1
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Naim M, Mohammat MF, Mohd Ariff PNA, Uzir MH. Biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of chiral alcohols for the development of pharmaceutical intermediates and other industrial applications: A review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110483. [PMID: 39033578 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged as a strong tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In the early twentieth century, whole cell biocatalysis was used to develop the first industrial biocatalytic processes, and the precise work of enzymes was unknown. Biocatalysis has evolved over the years into an essential tool for modern, cost-effective, and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing. Meanwhile, advances in directed evolution enable the rapid production of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and high selectivity. Large-scale synthetic pathways incorporating biocatalytic critical steps towards >130 APIs of authorized pharmaceuticals and drug prospects are compared in terms of steps, reaction conditions, and scale with the corresponding chemical procedures. This review is designed on the functional group developed during the reaction forming alcohol functional groups. Some important biocatalyst sources, techniques, and challenges are described. A few APIs and their utilization in pharmaceutical drugs are explained here in this review. Biocatalysis has provided shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative pathways toward existing small molecule APIs. Furthermore, non-pharmaceutical applications of biocatalysts are also mentioned and discussed. Finally, this review includes the future outlook and challenges of biocatalysis. In conclusion, Further research and development of promising enzymes are required before they can be used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Naim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Centre for Chemical Synthesis & Polymer Technology, Institute of Science (IoS), Kompleks Inspirasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450, Malaysia.
| | - Putri Nur Arina Mohd Ariff
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Mohamad Hekarl Uzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia.
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2
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Boudabbous M, Ben Hmad I, Zaidi M, Saibi W, Jlaiel L, Gargouri A. Biosynthesis and one-step enrichment process of potentially prebiotic cello-oligosaccharides produced by β-glucosidase from Fusarium solani. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:395. [PMID: 39249579 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Cello-oligosaccharides (COS) become a new type of functional oligosaccharides. COS transglycosylation reactions were studied to enhance COS yield production. Seeking the ability of the free form of Fusarium solani β-glucosidase (FBgl1) to synthesize COS under low substrate concentrations, we found out that this biocatalyst initiates this reaction with only 1 g/L of cellobiose, giving rise to the formation of cellotriose. Cellotriose and cellopentaose were detected in biphasic conditions with an immobilized FBgl1 and when increased to 50 g/L of cellobiose as a starter concentration. After the biocatalyst recycling process, the trans-glycosylation yield of COS was maintained after 5 cycles, and the COS concentration was 6.70 ± 0.35 g/L. The crude COS contained 20.15 ± 0.25 g/L glucose, 23.15 ± 0.22 g/L non-reacting substrate cellobiose, 5.25 ± 0.53 g/L, cellotriose and 1.49 ± 0.32 g/L cellopentaose. A bioprocess was developed for cellotriose enrichment, using whole Bacillus velezensis cells as a microbial purification tool. This bacteria consumed glucose, unreacted cellobiose, and cellopentaose while preserving cellotriose in the fermented medium. This study provides an excellent enzyme candidate for industrial COS production and is also the first study on the single-step COS enrichment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Boudabbous
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ines Ben Hmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Zaidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Saibi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Jlaiel
- Analytical Service Unit, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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3
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Lutz-Wahl S, Mozer H, Kussler A, Schulz A, Seitl I, Fischer L. A new β-galactosidase from Paenibacillus wynnii with potential for industrial applications. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3429-3442. [PMID: 38246536 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Commercial β-galactosidases exhibit undesirable kinetic properties regarding substrate affinity (Michaelis-Menten constant [KM] for lactose) and product inhibition (inhibitor constant [Ki] for galactose). An in silico screening of gene sequences was done and identified a putative β-galactosidase (Paenibacillus wynnii β-galactosidase, BgaPw) from the psychrophilic bacterium Paenibacillus wynnii. The cultivation of the wild-type P. wynnii strain resulted in very low β-galactosidase activities of a maximum of 150 nkat per liter of medium with o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPGal) as substrate. The recombinant production of BgaPw in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) increased the yield ∼9,000-fold. Here, a volumetric activity of 1,350.18 ± 11.82 μkatoNPGal/Lculture was achieved in a bioreactor cultivation. The partly purified BgaPw showed a pH optimum at 7.0, a temperature maximum at 40°C, and an excellent stability at 8°C with a half-life of 77 d. Kinetic studies with BgaPw were done in milk or in milk-imitating synthetic buffer (Novo buffer), respectively. Remarkably, the KM value of BgaPw with lactose was as low as 0.63 ± 0.045 mM in milk. It was found that the resulting products of lactose hydrolysis, namely galactose and glucose, did not inhibit the β-galactosidase activity of BgaPw, but instead showed a striking activating effect in both cases (up to 144%). In a comparison study in milk, lactose was completely hydrolyzed by BgaPw in 72 h at 8°C, whereas 2 other known β-galactosidases were less powerful and converted only about 90% of lactose in the same time. Finally, the formation of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) was demonstrated with the new BgaPw, starting with pharma-lactose (400 g/L). A GOS production of about 144 g/L was achieved after 24 h (36.0% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lutz-Wahl
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute for Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Hanna Mozer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute for Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alena Kussler
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute for Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Adriana Schulz
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute for Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ines Seitl
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute for Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute for Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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4
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Meeusen E, Cao L, Delsing DJ, Groeneveld A, Heerikhuisen M, Schuren F, Boltje TJ. Gram-scale chemical synthesis of galactosyllactoses and their impact on infant gut microbiota in vitro. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2091-2097. [PMID: 38363206 PMCID: PMC10917138 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are widely used as a supplement in infant nutrition to mimic the beneficial effects found in prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). However, the complexity of the GOS mixture makes it challenging to ascertain which of the GOS components contribute most to their health benefits. Galactosyllactoses (GLs) are lactose-based trisaccharides containing a β-galactopyranosyl residue at the 3'-position (3'galactosyllactose, 3'-GL), 4'-position (4'-galactosyllactose, 4'-GL), or the 6'-position (6'-galactosyllactose, 6'-GL). These GLs are of particular interest as they are present in both GOS mixtures and human milk at early stages of lactation. However, research on the potential health benefits of these individual GLs has been limited. Gram quantities are needed to assess their health benefits but these GLs are not readily available at this scale. In this study, we report the gram-scale chemical synthesis of 3'-GL, 4'-GL, and 6'-GL. All three galactosyllactoses were obtained on a gram scale in good purity from cheap and commercially available lactose. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of GLs with infant faecal microbiota demonstrates that the GLs were able to increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium and stimulate short chain fatty acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Meeusen
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Linqiu Cao
- FrieslandCampina N.V., Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Margreet Heerikhuisen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Ruiz-Ramírez S, Jiménez-Flores R. Invited review: Properties of β-galactosidases derived from Lactobacillaceae species and their capacity for galacto-oligosaccharide production. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8193-8206. [PMID: 37678769 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
