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Jiao M, Yu D, Tan C, Guo J, Lan D, Han E, Qi T, Voegele RT, Kang Z, Guo J. Basidiomycete-specific PsCaMKL1 encoding a CaMK-like protein kinase is required for full virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4177-4189. [PMID: 28805296 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) are Ser/Thr protein kinases (PKs) that respond to changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ and play diverse roles in eukaryotes. In fungi, CAMKs are generally classified into four families CAMK1, CAMKL, RAD53 and CAMK-Unique. Among these, CAMKL constitutes the largest family. In some fungal plant pathogens, members of the CaMKL family have been shown to be responsible for pathogenesis. However, little is known about their role(s) in rust fungi. In this study, we functionally characterized a novel PK gene, PsCaMKL1, from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). PsCaMKL1 belongs to a group of PKs that is evolutionarily specific to basidiomyceteous fungi. PsCaMKL1 shows little intra-species polymorphism between Pst isolates. PsCaMKL1 transcripts are highly elevated at early infection stages, whereas gene expression is downregulated in barely germinated urediospores under KN93 treatment. Overexpression of PsCaMKL1 in fission yeast increased resistance to environmental stresses. Knock down of PsCaMKL1 using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) reduced the virulence of Pst accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and a hypersensitive response. These results suggest that PsCaMKL1 is a novel pathogenicity factor that exerts it virulence function by regulating ROS production in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyun Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ershang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ralf Thomas Voegele
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Yin S, Gao Z, Wang C, Huang L, Kang Z, Zhang H. Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Coordinately Regulate the Germination of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Urediniospores. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:178. [PMID: 26941716 PMCID: PMC4763058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules in a number of critical signal transduction pathways in plants, including plant biotic interactions. In addition to the role of plant-derived NO and ROS in plant resistance, which has been well documented, pathogen-produced NO and ROS have recently emerged as important players in fungal development and pathogenesis. However, the effects of pathogenic fungi-derived NO and ROS on signaling pathways during fungal pre-infection development remain unknown. Here, using a combination of pharmacological approaches and confocal microscopy, we investigated the roles of NO and ROS during the germination of Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst) the wheat stripe rust pathogen. Both NO and ROS have a crucial role in uredinial germination. The scavengers of NO and ROS delayed spore germination and decreased the lengths of germ tubes. A similar phenotype was produced after treatment with the promoter. However, the spores germinated and grew normally when the levels of NO and ROS were simultaneously elevated by the application of a promoter of NO and a donor of ROS. Confocal laser microscopy indicated that both NO and ROS preferentially localized at the germ pores and apexes of growing germ tubes when the ROS/NO ratio in the spores was maintained in a specific range. We concluded that both NO and ROS are critical signaling molecules in the pre-infection development of Pst and that the polar growth of the germ tube is coordinately regulated by NO and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuining Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhijuan Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Chenfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Liu J, Zhang Q, Chang Q, Wang Q, Han L, Liu J, Li M, Zhuang H, Kang Z. Cloning and characterization of a dynein light chain gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54 Suppl 1:S32-41. [PMID: 24470306 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stripe rust is one of the most serious wheat diseases worldwide. The fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of this disease, is an obligate biotrophic basidiomycete fungus. Numerous studies have shown that dyneins play important roles during fungal growth and propagation. However, knowledge is limited regarding the function of dyneins in Pst. In this study, we cloned the dynein light chain gene PsDLC1 from Pst and characterized its expression. The function of PsDLC1 was determined by heterologous mutant complementation. Expression of PsDLC1 in Aspergillus nidulans partially complemented the defects of the ΔnudG mutant, indicating that PsDLC1 belongs to the dynein light chain LC8 family. In addition, PsDLC1 was identified in Pst using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Knockdown of PsDLC1 produces no significant effect on Pst growth and development, indicating that PsDLC1 is unnecessary for Pst infection of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Liu J, Han LN, Zhang Q, Wang QL, Chang Q, Zhuang H, Liu J, Li M, Yu D, Kang ZS. Cloning and molecular characterization of a myosin light chain gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:631-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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