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Hou M, Wang Z, Sun L, Jia Y, Wang S, Cai Y. Characteristics of lactic acid bacteria, microbial community and fermentation dynamics of native grass silage prepared in Inner Mongolian Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1072140. [PMID: 36699609 PMCID: PMC9868709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1072140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To prepare high-quality silage, we studied the chemical composition, silage fermentation, characterization, and identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with the silage fermentation of native grass on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Methods LAB were isolated from fresh native grass and their silage, and silages were prepared using a small-scale fermentation system with 2-3 cm length in plastic bags. Results The dominant species of native grasses used were Stipa baicalensis, Leymus chinensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Melissilus ruthenicus and Pulsatilla turczaninovii, which contained 47.83-59.43 % moisture, 55.12-67.74 % neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 8.72-14.55 crude protein (CP), and these nutrients did not change greatly during ensiling. Good preservation with a relatively low pH (below 4.44) and high (p < 0.05) lactic acid content (>0.58) was obtained after ensiling. Based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics, these isolates were divided into 12 groups (A-L). All isolate strains were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria that produce lactic acid from glucose. Group A-K were cocci, while group L was rod-shaped. Group A-E formed D-lactic acid, but group H-K formed L-lactic acid, and other groups formed DL-lactic acid. Group A-E were heterofermentative, and Group F-L were homofermentative types of LAB. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strains were identified as genus Leuconostoc (A, B, and C), Weissellla (D, E), Pediococcus (F, G), Enterococcus (H, I, J and K), and Lactiplantibacillus (L). Enterococcus (E.) faecium (29.17%, percentage of total isolates) and Pediococcus (P.) acidilactici (18.75%) were the most frequently occurring dominant species. Discussion This study suggests that the native grasses contained abundant LAB species, and they can be used as good-quality silages in animal husbandry. In addition, the strains P. acidilactici and E. faecium were the most frequently isolated from native grass silages as dominant species which can be a potentially excellent inoculant for native grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Hou
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China,Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Zhijun Wang, ; Yimin Cai,
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Science & Animal Husbandry, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan,*Correspondence: Zhijun Wang, ; Yimin Cai,
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Hu W, Zhou L, Chen JH. Conversion sweet sorghum biomass to produce value-added products. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:72. [PMID: 35765054 PMCID: PMC9241265 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrently, most biotechnological products are produced from sugar- or starch-containing crops via microbial conversion, but accelerating the conflict with food supply. Thus, it has become increasingly interesting for industrial biotechnology to seek alternative non-food feedstock, such as sweet sorghum. Value-added chemical production from sweet sorghum not only alleviates dependency and conflict for traditional starch feedstocks (especially corn), but also improves efficient utilization of semi‐arid agricultural land resources, especially for China. Sweet sorghum is rich in components, such as fermentable carbohydrates, insoluble lignocellulosic parts and bioactive compounds, making it more likely to produce value-added chemicals. Thus, this review highlights detailed bioconversion methods and its applications for the production of value-added products from sweet sorghum biomass. Moreover, strategies and new perspectives on improving the production economics of sweet sorghum biomass utilization are also discussed, aiming to develop a competitive sweet sorghum-based economy.