β-galactosidase (enzymatic class 3.2.1.23) is one of the dairy industry's most important and widely used enzymes. The enzyme is part of a large family known to catalyze hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions. Its hydrolytic activity is commonly used to decrease lactose content in dairy products, while its transglycosylase activity has recently been used to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). During the past couple of years, researchers have focused on studying β-galactosidase isolated and purified from lactic acid bacteria. This review will focus on β-galactosidase purified and characterized from what used to be the Lactobacillus genera. Furthermore, particular emphasis is given to its kinetics, biochemical characteristics, GOS production, market, and utilization by Lactobacilllaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvette Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science & Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science & Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
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6
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Belkova M, Janegova T, Hrabarova E, Nahalka J. Physiologically Aggregated LacZ Applied in Trehalose Galactosylation in a Recycled Batch Mode. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1619. [PMID: 37629477 PMCID: PMC10455999 DOI: 10.3390/life13081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides obtained via β-galactosidase transgalactosylation have health-promoting properties and are widely recognized as effective prebiotics. Trehalose-based galactooligosaccharides could be introduced into food and pharmaceutical industries similarly to trehalose. In light of this, new technological approaches are needed. Recently, in vivo enzyme immobilizations for recombinant proteins have been introduced, and physiological aggregation into active inclusion bodies (aIBs) has emerged as one such method of in vivo immobilization. To prepare LacZ β-galactosidase in the form of aIBs, we used a short 10 amino acid aggregation-prone tag. These native protein particles were simply washed from the cell lysate and applied in trehalose galactosylation in a recycled batch mode. In this study, aIBs entrapped in alginate beads, encapsulated in alginate/cellulose sulfate/poly(methylene-co-guanidine) capsules and magnetized were compared with free aIBs. Alginate/cellulose sulfate/PMCG capsules showed more suitable properties and applicability for biotransformation of trehalose at its high concentration (25%, w/v) and elevated temperature (50 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belkova
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Janegova
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Hrabarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nahalka
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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7
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Ponnusamy V, Sankaranarayanan M. Targeted gene manipulation of Leloir pathway genes for the constitutive expression of β-galactosidase and its transgalactosylation product galacto-oligosaccharides from Kluyveromyces lactis GG799 and knockout strains. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110263. [PMID: 37311284 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are used as prebiotic ingredients in various food and pharmaceutical industry. At present, production of GOS involves the enzymatic transformation of lactose by transgalactosylation using β-galactosidase. The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis can utilize lactose as its carbon and energy source. In this species lactose is hydrolyzed by an intracellular β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) which is induced by its substrate and related compounds like galactose. The molecular details of gene regulation in kluyveromyces lactis, we have used multiple knockout approaches to study the constitutive expression by which galactose induces β-galactosidase. The present study involved carrying out to a method of enhancing the constitutive expression of β-galactosidase through galactose induction and its trans-galactosylation reaction for the production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in Kluyveromyces lactis (K. Lactis) by applying a knockout based approach on Leloir pathway genes based on fusion-overlap extension polymerase chain reaction and transformation into its genome. The k.lactis strain subjected to Leloir pathway genes knockout, resulted in the accumulation of galactose intracellularly and this internal galactose acts as an inducer of galactose regulon for constitutive expression of β-galactosidase at early stationary phase was due to the positive regulatory function of mutant gal1p, gal7p and both. These resulted strains used for trans-galactosylation of lactose by β - galactosidase is characterized for the production of galacto-oligosaccharides. Galactose-induced constitutive expression of β-galactosidase during the early stationary phase of knockout strains was analysed qualitatively & quantitatively. The activity of β-galactosidase of wild type, gal1z, gal7k and gal1z & gal7k strains were 7, 8, 9 and 11 U/ml respectively using high cell density cultivation medium. Based on these expression differences in β-galactosidase, the trans-galactosylation reaction for GOS production and percentage yield of GOS were compared at 25% w/v of lactose. The percentage yield of GOS production of wild type, Δgal1z Lac4+, Δgal7k Lac4++ and Δgal1z Δgal7k Lac4+++mutants strains were 6.3, 13, 17 and 22 U/ml, respectively. Therefore, we propose that the availability of galactose can be used for constitutive over expression of β - galactosidase in Leloir pathway engineering applications and also for GOS production. Further, increased expression of β - galactosidases can be used in dairy industry by-products like whey to produce added value products such as galacto-oligosaccharides.
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8
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Chen X, de Vos P. Structure-function relationship and impact on the gut-immune barrier function of non-digestible carbohydrates and human milk oligosaccharides applicable for infant formula. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8325-8345. [PMID: 37035930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2199072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) in mothers' milk play a crucial role in guiding the colonization of microbiota and gut-immune barrier development in infants. Non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) such as synthetic single hMOs, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), inulin-type fructans and pectin oligomers have been added to infant formula to substitute some hMOs' functions. HMOs and NDCs can modulate the gut-immune barrier, which is a multiple-layered functional unit consisting of microbiota, a mucus layer, gut epithelium, and the immune system. There is increasing evidence that the structures of the complex polysaccharides may influence their efficacy in modulating the gut-immune barrier. This review focuses on the role of different structures of individual hMOs and commonly applied NDCs in infant formulas in (i) direct regulation of the gut-immune barrier in a microbiota-independent manner and in (ii) modulation of microbiota composition and microbial metabolites of these polysaccharides in a microbiota-dependent manner. Both have been shown to be essential for guiding the development of an adequate immune barrier, but the effects are very dependent on the structural features of hMO or NDC. This knowledge might lead to tailored infant formulas for specific target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Chen
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Chen T, Wang S, Niu H, Yang G, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhou C, Yu B, Yang P, Sun W, Liu D, Ying H, Chen Y. Biofilm-Based Biocatalysis for Galactooligosaccharides Production by the Surface Display of β-Galactosidase in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076507. [PMID: 37047479 PMCID: PMC10094928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are one of the most important functional oligosaccharide prebiotics. The surface display of enzymes was considered one of the most excellent strategies to obtain these products. However, a rough industrial environment would affect the biocatalytic process. The catalytic process could be efficiently improved using biofilm-based fermentation with high resistance and activity. Therefore, the combination of the surface display of β-galactosidase and biofilm formation in Pichia pastoris was constructed. The results showed that the catalytic conversion rate of GOS was up to 50.3% with the maximum enzyme activity of 5125 U/g by screening the anchorin, and the number of the continuous catalysis batches was up to 23 times. Thus, surface display based on biofilm-immobilized fermentation integrated catalysis and growth was a co-culture system, such that a dynamic equilibrium in the consolidated integrative process was achieved. This study provides the basis for developing biofilm-based surface display methods in P. pastoris during biochemical production processes.
