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Markota A, Kalamar Ž, Fluher J, Pirkmajer S. Therapeutic hyperthermia for the treatment of infection-a narrative review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215686. [PMID: 37565142 PMCID: PMC10410565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating body temperature, mostly through the use of antipyretics, is a commonly employed therapeutic intervention in medical practice. However, emerging evidence suggests that hyperthermia could serve as an adjuvant therapy for patients with infection. We performed a narrative review to explore the application of therapeutic hyperthermia in the treatment of infection. A number of studies have been performed in the pre-antibiotic era, enrolling patients with neurosyphilis and gonococcal infections, with reported cure rates at around 60%-80%. We have outlined the potential molecular and immunological mechanisms explaining the possible beneficial effects of therapeutic hyperthermia. For some pathogens increased temperature exerts a direct negative effect on virulence; however, it is presumed that temperature driven activation of the immune system is probably the most important factor affecting microbial viability. Lastly, we performed a review of modern-era studies where modulation of body temperature has been used as a treatment strategy. In trials of therapeutic hypothermia in patients with infection worse outcomes have been observed in the hypothermia group. Use of antipyretics has not been associated with any improvement in clinical outcomes. In modern-era therapeutic hyperthermia achieved by physical warming has been studied in one pilot trial, and better survival was observed in the hyperthermia group. To conclude, currently there is not enough data to support the use of therapeutic hyperthermia outside clinical trials; however, available studies are in favor of at least a temperature tolerance strategy for non-neurocritical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Markota
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kalamar
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jure Fluher
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Keivani H, Jahadi M. Solid-state fermentation for the production of Monascus pigments from soybean meals. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Living Fungi in an Opencast Limestone Mine: Who Are They and What Can They Do? J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8100987. [DOI: 10.3390/jof8100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Opencast limestone mines or limestone quarries are considered challenging ecosystems for soil fungi as they are highly degraded land with specific conditions, including high temperature, prolonged sunlight exposure, and a lack of organic matter, moisture, and nutrients in soil. In such ecosystems, certain fungi can survive and have a crucial function in maintaining soil ecosystem functions. Unfortunately, we know very little about taxonomic diversity, potential functions, and the ecology of such fungi, especially for a limestone quarry in a tropical region. Here, we characterized and compared the living soil fungal communities in an opencast limestone mine, including mining site and its associated rehabilitation site (9 months post-rehabilitation), with the soil fungal community in a reference forest, using the amplicon sequencing of enrichment culture. Our results showed that living fungal richness in the quarry areas was significantly lower than that in the reference forest, and their community compositions were also significantly different. Living fungi in the mining sites mostly comprised of Ascomycota (Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes) with strongly declined abundance or absence of Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. After nine months of rehabilitation, certain taxa were introduced, such as Hypoxylon spp. and Phellinus noxius, though this change did not significantly differentiate fungal community composition between the mining and rehabilitation plots. The majority of fungi in these plots are classified as saprotrophs, which potentially produce all fifteen soil enzymes used as soil health indicators. Network analysis, which was analyzed to show insight into complex structures of living fungal community in the limestone quarry, showed a clear modular structure that was significantly impacted by different soil properties. Furthermore, this study suggests potential taxa that could be useful for future rehabilitation.
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4
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Wen Y, Liao B, Yan X, Wu Z, Tian X. Temperature-responsive regulation of the fermentation of hypocrellin A by Shiraia bambusicola (GDMCC 60438). Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:135. [PMID: 35787717 PMCID: PMC9254528 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypocrellin A (HA) is a perylene quinone pigment with high medicinal value that is produced by Shiraia bambusicola Henn. (S. bambusicola) and Hypocrella bambusae (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. (Ascomycetes) with great potential in clinical photodynamic therapy. Submerged cultivation of S. bambusicola is a popular technique for HA production. However, there is not much research on how temperature changes lead to differential yields of HA production. RESULTS The temperature regulation of submerged fermentation is an efficient approach to promote HA productivity. After a 32 °C fermentation, the HA content in the mycelia S. bambusicola (GDMCC 60438) was increased by more than three- and fivefold when compared to that at 28 °C and 26 °C, respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that the regulation of the expression of transcription factors and genes essential for HA biosynthesis could be induced by high temperature. Among the 496 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) explicitly expressed at 32 °C, the hub genes MH01c06g0046321 and MH01c11g0073001 in the coexpression network may affect HA biosynthesis and cytoarchitecture, respectively. Moreover, five genes, i.e., MH01c01g0006641, MH01c03g0017691, MH01c04g0029531, MH01c04g0030701 and MH01c22g0111101, potentially related to HA synthesis also exhibited significantly higher expression levels. Morphological observation showed that the autolysis inside the mycelial pellets tightly composted intertwined mycelia without apparent holes. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results provide an effective strategy in the submerged fermentation of S. bambusicola for improved HA production and reveal an alternative regulatory network responsive to the biosynthesis metabolism of HA in response to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdi Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation & Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 382 East Out Loop, University Park, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baosheng Liao
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Out Loop, University Park, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, South China University of Technology, 8 Fushan Road, Fushan Industrial Park, Zhuhai, 519100, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation & Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 382 East Out Loop, University Park, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation & Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 382 East Out Loop, University Park, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, South China University of Technology, 8 Fushan Road, Fushan Industrial Park, Zhuhai, 519100, China.