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Zhang M, Wu N, Fan Y, Xu C, Luo J, Wang Y, Yu K, Wang M. Proteomic Profiling and Stress Response in Pediococcus acidilactici under Acetic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12708-12721. [PMID: 36125361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are indispensable functional microorganisms for cereal vinegar brewing, but cell activities are inhibited by the dominant acetic acid stress. Herein, an acetic-acid-tolerant strain isolated previously was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, which also exhibited good resistance to other stresses during vinegar brewing. Proteomics analysis evidenced that differentially expressed proteins involved in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, and sugar phosphotransferase system were all downregulated. Meanwhile, saturation of fatty acids and antioxidant enzymes was strengthened. The effects of several proteins on the resistance of P. acidilactici and Lactobacillus lactis relied on the types of strain and stress. AccA and AcpP participating in fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis and Mnc related to stress response were found to protect cells by modifying fatty acid compositions and reinforcing the antioxidant defense system. Our works deepen the mechanisms of P. acidilactici under acetic acid and offer targets for engineering cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoye Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - JianMei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
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Du S, You S, Jiang X, Li Y, Jia Y. Dynamics of the fermentation quality and microbiota in Ephedra sinica treated native grass silage. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3465-3475. [PMID: 35962633 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica on physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community of ensiled native grass by multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatments were a control treatment with no additive (CON), Ephedra sinica was added at 1% (CEa1), 3% (CEa2) and 5% of the fresh materials (CEa3). Compared to the CON group, the dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate contents were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CEa1 group. Compared to the CON group, the pH was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Ephedra sinica treated silages, and the higher lactic acid content was observed in Ephedra sinica treated silages. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella were the predominant member in the CON, CEa1, CEa2 and CEa3 groups, respectively. The abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa1 group and Pediococcus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa2 group. According to the 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional profiles, the inoculation of Ephedra sinica accelerated the carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the addition of Ephedra sinica could improve the silage quality of native grass by regulating the bacterial community and the addition of a 1% percentage of fresh materials exhibited the potential possibility in responding to get high-quality native grass silages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The utilization of herbal additives on fermentation quality combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses will contribute to the direction of future research in improving silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019, Hohhot, China
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You S, Du S, Ge G, Wan T, Jia Y. Microbial Community and Fermentation Characteristics of Native Grass Prepared Without or With Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Mongolian Plateau. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731770. [PMID: 34659159 PMCID: PMC8517267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the native grass and naturally fermented silage from the Mongolian Plateau. The effect of selected strains on bacterial community and quality of native grass silage was also studied. Strains XM2, 265, and 842 could grow normally at 15°C–30°C, pH 4.0–8.0, and NaCl 3 and 6.5%; they were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Latilactobacillus graminis, by sequencing 16S rRNA, respectively. The three strains (XM2, 265, and 842) and one commercial additive (L) were used as inoculants and singularly added to the native grass. Compared to the control, the dry matter content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in L and XM2 groups. The water-soluble carbohydrate content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control than in other groups. Compared with the control, the crude protein and ammonia nitrogen contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in the LAB-treated groups, and the acid and detergent fiber contents were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the L and XM2 groups than those in other groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the pH value, lactic acid content, and lactic acid-to-acetic acid ratio in L and XM2 groups than in other groups. Compared with the control, the number of LAB was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in LAB-treated silages, whereas no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed in yeast and aerobic bacteria in all groups. Compared to the control, the Shannon index was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Simpson and Chao1 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed clear separation of the bacterial community in fresh materials and LAB-treated silages. Besides, compared to the control, the principal coordinate analysis of LAB-treated silages was also separate. After 30 days of fermentation, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and was the primary phylum in all silages. Compared with the control, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteriawas significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in L and XM2 groups. In contrast, no significant differences were observed among control, 265, and 842 groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Pediococcus, and Weissella was increased and dominated the native grass fermentation. Compared with the control, the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in L, XM2, and 842 groups, while no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between the control and 265 groups. The abundance of Pediococcus was higher than that in other groups. Consequently, the results demonstrated that LAB significantly influenced silage fermentation by reconstructing microbiota, and Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in the native grass silages. Furthermore, the results showed that strain XM2 could effectively improve the silage quality, and it is considered a potential starter for the native grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Food of North-West Himalayas. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous and are one of the major microbial groups involved in the fermentation of various types of food. They are the most dominant microbes present in milk or milk products and fermented foods where they play vital roles in both the manufacturing and ripening processes. Kaladhi is one of the traditional fermented products of the North-West Himalaya region. It is a hard and dry cheese. In our research, a total of 9 isolates was isolated and was evaluated on the basis of preliminary characterization viz. morphological as well as biochemical characterization and was examined for their antagonistic activity against following pathogens. On the basis of their maximum antagonistic potential against food-borne pathogenic bacteria, isolate K1 is characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolate was identified as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Tolerans strain NBRC 15906 K1|MN814072|.This research was aimed to study the unexplored microflora of Kaladhi and to determine its probiotic potential.