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10
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Chin SY, Shahruddin S, Chua GK, Samsudin NA, Mudalip SKA, Ghazali NFS, Jemaat Z, Salleh SF, Said FM, Nadir N, Ismail NL, Ng SH. Toward Sustainable Production of Sugar-Based Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant─A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis Route and Downstream Processing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sim Yee Chin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Sara Shahruddin
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Gek Kee Chua
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Samsudin
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Noor Fadhila Syahida Ghazali
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Zulkifly Jemaat
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatihah Salleh
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Najiah Nadir
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Ismail
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Su Han Ng
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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11
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Dimov I, Mollova D, Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Nikolova M, Bivolarska A, Iliev I. Metabolic profiling of probiotic strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus L14 cultivated in presence of prebiotic oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in simulating in vitro gastrointestinal tract system. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2178825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Dimov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Mollova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tonka Vasileva
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Bivolarski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Nikolova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Chavan AR, Singh AK, Gupta RK, Nakhate SP, Poddar BJ, Gujar VV, Purohit HJ, Khardenavis AA. Recent trends in the biotechnology of functional non-digestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-46. [PMID: 36714949 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2152627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics as a part of dietary nutrition can play a crucial role in structuring the composition and metabolic function of intestinal microbiota and can thus help in managing a clinical scenario by preventing diseases and/or improving health. Among the different prebiotics, non-digestible carbohydrates are molecules that selectively enrich a typical class of bacteria with probiotic potential. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the different aspects of prebiotics, such as its production, characterization and purification by various techniques, and its link to novel product development at an industrial scale for wide-scale use in diverse range of health management applications. Furthermore, the path to effective valorization of agricultural residues in prebiotic production has been elucidated. This review also discusses the recent developments in application of genomic tools in the area of prebiotics for providing new insights into the taxonomic characterization of gut microorganisms, and exploring their functional metabolic pathways for enzyme synthesis. However, the information regarding the cumulative effect of prebiotics with beneficial bacteria, their colonization and its direct influence through altered metabolic profile is still getting established. The future of this area lies in the designing of clinical condition specific functional foods taking into consideration the host genotypes, thus facilitating the creation of balanced and required metabolome and enabling to maintain the healthy status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Rajkumar Chavan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suraj Prabhakarrao Nakhate
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bhagyashri Jagdishprasad Poddar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Vilasrao Gujar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- JoVE, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Anshuman Arun Khardenavis
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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13
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Giorgetti A, Paganini D, Nyilima S, Kottler R, Frick M, Karanja S, Hennet T, Zimmermann MB. The effects of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose, galacto-oligosaccharides, and maternal human milk oligosaccharide profile on iron absorption in Kenyan infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:64-72. [PMID: 36789945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), enhance iron absorption in infants is unknown. Moreover, whether maternal HMO profile affects absorption of iron fortificants or the effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and/or HMO on iron absorption is uncertain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether consumption of 3.0 g GOS or HMO enhances iron absorption from iron-fortified maize porridge in partially breastfed Kenyan infants and whether maternal HMO profile modulates these effects. METHODS In a randomized, prospective crossover study, 55 infants (aged 8-12 mo) were fed test meals fortified with 1 of the following: 1) 5.0 mg iron as 54Fe-labeled ferrous fumarate (FeFum); 2) 5.0 mg iron as 58FeFum and 3.0 g GOS (FeFum+GOS); and 3) 5.0 mg iron as 57FeFum and 2.0 g 2'-FL and 1.0 g LNnT (FeFum+HMO). Fractional iron absorption (FIA) was assessed by erythrocyte incorporation of iron isotopes. HMO profiles were determined by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced florescence detection. Data were analyzed with mixed-effect models, and iron dialyzability was measured in vitro. RESULTS Of the 55 infants included, 49 were fed as instructed. FIA from the FeFum+GOS group [median (IQR) 22.2% (16.5%-25.9%)] was higher than that from the FeFum group [12.5% (9.5%-20.9%)] (P = 0.005). FIA from the FeFum+HMO group was 13.3% (7.1%-24.4%) and did not differ from the FeFum group (P = 0.923). Maternal HMO profile did not predict FIA or modulate the effects of GOS or HMO on FIA. Iron dialyzability ratios at pH 2 of FeFum+GOS to FeFum and FeFum+HMO to FeFum were 2.1 and 0.9 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.322), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Kenyan infants consuming FeFum-fortified maize porridge, co-provision of 3.0 g GOS increased FIA by 78%, whereas co-provision of 3.0 g HMO did not affect FIA. Variations in maternal HMO profile, including secretor and Lewis phenotype, did not predict FIA. These data argue against a physiologic role for 2'-FL and LNnT in facilitating iron absorption in infancy. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04163406 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04163406).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Giorgetti
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Paganini
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suzane Nyilima
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Simon Karanja
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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In vitro digestibility of oligosaccharides synthesized by dairy propionibacteria β-galactosidase from lactose, lactulose and lactitol. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Souza AFCE, Gabardo S, Coelho RDJS. Galactooligosaccharides: Physiological benefits, production strategies, and industrial application. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:116-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Estimation of selectivities in transglycosylation systems with multiple transglycosylation products. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Enhanced thermal stability of the β-galactosidase BgaB from Bacillus circulans by cyclization mediated via SpyTag/SpyCatcher interaction and its use in galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2341-2352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Lin CC, Yang YC, Lu ZY, Bagal-Kestwal DR, Lu TJ. Profile diversity of galacto-oligosaccharides from disaccharides to hexasaccharides by porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 390:133151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Mei Z, Yuan J, Li D. Biological activity of galacto-oligosaccharides: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993052. [PMID: 36147858 PMCID: PMC9485631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are oligosaccharides formed by β-galactosidase transgalactosylation. GOS is an indigestible food component that can pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract relatively intact and ferment in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that further regulate the body’s intestinal flora. GOS and other prebiotics are increasingly recognized as useful food tools for regulating the balance of colonic microbiota-human health. GOS performed well compared to other oligosaccharides in regulating gut microbiota, body immunity, and food function. This review summarizes the sources, classification, preparation methods, and biological activities of GOS, focusing on the introduction and summary of the effects of GOS on ulcerative colitis (UC), to gain a comprehensive understanding of the application of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, Luzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Luzhou Second People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiaqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Dandan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Li,
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20
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Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Liaqat H, Mushtaq A, Khan S, Amin S, Qi X. Recent Advances in the Production, Analysis, and Application of Galacto-Oligosaccharides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2097255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sonia Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Amin
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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21
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Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Anemia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071330. [PMID: 35889049 PMCID: PMC9317605 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is very common and affects approximately 1/3 of the world’s human population. There are strong research data that some probiotics, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum improve iron absorption and influence the course of anemia. Furthermore, prebiotics, including galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), increase iron bioavailability and decrease its destructive effect on the intestinal microbiota. In addition, multiple postbiotics, which are probiotic metabolites, including vitamins, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and tryptophan, are involved in the regulation of intestinal absorption and may influence iron status in humans. This review presents the actual data from research studies on the influence of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics on the prevention and therapy of IDA and the latest findings regarding their mechanisms of action. A comparison of the latest research data and theories regarding the role of pre-, post-, and probiotics and the mechanism of their action in anemias is also presented and discussed.
