus Vibrio strain. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:1-8. [PMID: 30902730 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the dominant bacteria in the ocean, Vibrio play important roles in maintaining the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we studied the phylogenetic relationships of 32 Vibrio based on the 16S rRNA genes sequences and utilized substrate immersing zymography method to detect the trend of protease production and components of multiprotease system of Vibrio extracellular proteases. The result showed that different extracellular proteolytic profiles among various Vibrio strains demonstrated a large interspecific variation, and for strains from the same environments, the closer the evolutionary relationship of them, the more similar their zymograms were. In addition, these proteases displayed very different hydrolysis abilities to casein and gelatin. Moreover, the results of the inhibitor-substrate immersing zymography indicated that the proteases secreted by marine Vibrio mostly belonged to serine proteases or metalloproteases. These results implied that combined taxonomic information of the Vibrios with their extracellular protease zymograms maybe contributed to the study of the classification, phylogeny and pathogenic mechanism of Vibrio, and can serve as a theoretical basis for controlling the pathogenic Vibrio disease as well as exploiting proteases. More importantly, we can also eliminate many similar strains by this way, thus can greatly reduce the workload of the experiments for us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Ribang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Binqiang Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Osei-Adjei G, Huang X, Zhang Y. The extracellular proteases produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Elgaml A, Miyoshi SI. Regulation systems of protease and hemolysin production inVibrio vulnificus. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:1-11. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Microbiology and Immunology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Mansoura University; Elgomhouria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka Kita-Ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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Kim YR, Lee SE, Kim JR, Rhee JH. Safety and vaccine efficacy of an attenuated Vibrio vulnificus strain with deletions in major cytotoxin genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv169. [PMID: 26381905 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen causing a rapidly progressing fatal septicemia. We have previously reported that a V. vulnificus large toxin RtxA1 causes programmed necrotic cell death through calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we developed a live attenuated vaccine strain (CMM781) having deletions in three genes encoding major virulence factors: RTX cytotoxin (rtxA1), hemolysin/cytolysin (vvhA) and metalloprotease (vvpE) of a clinical isolate strain CMCP6. The CMM781 strain showed significant attenuation in cytotoxicity and mouse lethality. The safety of CMM781 was also confirmed by measuring the transepithelial electric resistance of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Intragastric immunization of mice with the live attenuated V. vulnificus strain resulted in induction of systemic and mucosal antibodies specific to the pathogen. Moreover, the vaccinated mice were protected from challenges with high doses of the virulent strain through various injection routes. These results suggest that CMM781 appears to be a safe and effective vaccine candidate that would provide significant protection against V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Kim
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 519-763, Korea College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 519-763, Korea Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Dental Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Jong Ro Kim
- Busung Food and Business, Jangheung, Jeonnam 529-873, Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 519-763, Korea Research Institute of Vibrio Infections and Genome Research Center for Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 519-763, Korea Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 519-763, Korea
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Zhao H, Xu L, Dong H, Hu J, Gao H, Yang M, Zhang X, Chen X, Fan J, Ma W. Correlations between Clinical Features and Mortality in Patients with Vibrio vulnificus Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136019. [PMID: 26274504 PMCID: PMC4537211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a common gram-negative bacterium, which might cause morbidity and mortality in patients following consumption of seafood or exposure to seawater in Southeast China. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients with laboratory confirmed V. vulnificus infection. Twenty one patients were divided into a survival group and a non-surviving (or death) group according to their clinical outcome. Clinical data and measurements were statistically analyzed. Four patients (19.05%) died and five patients gave positive cultures from bile fluid, and 16 other patients gave positive culture from blood or blisters. Ten patients (47.62%) had an underlying liver disease and marine-related events were found in sixteen patients (76.2%). Patients with heavy drinking habits might be at increased mortality (p = 0.028). Clinical manifestations of cellulitis (47.6%), septic shock (42.9%) and multiple organ failure (28.6%) were statistically significant when comparing survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.035, p = 0.021 and p = 0.003, respectively). The laboratory results, including hemoglobin < 9.0 g/L (p = 0.012), platelets < 2.0×109 /L, prothrombin time activity (PTA) <20%, decreased serum creatinine and increased urea nitrogen were statistically significant (p = 0.012, p = 0.003, p = 0.028 and p = 0.028, respectively). Patients may be at a higher risk of mortality under situations where they have a history of habitual heavy alcoholic drink consumption (p = 0.028, OR = 22.5, 95%CI 1.5–335.3), accompanied with cellulitis, shock, multiple organ failure, and laboratory examinations that are complicated by decreased platelets, hemoglobin and significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Lichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Huihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Meifang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Weihang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
- * E-mail:
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Mizuno T, Nanko A, Maehara Y, Shinoda S, Miyoshi SI. A novel extracellular protease of Vibrio mimicus that mediates maturation of an endogenous hemolysin. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 58:503-12. [PMID: 25040152 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus, a human pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, produces an enterotoxic hemolysin as a virulence factor. The hemolysin is secreted extracellularly as an inactive protoxin and converted to a mature toxin through removal of the N-terminal propeptide, which comprises 151 amino acid residues. In this study, a novel protease having the trypsin-like substrate specificity was purified from the bacterial culture supernatant. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was identical with putative trypsin VMD27150 of V. mimicus strain VM573. The purified protease was found to cause maturation of the protoxin by cleavage of the Arg(151)-Ser(152) bond. Deletion of the protease gene resulted in increased amounts of the protoxin in the culture supernatant. In addition, expression of the hemolysin and protease genes was detected during the logarithmic growth phase. These findings indicate that the protease purified may mediate maturation of the hemolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, 57 Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, ID Hospital Campus, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
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Miyoshi SI. Extracellular proteolytic enzymes produced by human pathogenic vibrio species. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:339. [PMID: 24302921 PMCID: PMC3831164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Vibrio produce extracellular proteolytic enzymes to obtain nutrients via digestion of various protein substrates. However, the enzymes secreted by human pathogenic species have been documented to modulate the bacterial virulence. Several species including Vibrio cholerae and V. vulnificus are known to produce thermolysin-like metalloproteases termed vibriolysin. The vibriolysin from V. vulnificus, a causative agent of serious systemic infection, is a major toxic factor eliciting the secondary skin damage characterized by formation of the hemorrhagic brae. The vibriolysin from intestinal pathogens may play indirect roles in pathogenicity because it can activate protein toxins and hemagglutinin by the limited proteolysis and can affect the bacterial attachment to or detachment from the intestinal surface by degradation of the mucus layer. Two species causing wound infections, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, produce another metalloproteases so-called collagenases. Although the detailed pathological roles have not been studied, the collagenase is potent to accelerate the bacterial dissemination through digestion of the protein components of the extracellular matrix. Some species produce cymotrypsin-like serine proteases, which may also affect the bacterial virulence potential. The intestinal pathogens produce sufficient amounts of the metalloprotease at the small intestinal temperature; however, the metalloprotease production by extra-intestinal pathogens is much higher around the body surface temperature. On the other hand, the serine protease is expressed only in the absence of the metalloprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Okayama, Japan
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