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Yang X, Wei A, Cao X, Wang Z, Wan H, Wang B, Peng H. Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Ricin Toxin. Molecules 2024; 29:1435. [PMID: 38611715 PMCID: PMC11012547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant-derived toxin ricin is classified as a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) and currently lacks effective clinical antidotes. The toxicity of ricin is mainly due to its ricin toxin A chain (RTA), which has become an important target for drug development. Previous studies have identified two essential binding pockets in the active site of RTA, but most existing inhibitors only target one of these pockets. In this study, we used computer-aided virtual screening to identify a compound called RSMI-29, which potentially interacts with both active pockets of RTA. We found that RSMI-29 can directly bind to RTA and effectively attenuate protein synthesis inhibition and rRNA depurination induced by RTA or ricin, thereby inhibiting their cytotoxic effects on cells in vitro. Moreover, RSMI-29 significantly reduced ricin-mediated damage to the liver, spleen, intestine, and lungs in mice, demonstrating its detoxification effect against ricin in vivo. RSMI-29 also exhibited excellent drug-like properties, featuring a typical structural moiety of known sulfonamides and barbiturates. These findings suggest that RSMI-29 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor that specifically targets ricin toxin A chain, providing a potential therapeutic option for ricin intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Y.)
- Department of Operational Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Aili Wei
- Department of Operational Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiyuan Cao
- Department of Operational Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Hongzhi Wan
- Department of Operational Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Operational Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
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Zhao Z, Deng J, Fan D. Green biomanufacturing in recombinant collagen biosynthesis: trends and selection in various expression systems. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5439-5461. [PMID: 37401335 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, classically derived from animal tissue, is an all-important protein material widely used in biomedical materials, cosmetics, fodder, food, etc. The production of recombinant collagen through different biological expression systems using bioengineering techniques has attracted significant interest in consideration of increasing market demand and the process complexity of extraction. Green biomanufacturing of recombinant collagen has become one of the focus topics. While the bioproduction of recombinant collagens (type I, II, III, etc.) has been commercialized in recent years, the biosynthesis of recombinant collagen is extremely challenging due to protein immunogenicity, yield, degradation, and other issues. The rapid development of synthetic biology allows us to perform a heterologous expression of proteins in diverse expression systems, thus optimizing the production and bioactivities of recombinant collagen. This review describes the research progress in the bioproduction of recombinant collagen over the past two decades, focusing on different expression systems (prokaryotic organisms, yeasts, plants, insects, mammalian and human cells, etc.). We also discuss the challenges and future trends in developing market-competitive recombinant collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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Fertala A. Three Decades of Research on Recombinant Collagens: Reinventing the Wheel or Developing New Biomedical Products? Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E155. [PMID: 33276472 PMCID: PMC7712652 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagens provide the building blocks for diverse tissues and organs. Furthermore, these proteins act as signaling molecules that control cell behavior during organ development, growth, and repair. Their long half-life, mechanical strength, ability to assemble into fibrils and networks, biocompatibility, and abundance from readily available discarded animal tissues make collagens an attractive material in biomedicine, drug and food industries, and cosmetic products. About three decades ago, pioneering experiments led to recombinant human collagens' expression, thereby initiating studies on the potential use of these proteins as substitutes for the animal-derived collagens. Since then, scientists have utilized various systems to produce native-like recombinant collagens and their fragments. They also tested these collagens as materials to repair tissues, deliver drugs, and serve as therapeutics. Although many tests demonstrated that recombinant collagens perform as well as their native counterparts, the recombinant collagen technology has not yet been adopted by the biomedical, pharmaceutical, or food industry. This paper highlights recent technologies to produce and utilize recombinant collagens, and it contemplates their prospects and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Curtis Building, Room 501, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Biosynthesis of Fluorescent β Subunits of C-Phycocyanin from Spirulina subsalsa in Escherichia coli, and Their Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061369. [PMID: 29882804 PMCID: PMC6100522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, which covalently binds phycocyanobilin chromophores, is not only a candidate fluorescent probe for biological imaging, but also a potential antioxidative agent for healthcare. Herein, a plasmid harboring two cassettes was constructed, with cpcB from Spirulina subsalsa in one cassette and the fusion gene cpcS::ho1::pcyA in the other, and then expressed in Escherichia coli. PCB-CpcB(C-82), a fluorescent phycocyanin β subunit, was biosynthesized in E. coli, exhibiting an absorption maximum at 620 nm and fluorescence emission maximum at 640 nm. When cpcS was replaced by cpcT, PCB-CpcB(C-153), another fluorescent phycocyanin β subunit, was produced, exhibiting an absorption maximum at 590 nm and fluorescence emission maximum at 620 nm. These two fluorescent biliproteins showed stronger scavenging activity toward hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals than apo-CpcB. The IC50 values for hydroxyl radical scavenging by PCB-CpcB(C-82), PCB-CpcB(C-153), and apo-CpcB were 38.72 ± 2.48 µg/mL, 51.06 ± 6.74 µg/mL, and 81.82 ± 0.67 µg/mL, respectively, and the values for DPPH radical scavenging were 201.00 ± 5.86 µg/mL, 240.34 ± 4.03 µg/mL, and 352.93 ± 26.30 µg/mL, respectively. The comparative antioxidant capacities of the proteins were PCB-CpcB(C-82) > PCB-CpcB(C-153) > apo-CpcB, due to bilin binding. The two fluorescent biliproteins exhibited a significant effect on relieving the growth of E. coli cells injured by H2O2. The results of this study suggest that the fluorescent phycocyanin β subunits of S. subsalsa were reconstructed by one expression vector in E. coli, and could be developed as potential antioxidants.
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Zou Y, Xu P, Li P, Cai P, Zhang M, Sun Z, Sun C, Xu W, Wang D. Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on the characterization and properties of collagen extracted from soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis ). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zou Y, Wang L, Cai P, Li P, Zhang M, Sun Z, Sun C, Xu W, Wang D. Effect of ultrasound assisted extraction on the physicochemical and functional properties of collagen from soft-shelled turtle calipash. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1602-1610. [PMID: 28267613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of acid-soluble collagen by ultrasound assisted extraction (UASC) from calipash of soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The results showed the collagen content was increased by 16.3% in UASC over the collagen from the conventional extraction (ASC). Both ASC and UASC contained a moderate amount of imino acid (197 and 216 residues/1000 residues, respectively) and hydrophobic amino acid (353 and 391 residues/1000 residues, respectively) in amino acid composition. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed that the ultrasound treatment did not disrupt the triple-stranded helical structures in UASC. UASC had higher thermal stability compared with ASC by viscosity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, therefore, UASC might have the advantage to be used. In dynamic elastic behavior measurement, UASC showed a larger elasticity than ASC. With a mild modification by ultrasound, UASC had superior functional properties to ASC, including water/oil absorption capacity, water-holding capacity, emulsifying properties and foaming properties. These results suggested that UASC from the soft-shelled turtle calipash had a potential to be used widely in food, medicine, cosmetics and biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Panpan Cai
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210024, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Muhan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Zhilan Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Chong Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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