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22
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Echegaray N, Yegin S, Kumar M, Hassoun A, Bastianello Campagnol PC, Lorenzo JM. Application of oligosaccharides in meat processing and preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10947-10958. [PMID: 35648076 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, consumer preference and attention to foodstuff presented as healthy and with desirable nutritional information, has increased significantly. In this field, the meat industry has a challenging task since meat and meat products have been related to various chronic diseases. Functional ingredients have emerged in response to the increasing demand for healthier and more nutritious foods. On this matter, oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and chitooligosaccharides (COS) have been presented as suitable ingredients for the meat industry with the aim of obtaining healthier meat derivatives (e.g. with low fat or sugar content, reduced amount of additives, and desirable functional properties, etc.). However, studies considering application of such oligomers in the meat sector are scarce. In addition, a large number of issues remain to be solved related both to obtaining and characterizing the oligosaccharides available in the industry and to the effect that these ingredients have on the features of meat products (mainly physicochemical and sensory). The study of new oligosaccharides, the methodologies for obtaining them, and their application to new meat products should be promoted, as well as improving knowledge about their effects on the properties of functional meat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Echegaray
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sirma Yegin
- Department of Food Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
- Syrian Academic Expertise (SAE), Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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23
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Prebiotics as a Tool for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Classification and Ability to Modulate the Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116097. [PMID: 35682774 PMCID: PMC9181475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are metabolic diseases that have become alarming conditions in recent decades. Their rate of increase is becoming a growing concern worldwide. Recent studies have established that the composition and dysfunction of the gut microbiota are associated with the development of diabetes. For this reason, strategies such as the use of prebiotics to improve intestinal microbial structure and function have become popular. Consumption of prebiotics for modulating the gut microbiota results in the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that play essential roles in reducing blood glucose levels, mitigating insulin resistance, reducing inflammation, and promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the host, and this accounts for the observed remission of metabolic diseases. Prebiotics can be either naturally extracted from non-digestible carbohydrate materials or synthetically produced. In this review, we discussed current findings on how the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites may influence host metabolism to promote health. We provided evidence from various studies that show the ability of prebiotic consumption to alter gut microbial profile, improve gut microbial metabolism and functions, and improve host physiology to alleviate diabetes and obesity. We conclude among other things that the application of systems biology coupled with bioinformatics could be essential in ascertaining the exact mechanisms behind the prebiotic–gut microbe–host interactions required for diabetes and obesity improvement.
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24
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Maráz A, Kovács Z, Benjamins E, Pázmándi M. Recent developments in microbial production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:95. [PMID: 35441950 PMCID: PMC9021073 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are used as prebiotic ingredients in various food and pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, production of GOS involves the enzymatic conversion of lactose by transgalactosylation using β-galactosidase. The purity of the resulting product is low, typically limited to up to 55% GOS on total carbohydrate basis due to the presence of non-reacted lactose, and the formation of by-products glucose and galactose. In industrial practice high-purity GOS is manufactured by removing the unwanted mono- and disaccharides from raw GOS with simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. This purification step is associated with high processing cost that increases the price of pure GOS and limits its marketability. The last decades have witnessed a growing interest in developing competitive biotechnological processes that could replace chromatography. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recent advancements of microbial GOS purification, a process commonly referred to as selective fermentation or selective metabolism. Purification strategies include: (i) removal of glucose alone or together with galactose by lactose negative yeast species, that typically results in purity values below 60% due to remaining lactose; (ii) removal of both mono- and disaccharides by combining the fast monosaccharide metabolizing capacity of some yeast species with efficient lactose consumption by certain lactose positive microbes, reaching GOS purity in the range of 60-95%; and (iii) the application of selected strains of Kluyveromyces species with high lactose metabolizing activity to achieve high-purity GOS that is practically free from lactose and monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maráz
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Somlói út 14-16, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Somlói út 14-16, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Kocot AM, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Drabińska N. Overview of the Importance of Biotics in Gut Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052896. [PMID: 35270039 PMCID: PMC8911280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased gut permeability is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of a growing number of disorders. The altered intestinal barrier and the subsequent translocation of bacteria or bacterial products into the internal milieu of the human body induce the inflammatory state. Gut microbiota maintains intestinal epithelium integrity. Since dysbiosis contributes to increased gut permeability, the interventions that change the gut microbiota and correct dysbiosis are suggested to also restore intestinal barrier function. In this review, the current knowledge on the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics) in maintaining the intestinal barrier function is summarized. The potential outcome of the results from in vitro and animal studies is presented, and the need for further well-designed randomized clinical trials is highlighted. Moreover, we indicate the need to understand the mechanisms by which biotics regulate the function of the intestinal barrier. This review is concluded with the future direction and requirement of studies involving biotics and gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Kocot
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialized Children’s Hospital, Żołnierska St. 18A, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
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26
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Mueller I, Runne E, Hamel C. Comparative Study on Mechanistic Kinetic Modeling of the Enzymatic Synthesis of Galacto‐Oligosaccharides. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mueller
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering Bernburger Straße 55 06366 Koethen Anhalt Germany
| | - Eike Runne
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering Bernburger Straße 55 06366 Koethen Anhalt Germany
| | - Christof Hamel
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering Bernburger Straße 55 06366 Koethen Anhalt Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Faculty of Process- and Systems Engineering Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
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27