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Influence of H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress on In Vitro Growth and Moniliformin and Fumonisins Accumulation by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090653. [PMID: 34564657 PMCID: PMC8473447 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans are common pathogens of maize which are known to produce mycotoxins, including moniliformin (MON) and fumonisins (FBs). Fungal secondary metabolism and response to oxidative stress are interlaced, where hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of mycotoxin production. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on fungal growth, as well as MON and FBs production, in different isolates of these fungi. When these isolates were cultured in the presence of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM H2O2, the fungal biomass of F. subglutinans isolates showed a strong sensitivity to increasing oxidative conditions (27–58% reduction), whereas F. proliferatum isolates were not affected or even slightly improved (45% increase). H2O2 treatment at the lower concentration of 1 mM caused an almost total disappearance of MON and a strong reduction of FBs content in the two fungal species and isolates tested. The catalase activity, surveyed due to its crucial role as an H2O2 scavenger, showed no significant changes at 1 mM H2O2 treatment, thus indicating a lack of correlation with MON and FB changes. H2O2 treatment was also able to reduce MON and FB content in certified maize material, and the same behavior was observed in the presence and absence of these fungi, highlighting a direct effect of H2O2 on the stability of these mycotoxins. Taken together, these data provide insights into the role of H2O2 which, when increased under stress conditions, could affect the vegetative response and mycotoxin production (and degradation) of these fungi.
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Kumar V, Sarma VV, Thambugala KM, Huang JJ, Li XY, Hao GF. Ecology and Evolution of Marine Fungi With Their Adaptation to Climate Change. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719000. [PMID: 34512597 PMCID: PMC8430337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change agitates interactions between organisms and the environment and forces them to adapt, migrate, get replaced by others, or extinct. Marine environments are extremely sensitive to climate change that influences their ecological functions and microbial community including fungi. Fungi from marine habitats are engaged and adapted to perform diverse ecological functions in marine environments. Several studies focus on how complex interactions with the surrounding environment affect fungal evolution and their adaptation. However, a review addressing the adaptation of marine fungi to climate change is still lacking. Here we have discussed the adaptations of fungi in the marine environment with an example of Hortaea werneckii and Aspergillus terreus which may help to reduce the risk of climate change impacts on marine environments and organisms. We address the ecology and evolution of marine fungi and the effects of climate change on them to explain the adaptation mechanism. A review of marine fungal adaptations will show widespread effects on evolutionary biology and the mechanism responsible for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Kumar
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Kasun M. Thambugala
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Effect of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin on Ceratocystis fimbriata to control black rot of sweet potato: processes of reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense responses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:148. [PMID: 34363541 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Black rot, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is one of the most destructive disease of sweet potato worldwide, resulting in significant yield losses. However, a proper management system can increase resistance to this disease. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of using tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) to improve the antioxidant defense systems in sweet potato as well as the inhibitory effects on the growth of and antioxidant activity in C. fimbriata. Four days after inoculating cut surfaces of sweet potato disks with C. fimbriata, disease development was reduced by different concentrations of TEB + TRI. Infection by C. fimbriata increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL), and the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) by 138, 152, 73, and 282%, respectively, in sweet potato disks, relative to control. In the sweet potato disks, C. fimbriata reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by 82 and 91%, respectively, compared with control. However, TEB + TRI reduced the oxidative damage in the C. fimbriata-inoculated sweet potato disks by enhancing the antioxidant defense systems. On the other hand, applying TEB + TRI increased the levels of H2O2, MDA, and EL, and increased the activity of LOX in C. fimbriata, in which the contents of AsA and GSH decreased, and therefore, inhibited the growth of C. fimbriata. These results suggest that TEB + TRI can significantly control black rot disease in sweet potato by inhibiting the growth of C. fimbriata.