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Botelho VA, Mateus M, Petrus JCC, de Pinho MN. Membrane Bioreactor for Simultaneous Synthesis and Fractionation of Oligosaccharides. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020171. [PMID: 35207092 PMCID: PMC8876974 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic sugars obtained enzymatically from lactose and used in food industry due to their nutritional advantages or technological properties. Selective mass transport and enzymatic synthesis were integrated and followed using a membrane bioreactor, so that selective removal of reaction products may lead to increased conversions of product-inhibited or thermodynamically unfavorable reactions. GOS syntheses were conducted on lactose solutions (150 g·L−1) at 40 °C and 10 Uβ-galactosidase.mL−1, and sugar fractionation was performed by cellulose acetate membranes. Effects of pressure (20; 24 bar) and crossflow velocity (1.7; 2.0; 2.4 m·s−1) on bioreactor performance were studied. Simultaneous GOS synthesis and production fractionation increased GOS production by 60%, in comparison to the same reactions promoted without permeation. The presence of a high-molecular-weight solute, the enzyme, in association with high total sugar concentration, leads to complex selective mass transfer characteristics. Without the enzyme, the membrane presented tight ultrafiltration characteristics, permeating mono- and disaccharides and retaining just 25% of trisaccharides. During simultaneous synthesis and fractionation, GOS-3 were totally retained, and GOS-2 and monosaccharides were retained at 80% and 40%, respectively. GOS synthesis—hydrolysis evolution was strongly dependent on crossflow velocity at 20 bar but became fairly independent at 24 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Botelho
- Institute of Food Engineering, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Corrêa, 01-Guamá, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Marília Mateus
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB) and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.C.C.P.)
| | - José C. C. Petrus
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Centro Tecnológico (CTC), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa Postal 476, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.C.C.P.)
| | - Maria Norberta de Pinho
- Centre of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA) and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory of Physics for
Materials and Emergent Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Recent Advances in the Application of Enzyme Processing Assisted by Ultrasound in Agri-Foods: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of processes is essential for the sustainability of the biorefinery concept. Enzyme catalysis assisted by ultrasound (US) may offer interesting opportunities in the agri-food sector because the cavitation effect provided by this technology has been shown to improve the efficiency of the biocatalysts. This review presents the recent advances in this field, focused on three main applications: ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extractions (UAEE), US hydrolysis reactions, and synthesis reactions assisted by US for the manufacturing of agri-food produce and ingredients, enabling the upgrading of agro-industrial waste. Some theoretical and experimental aspects of US that must be considered are also reviewed. Ultrasonic intensity (UI) is the main parameter affecting the catalytic activity of enzymes, but a lack of standardization for its quantification makes it unsuitable to properly compare results. Applications of enzyme catalysis assisted by US in agri-foods have been mostly concentrated in UAEE of bioactive compounds. In second place, US hydrolysis reactions have been applied for juice and beverage manufacturing, with some interesting applications for producing bioactive peptides. In last place, a few efforts have been performed regarding synthesis reactions, mainly through trans and esterification to produce structured lipids and sugar esters, while incipient applications for the synthesis of oligosaccharides show promising results. In most cases, US has improved the reaction yield, but much information is lacking on how different sonication conditions affect kinetic parameters. Future research should be performed under a multidisciplinary approach for better comprehension of a very complex phenomenon that occurs in very short time periods.
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29
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Ambrogi V, Bottacini F, Mac Sharry J, van Breen J, O'Keeffe E, Walsh D, Schoemaker B, Cao L, Kuipers B, Lindner C, Jimeno ML, Doyagüez EG, Hernandez-Hernandez O, Moreno FJ, Schoterman M, van Sinderen D. Bifidobacterial β-Galactosidase-Mediated Production of Galacto-Oligosaccharides: Structural and Preliminary Functional Assessments. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750635. [PMID: 34777303 PMCID: PMC8581567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study the ability of four previously characterized bifidobacterial β-galactosidases (designated here as BgaA, BgaC, BgaD, and BgaE) to produce galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) was optimized. Of these enzymes, BgaA and BgaE were found to be promising candidates for GOS production (and the corresponding GOS mixtures were called GOS-A and GOS-E, respectively) with a GOS concentration of 19.0 and 40.3% (of the initial lactose), respectively. GOS-A and GOS-E were partially purified and structurally characterized. NMR analysis revealed that the predominant (non-lactose) disaccharide was allo-lactose in both purified GOS preparations. The predominant trisaccharide in GOS-A and GOS-E was shown to be 3′-galactosyllactose, with lower levels of 6′-galactosyllactose and 4′-galactosyllactose. These three oligosaccharides have also been reported to occur in human milk. Purified GOS-A and GOS-E were shown to be able to support bifidobacterial growth similar to a commercially available GOS. In addition, GOS-E and the commercially available GOS were shown to be capable of reducing Escherichia coli adhesion to a C2BBe1 cell line. Both in vitro bifidogenic activity and reduced E. coli adhesion support the prebiotic potential of GOS-E and GOS-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ambrogi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Mac Sharry
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Ellen O'Keeffe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dan Walsh
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Linqiu Cao
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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30
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Ambrogi V, Bottacini F, Cao L, Kuipers B, Schoterman M, van Sinderen D. Galacto-oligosaccharides as infant prebiotics: production, application, bioactive activities and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:753-766. [PMID: 34477457 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1953437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides characterized by a mix of structures that vary in their degree of polymerization (DP) and glycosidic linkage between the galactose moieties or between galactose and glucose. They have enjoyed extensive scientific scrutiny, and their health-promoting effects are supported by a large number of scientific and clinical studies. A variety of GOS-associated health-promoting effects have been reported, such as growth promotion of beneficial bacteria, in particular bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, inhibition of pathogen adhesion and improvement of gut barrier function. GOS have attracted significant interest from food industries for their versatility as a bioactive ingredient and in particular as a functional component of infant formulations. These oligosaccharides are produced in a kinetically-controlled reaction involving lactose transgalactosylation, being catalyzed by particular β-galactosidases of bacterial or fungal origin. Despite the well-established technology applied for GOS production, this process may still meet with technological challenges when employed at an industrial scale. The current review will cover relevant scientific literature on the beneficial physiological properties of GOS as a prebiotic for the infant gut microbiota, details of GOS structures, the associated reaction mechanism of β-galactosidase, and its (large-scale) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ambrogi
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Linqiu Cao
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Kuipers
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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31
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Mollakhalili-Meybodi N, Arab M, Nematollahi A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Prebiotic wheat bread: Technological, sensorial and nutritional perspectives and challenges. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Hackenhaar CR, Spolidoro LS, Flores EEE, Klein MP, Hertz PF. Batch synthesis of galactooligosaccharides from co-products of milk processing using immobilized β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Divyashri G, Sadanandan B, Chidambara Murthy KN, Shetty K, Mamta K. Neuroprotective Potential of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: An Overview of Experimental Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:712531. [PMID: 34497516 PMCID: PMC8419344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.712531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) from dietary sources have the potential as prebiotics for neuroprotection. Globally, diverse populations suffering from one or the other forms of neurodegenerative disorders are on the rise, and NDOs have the potential as supportive complementary therapeutic options against these oxidative-linked disorders. Elevated levels of free radicals cause oxidative damage to biological molecules like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids associated with various neurological disorders. Therefore, investigating the therapeutic or prophylactic potential of prebiotic bioactive molecules such as NDOs as supplements for brain and cognitive health has merits. Few prebiotic NDOs have shown promise as persuasive therapeutic solutions to counter oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals directly or indirectly. Furthermore, they are also known to modulate through brain-derived neurotrophic factors through direct and indirect mechanisms conferring neuroprotective and neuromodulating benefits. Specifically, NDOs such as fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides, pectic-oligosaccharides, and similar oligosaccharides positively influence the overall health via various mechanisms. Increasing evidence has suggested that the beneficial role of such prebiotic NDOs is not only directed towards the colon but also distal organs including the brain. Despite the wide applications of these classes of NDOs as health supplements, there is limited understanding of the possible role of these NDOs as neuroprotective therapeutics. This review provides important insights into prebiotic NDOs, their source, and production with special emphasis on existing direct and indirect evidence of their therapeutic potential in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Divyashri
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kotamballi N Chidambara Murthy
- Central Research Laboratory and Division of Research and Patents, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Kumari Mamta
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
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34
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Fischer C, Kleinschmidt T. Valorisation of sweet whey by fermentation with mixed yoghurt starter cultures with focus on galactooligosaccharide synthesis. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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Tavernini L, Romero O, Aburto C, López-Gallego F, Illanes A, Wilson L. Development of a Hybrid Bioinorganic Nanobiocatalyst: Remarkable Impact of the Immobilization Conditions on Activity and Stability of β-Galactosidase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144152. [PMID: 34299429 PMCID: PMC8303607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid bioinorganic biocatalysts have received much attention due to their simple synthesis, high efficiency, and structural features that favor enzyme activity and stability. The present work introduces a biomineralization strategy for the formation of hybrid nanocrystals from β-galactosidase. The effects of the immobilization conditions were studied, identifying the important effect of metal ions and pH on the immobilization yield and the recovered activity. For a deeper understanding of the biomineralization process, an in silico study was carried out to identify the ion binding sites at the different conditions. The selected β-galactosidase nanocrystals showed high specific activity (35,000 IU/g biocatalyst) and remarkable thermal stability with a half-life 11 times higher than the soluble enzyme. The nanobiocatalyst was successfully tested for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides, achieving an outstanding performance, showing no signs of diffusional limitations. Thus, a new, simple, biocompatible and inexpensive nanobiocatalyst was produced with high enzyme recovery (82%), exhibiting high specific activity and high stability, with promising industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tavernini
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (L.T.); (C.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Oscar Romero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (L.T.); (C.A.); (A.I.)
- Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Carla Aburto
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (L.T.); (C.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andrés Illanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (L.T.); (C.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (L.T.); (C.A.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: (O.R.); (L.W.)
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Wang G, Wang H, Chen Y, Pei X, Sun W, Liu L, Wang F, Umar Yaqoob M, Tao W, Xiao Z, Jin Y, Yang ST, Lin D, Wang M. Optimization and comparison of the production of galactooligosaccharides using free or immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, followed by purification using silica gel. Food Chem 2021; 362:130195. [PMID: 34082294 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize and compare the production of galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) by free and cotton cloth-immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, and perform economical evaluation of production of GOSs (100%) between them. Using the response surface method, the optimal reaction time (3.9 h), initial lactose concentration (57.13%), and enzyme to lactose ratio (44.81 U/g) were obtained for the free enzyme, which provided a GOSs yield of 32.62%. For the immobilized enzyme, the optimal yield of GOSs (32.48%) was obtained under reaction time (3.09 h), initial lactose concentration (52.74%), and temperature (50.0 ℃). And it showed desirable reusability during five successive enzymatic reactions. The recovery rate of GOSs (100%) is 65% using silica gel filtration chromatography. The economical evaluation showed almost no difference in the manufacturing cost for the GOSs (100%) between these two systems, and that the recovery rate had a great impact on the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wanjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Umar Yaqoob
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuyue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongqiang Lin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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37
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Pázmándi M, Kovács Z, Maráz A. Potential of Lactobacillus strains for the production of fermented functional beverages enriched in galacto-oligosaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Todea A, Benea IC, Bîtcan I, Péter F, Klébert S, Feczkó T, Károly Z, Biró E. One-pot biocatalytic conversion of lactose to gluconic acid and galacto-oligosaccharides using immobilized β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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β-Galactosidase-Producing Isolates in Mucoromycota: Screening, Enzyme Production, and Applications for Functional Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030229. [PMID: 33808917 PMCID: PMC8003776 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosidases of Mucoromycota are rarely studied, although this group of filamentous fungi is an excellent source of many industrial enzymes. In this study, 99 isolates from the genera Lichtheimia, Mortierella, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus and Umbelopsis, were screened for their β-galactosidase activity using a chromogenic agar approach. Ten isolates from the best producers were selected, and the activity was further investigated in submerged (SmF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation systems containing lactose and/or wheat bran substrates as enzyme production inducers. Wheat bran proved to be efficient for the enzyme production under both SmF and SSF conditions, giving maximum specific activity yields from 32 to 12,064 U/mg protein and from 783 to 22,720 U/mg protein, respectively. Oligosaccharide synthesis tests revealed the suitability of crude β-galactosidases from Lichtheimia ramosa Szeged Microbiological Collection (SZMC) 11360 and Rhizomucor pusillus SZMC 11025 to catalyze transgalactosylation reactions. In addition, the crude enzyme extracts had transfructosylation activity, resulting in the formation of fructo-oligosaccharide molecules in a sucrose-containing environment. The maximal oligosaccharide concentration varied between 0.0158 and 2.236 g/L depending on the crude enzyme and the initial material. Some oligosaccharide-enriched mixtures supported the growth of probiotics, indicating the potential of the studied enzyme extracts in future prebiotic synthesis processes.