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8
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Zhang B, Zhou J, Li X, Ye L, Jia D, Gan B, Tan W. Temperature affects substrate-associated bacterial composition during Ganoderma lucidum hyphal growth. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:281-289. [PMID: 33591216 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the well-known fungus Ganoderma lucidum is influenced by temperature, which has an impact on the associated microbial structure in the substrate. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial diversity of the substrate at different temperatures using next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 513 733 sequences from 15 samples were assigned to 19 bacterial phyla. The samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes; the 2 phyla exhibited opposite changes with elevated temperature. Bacterial genera showed different abundances at different temperatures, in which Sediminibacterium maintained a stable abundance below 40 °C, while Ochrobactrum and Rhodococcus were enriched with elevated temperature and both showed their highest abundances at 40 °C. Functional prediction uncovered 39 identified KEGG pathways, and bacterial genes involved in the membrane transport pathway exhibited the highest abundance subject to heat (40 °C) during the growth of G. lucidum. In general, our findings illustrated the influence of temperatures on G. lucidum mycelial morphology and the bacterial community in the substrate, and the results will facilitate cultivation of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Dinghong Jia
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
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9
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Pang KL, Chiang MWL, Guo SY, Shih CY, Dahms HU, Hwang JS, Cha HJ. Growth study under combined effects of temperature, pH and salinity and transcriptome analysis revealed adaptations of Aspergillus terreus NTOU4989 to the extreme conditions at Kueishan Island Hydrothermal Vent Field, Taiwan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233621. [PMID: 32453769 PMCID: PMC7250430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A high diversity of fungi was discovered on various substrates collected at the marine shallow-water Kueishan Island Hydrothermal Vent Field, Taiwan, using culture and metabarcoding methods but whether these fungi can grow and play an active role in such an extreme environment is unknown. We investigated the combined effects of different salinity, temperature and pH on growth of ten fungi (in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fodinomyces, Microascus, Trichoderma, Verticillium) isolated from the sediment and the vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus. The growth responses of the tested fungi could be referred to three groups: (1) wide pH, salinity and temperature ranges, (2) salinity-dependent and temperature-sensitive, and (3) temperature-tolerant. Aspergillus terreus NTOU4989 was the only fungus which showed growth at 45 °C, pH 3 and 30 ‰ salinity, and might be active near the vents. We also carried out a transcriptome analysis to understand the molecular adaptations of A. terreus NTOU4989 under these extreme conditions. Data revealed that stress-related genes were differentially expressed at high temperature (45 °C); for instance, mannitol biosynthetic genes were up-regulated while glutathione S-transferase and amino acid oxidase genes down-regulated in response to high temperature. On the other hand, hydrogen ion transmembrane transport genes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were up-regulated while pH-response transcription factor was down-regulated at pH 3, a relative acidic environment. However, genes related to salt tolerance, such as glycerol lipid metabolism and mitogen-activated protein kinase, were up-regulated in both conditions, possibly related to maintaining water homeostasis. The results of this study revealed the genetic evidence of adaptation in A. terreus NTOU4989 to changes of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Sheng-Yu Guo
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Shih
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hans U Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hyo-Jung Cha
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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10
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Deng X, Du B, Zhu F, Gao Y, Li J. Proteomic analysis of Aspergillus niger 3.316 under heat stress. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1012. [PMID: 32107876 PMCID: PMC7221434 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase production by Aspergillus niger is accompanied by an inevitable temperature increase in the industrial fermentation environment. Hence, the synthetic process of β-glucosidase is negatively affected. However, our understanding of the heat stress response (HSR) mechanism in A. niger is still incomplete. The current study explored the intracellular proteome profile of A. niger 3.316 in group T (50°C stress) and group C (30°C control) using two proteomic approaches (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation [iTRAQ] and label-free) and examined the expression of four proteins using a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) approach. Based on the result of the iTRAQ proteomic analysis, 1,025 proteins were differentially expressed in group T compared to group C. Using the label-free approach, we only focused on 77 proteins with significant changes in their protein expression levels. In addition, we performed bioinformatics analysis on all these proteins and obtained detailed gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway results. Under heat stress conditions, the relative expression levels of proteins with protection and repair functions were upregulated in A. niger 3.316. These proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). The insights obtained from the presented proteomics and bioinformatics analyses can be used to further explore the HSR mechanism of A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Deng
- Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Bin Du
- Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Fengmei Zhu
- Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Yanan Gao
- Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Jun Li
- Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
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11
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Role of the antioxidant defense system during the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by fungi. Int Microbiol 2018; 22:255-264. [PMID: 30810986 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are used for the production of several compounds and the efficiency of biotechnological processes is directly related to the metabolic activity of these microorganisms. The reactions catalyzed by lignocellulolytic enzymes are oxidative and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess of ROS can cause serious damages to cells, including cell death. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the lignocellulolytic enzymes produced by Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB020, Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 28326, Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30, and Aspergillus niger IZ-9 grown in sugarcane bagasse and two yeast extract (YE) concentrations and characterize the antioxidant defense system of fungal cells by the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Pleurotus sajor-caju exhibited the highest activities of laccase and peroxidase in sugarcane bagasse with 2.6 g of YE and an increased activity of manganese peroxidase in sugarcane bagasse with 1.3 g of YE was observed. However, P. chrysosporium showed the highest activities of exoglucanase and endoglucanase in sugarcane bagasse with 1.3 g of YE. Lipid peroxidation and variations in SOD and CAT activities were observed during the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and depending on the YE concentrations. The antioxidant defense system was induced in response to the oxidative stress caused by imbalances between the production and the detoxification of ROS.
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12
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Miao R, Zhou J, Ye L, Jia D, Peng W, Yan L, Zhang X, Tan W, Li X. Influence of Temperature on the Bacterial Community in Substrate and Extracellular Enzyme Activity of Auricularia cornea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:224-235. [PMID: 30294482 PMCID: PMC6171455 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1497795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor that can greatly influence the cultivation of Auricularia cornea. In this study, lignin peroxidase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, and cellulose in A. cornea fruiting bodies were tested under five different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C) in three different culture periods (10 days, 20 days and 30 days). In addition, the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the substrate of A. cornea cultivated for 30 days at different temperatures were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology to explore the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in the substrate. Temperature and culture days had a significant effect on the activities of the four enzymes, and changes in activity were not synchronized with changes in temperature and culture days. Overall, we obtained 487,694 sequences from 15 samples and assigned them to 16 bacterial phyla. Bacterial community composition and structure in the substrate changed when the temperature was above 35 °C. The relative abundances of some bacteria were significantly affected by temperature. A total of 35 genera at five temperatures in the substrate were correlated, and 41 functional pathways were predicted in the study. Bacterial genes associated with the membrane transport pathway had the highest average abundance (16.16%), and this increased at 35 °C and 40 °C. Generally, different temperatures had impacts on the physiological activity of A. cornea and the bacterial community in the substrate; therefore, the data presented herein should facilitate cultivation of A. cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Dinghong Jia
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Yan
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena,Germany
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
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13
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Tegelaar M, Wösten HAB. Functional distinction of hyphal compartments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6039. [PMID: 28729612 PMCID: PMC5519613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyphae of higher fungi grow at their tips and are compartmentalized by porous septa that enable inter-compartmental cytoplasmic streaming. Woronin bodies discontinue cytoplasmic streaming by plugging the septal pores. Here, it was assessed whether apical compartments of Aspergillus niger sustain their own growth or whether their growth depends on subapical compartments. Hyphae of wildtype and the ΔhexA strain, lacking Woronin bodies, had a similar morphology and growth rate. A total of 58% and 17% of the hyphae continued growing, respectively, after dissecting the 2nd compartment. Extension rate of the apical compartments that continued growing was not affected, even when the carbon or nitrogen source was limiting. Thus, apical compartments are self-sustaining in growth. It was also shown that the first 8 subapical compartments of the wildtype, but not of the ΔhexA strain, function as a backup system for growth by forming new branches when their apical neighbouring compartment has been damaged. This backup system is pivotal in nature because of the life style of fungi to continuously explore their surrounding substrate that may prove hostile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tegelaar
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Pietrzak K, Glińska S, Gapińska M, Ruman T, Nowak A, Aydin E, Gutarowska B. Silver nanoparticles: a mechanism of action on moulds. Metallomics 2016; 8:1294-1302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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