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40
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Abbasi AR, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhao A, Ying H, Qu L, Alam MA, Xiong W, Xu J, Lv Y. Recent Advances in Producing Sugar Alcohols and Functional Sugars by Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:648382. [PMID: 33777917 PMCID: PMC7992007 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.648382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohols and functional sugars have wide applications in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. However, the smaller quantities of natural occurring sugar alcohols and functional sugars restricted their applications. The enzymatic and whole-cell catalyst production is emerging as the predominant alternatives. The properties of Yarrowia lipolytica make it a promising sugar alcohol and functional sugar producer. However, there are still some issues to be resolved. As there exist reviews about the chemical structures, physicochemical properties, biological functions, applications, and biosynthesis of sugar alcohols and/or functional sugars in Y. lipolytica, this mini review will not only update the recent advances in enzymatic and microbial production of sugar alcohols (erythritol, D-threitol, and xylitol) and functional sugars (isomaltulose, trehalose, fructo-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides) by using recombinant Y. lipolytica but also focus on the studies of gene discovery, pathway engineering, expanding substrate scope, bioprocess engineering, and novel breeding methods to resolve the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinle Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Md. Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Tuoyang Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University Industrial Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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41
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Rengel Dos Passos F, Lopes Maestre K, Florêncio da Silva B, Rodrigues AC, Contini Triques C, Alves Garcia H, Fagundes-Klen MR, Antonio da Silva E, Fiorese ML. Production of a synbiotic composed of galacto-oligosaccharides and Saccharomyces boulardii using enzymatic-fermentative method. Food Chem 2021; 353:129486. [PMID: 33735774 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the search for healthy alimentation and sustainable technological processes, this study aimed to produce a synbiotic composed of the prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, simultaneously, using cheese whey permeate as substrate by enzymatic-fermentative method. A central composite rotatable design with center point was used to evaluate the influence of temperature and enzyme concentration in the GOS and S. boulardii production. The best condition to obtain the prebiotic was at 32 °C and enzyme concentration of 0.175% (w/w), providing 56.84 g L-1 of GOS concentration and Ln(3.59) 107 viable cells mL-1 of S. boulardii production. However, the condition that would favor the simultaneous production of GOS and S. boulardii studied through desirability function is 29.5 °C and 0.14% (w/w) of enzyme concentration. The simultaneous enzymatic-fermentative method showed promising results considering industrial application and can be easily incorporated into dairy production lines as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rengel Dos Passos
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil.
| | - Keiti Lopes Maestre
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Florêncio da Silva
- West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Angela Claudia Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology - Paraná - UTFPR, Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência, Medianeira 85884-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Carina Contini Triques
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Helio Alves Garcia
- Sooro Renner Nutrição S.A. Rod. BR 163 - Km 283,8, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000 PR, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Edson Antonio da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lady Fiorese
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil
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42
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Figueroa-Lozano S, Ren C, Yin H, Pham H, van Leeuwen S, Dijkhuizen L, de Vos P. The impact of oligosaccharide content, glycosidic linkages and lactose content of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the expression of mucus-related genes in goblet cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:3506-3515. [PMID: 32253406 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been reported to modulate the function of intestinal goblet cells and to improve mucus barrier function. However, GOS is available in many structurally different compositions and it is unknown how GOS structural diversity impacts this modulation of goblet cells. This study aims to investigate the effects of oligosaccharide content and glycosidic linkages of GOS on expression of genes associated with the secretory function of goblet cells. To investigate the effect of oligosaccharide content, LS174T cells were incubated with (β1 → 4)GOS of variable transgalactosylated oligosaccharides and lactose (Lac) composition. To investigate the effect of glycosidic linkages, we compared the effects of (β1 → 4)GOS with (β1 → 3)GOS, and with a mixture of α-linked oligosaccharides (lactose-derived oligosaccharides-LDO). The changes in mRNA expression of mucus-related genes were assessed by RT-PCR. GOS containing Lac significantly enhanced the expression of MUC2, TFF3 and RETNLB but not of Golgi sulfotransferases genes. In contrast, GOS without Lac did not impact these genes. Lac alone significantly enhanced MUC2, TFF3, RETNLB, CHST5, and GAL3ST2 genes suggesting that Lac might be responsible for goblet cell modulation in (β1 → 4)GOS preparations. (β1 → 3)GOS induced the expression of MUC2 and TFF3, and downregulated the RETNLB gene. Compared with the (β1 → 3) and GOS (β1 → 4)GOS, the α-linked LDO significantly upregulated the expression MUC2, TFF3, RETNLB and the Golgi sulfotransferases genes. We identify structural features of GOS that contribute to enhanced mucus integrity. Our study might lead to better GOS formulations for foods to prevent or treat different types of intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Figueroa-Lozano
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (RUG-UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chengcheng Ren
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (RUG-UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Huifang Yin
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hien Pham
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands and Department of Laboratory Medicine, RUG-UMCG, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands and CarbExplore Research BV, Zernikepark 12, 9747 AN Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (RUG-UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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43
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Draft Genome Sequence of a Highly Pigmented Bacterium Paracoccus marcusii KGP Capable of Producing Galacto-oligosaccharides Synthesising Enzyme. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:634-641. [PMID: 33394084 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Paracoccus marcusii KGP, isolated from the marine sediment collected from the coast of the Bay of Bengal, was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. The assembled genome sequence consists of seven contigs and has a 4,085,678 bp circular chromosome with 1647 coding genes and a G+C content of 66.7%. Besides, the genome of P. marcusii KGP contains three copies of the rrn operon. The genes coding for the industrially relevant enzymes and secondary metabolites such as β-galactosidase, protease, amylase, β-glucosidase, ectoine, indigoidine, and carotenoid biosynthesis clusters were also identified in the genome. When the β-galactosidase extracted from P. marcusii KGP was mixed with a high concentration of lactose, galacto-oligosaccharides were produced, which revealed the transgalactosylation property of the enzyme. The genome sequence of P. marcusii KGP was found to have an average nucleotide identity value of 96.16 and a digital DNA-DNA hybridisation value of 73.90% with the genome sequence of P. marcusii CGMCC. Furthermore, by comparing the genome sequences of both strains, it was found that the size of the KGP genome was large, indicating the possibility of strain-specific genes in addition to core genes.
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Yañez-Ñeco CV, Cervantes FV, Amaya-Delgado L, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ, Arrizon J. Synthesis of β(1 → 3) and β(1 → 6) galactooligosaccharides from lactose and whey using a recombinant β-galactosidase from Pantoea anthophila. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Alnadari F, Xue Y, Almakas A, Mohedein A, Samie A, Abdel-Shafi M, Abdin M. Large batch production of Galactooligosaccharides using β-glucosidase immobilized on chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13589. [PMID: 33368567 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-glucosidase (BglA) immobilization from Thermotoga maritima on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with chitosan (Cs) were efficiently investigated to improve lactose conversion and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) production. We used a batch method in order to improve the conversion of lactose to GOS. The efficiency and yield of immobilization were 79% and immobilized BglA was effectively recycled via a magnetic separation procedure through a batch-wise GOS with no activity lessening. Furthermore, analyses were done through screening kinetics of enzyme activity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Proposed methodology of immobilization shows a potential application as it is stable which was proved through many methods including pH, temperature, heat treatment, storage, and kinetics of the enzyme. GOS and residual enzyme activity showed to be 28.76 and 40.44%, respectively. However, free enzyme synthesis of GOS yield was just 24% after 12 hr. This study proposed applying magnet in the immobilization process of BglA on Cs-MNPs to produce GOS as new method for immobilizing enzyme in a biostable and cost-efficient way. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper focus on immobilization of BglA from T. maritima onto MNPs functionalized with CS to investigate their further possibility improving lactose conversion and GOS production. Interestingly, a successful immobilization of Tm-BglA on the substrates were achieved in Cs-MNPs. The obtained results from enzyme activity, SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, and TEM showed that the high binding capacity of BglA to Cs-MNPs was successfully obtained. Furthermore, the binding efficiency calculation indicated that the immobilized BglA-Cs-MNPs conserved 40.44% of its native activity at the end of its 6th repeated use. In addition, magnetic separation technique was successfully employed for reuse of the immobilized BglA for repetitive batch-wise GOS without significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawze Alnadari
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yemin Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Aisha Almakas
- Department of Crops and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Amani Mohedein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Abdel Samie
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Agriculture Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Chourasia R, Abedin MM, Chiring Phukon L, Sahoo D, Singh SP, Rai AK. Biotechnological approaches for the production of designer cheese with improved functionality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:960-979. [PMID: 33325160 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cheese is a product of ancient biotechnological practices, which has been revolutionized as a functional food product in many parts of the world. Bioactive compounds, such as peptides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, have been identified in traditional cheese products, which demonstrate functional properties such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulation, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Besides, cheese-making probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a positive impact on gut health, aiding in digestion, and improved nutrient absorption. Advancement in biotechnological research revealed the potential of metabolite production with prebiotics and bioactive functions in several strains of LAB, yeast, and filamentous fungi. The application of specific biocatalyst producing microbial strains enhances nutraceutical value, resulting in designer cheese products with multifarious health beneficial effects. This review summarizes the biotechnological approaches applied in designing cheese products with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Md Minhajul Abedin
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India.,Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
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Kim SY, Kim SA, Jang YJ, Seo SO, Han NS. Screening of endogenous strong promoters of Leuconostoc citreum EFEL2700 based on transcriptome analysis and its application for food-grade production of β-galactosidase. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:1-6. [PMID: 33278464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leuconostoc citreum is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium frequently found in the various fermented foods. L. citreum EFEL2700 isolated from Korean kimchi has been used as a host strain for biotechnological applications. For the use as a food-grade host to over-produce food ingredients or enzymes, strong endogenous promoters guarantying high expression levels of target genes are necessary. In this study, transcriptomic analysis of L. citreum EFEL2700 was performed using RNA-Seq and three promoters of the most highly expressed genes were selected: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and phosphoketolase (PPK). Thereafter, they were used as promoters to express β-galactosidase gene from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 in L. citreum EFEL2700 and the levels were compared with the control promoter P710 from L. mesenteroides ATCC 8293. As results, the β-galactosidase activities of the transformants were 2.73, 0.27, 37.43, and 9.25 units/mg under the P710, G3PD, 6PGD, and PPK promoters, respectively. The expression level of endogenous promoter 6PGD was superior to the heterologous P710 promoter previously used in a Leuconostoc-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. The 6PGD developed in this study can be used as the most suitable promoter for β-galactosidase expression in L. citreum EFEL2700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ah Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Jang
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Kruschitz A, Nidetzky B. Downstream processing technologies in the biocatalytic production of oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mahato DK, Keast R, Liem DG, Russell CG, Cicerale S, Gamlath S. Sugar Reduction in Dairy Food: An Overview with Flavoured Milk as an Example. Foods 2020; 9:E1400. [PMID: 33023125 PMCID: PMC7600122 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the public health concern associated with the consumption of added sugar, the World Health Organization recommends cutting down sugar in processed foods. Furthermore, due to the growing concern of increased calorie intake from added sugar in sweetened dairy foods, the present review provides an overview of different types and functions of sugar, various sugar reduction strategies, and current trends in the use of sweeteners for sugar reduction in dairy food, taking flavoured milk as a central theme where possible to explore the aforementioned aspects. The strength and uniqueness of this review are that it brings together all the information on the available types of sugar and sugar reduction strategies and explores the current trends that could be applied for reducing sugar in dairy foods without much impact on consumer acceptance. Among different strategies for sugar reduction, the use of natural non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs), has received much attention due to consumer demand for natural ingredients. Sweetness imparted by sugar can be replaced by natural NNSs, however, sugar provides more than just sweetness to flavoured milk. Sugar reduction involves multiple technical challenges to maintain the sensory properties of the product, as well as to maintain consumer acceptance. Because no single sugar has a sensory profile that matches sucrose, the use of two or more natural NNSs could be an option for food industries to reduce sugar using a holistic approach rather than a single sugar reduction strategy. Therefore, achieving even a small sugar reduction can significantly improve the diet and health of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (R.K.); (D.G.L.); (C.G.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.)
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Invited Review: Strategic use of microbial-based probiotics and prebiotics in dairy calf rearing. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2020-02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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