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Pitiwittayakul N, Bureenok S, Schonewille JT. Selective Thermotolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Effects on Fermentation Quality of Stylo Silages. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673946. [PMID: 34381426 PMCID: PMC8350162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented juice of tropical crops such as Napier grass, Ruzi grass, Purple guinea grass, Stylo legume, and Leucaena and their application to improve the quality of tropical crop silage. Fifteen strains of LAB were isolated. The LAB strains were Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria and could be divided into three groups, i.e., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactiplantibacillus (para)plantarum, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum according to the biochemical API 50CH test. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the strains isolated in the group L. (para)plantarum were distinguished. Two isolates (N3 and G4) were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Three isolates (St1, St2, and St3) were identified as L. paraplantarum. In addition, the identification of other isolates was confirmed in the group P. pentosaceus (R1, R4, R5, R8, R11, and L1) and the group L. fermentum (N4, G6, G7, and N4). All selected strains were able to grow at 50°C. All LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Four selected LAB strains (St1, St3, N4, and R4) were tested for their capacity to successfully ensile Stylo legume (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT184). Stylo silages treated with LAB were well preserved, the NH3–N and butyric acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content was higher than those in the control (p < 0.05). The acetic acid content was the highest in R4-treated silage among the treatments (p < 0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of St1-silage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the others. The inoculation of thermotolerant LAB selected from fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) was found to be highly instrumental to obtain well-preserved silage from the Stylo legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Pitiwittayakul
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Smerjai Bureenok
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jan Thomas Schonewille
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Isolation, identification and utilization of lactic acid bacteria from silage in a warm and humid climate area. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12586. [PMID: 34131227 PMCID: PMC8206206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from silages and their application to improve the fermentation quality of alfalfa. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from silages, and two strains were screened for growth and acid production rates. Then two strains were selected for Physiological and morphological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. They were Gram-positive and Catalase-negative and were able to grow at pH 3.5 and at 45 °C, were unable to grow different NaCl concentrations as 3.0% and 6.5%. Strain BDy3-10 was identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, while TSy1-3 was identified as L. buchneri. The selected strains were evaluated on fermentation of alfalfa silage. The highest crude protein content occurred in the BDy3-10 treatment group. The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the TSy1-3 treatment were significantly lower than other treatment (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, inoculation treatments deceased pH during ensiling (P < 0.001) and provided the most increased lactic acid content after ensiling for 10 days (P < 0.001). The acetic acid contents of all the inoculation groups were significantly increased (P < 0.001) during ensiling, and were lower than that of control group (P < 0.001). So, the TSy1-3 treatment most effectively improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage in warm and humid climate area.
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Zi X, Li M, Yu D, Tang J, Zhou H, Chen Y. Natural Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community of 12 Pennisetum sinese Varieties in Southern China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:627820. [PMID: 33995292 PMCID: PMC8116707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the fermentation quality of 12 varieties of Pennisetum sinese grown in different regions of Southern China. Following the production of silage from the natural fermentation of P. sinese, the interplay between the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, environmental factors, and microbiome was examined to understand the influence of these factors on the fermentation quality of silage. The silage quality produced by most of the P. sinese was low; the pH value of the silage was high (4.26–4.86), whilst the lactic acid content was low (10.7–24.1 g/kg DM), with V-scores between 57.9 and 78.3. The bacterial alpha diversities of the 12 P. sinese silages were distinct. There was a predominance of undesirable bacteria (Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Raoultella), which likely caused the poor fermentation quality. The chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the silage were closely correlated with the composition of the bacterial community. Furthermore, environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, humidity, location) were found to significantly influence the microbiome of the silage. The results confirmed that silage produced from the natural fermentation of 12 different P. sinese varieties had significant variation in their bacterial communities. The difference in environmental factors, due to the P. sinese being grown in various locations across south china, greatly affected the bacterial community found in the silage and thus the fermentation quality. The specific cultivar used for the silage and the environment in which the cultivar is grown must therefore be considered before the initiation of production of silage in order to ensure a higher quality product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Mao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Daogeng Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Yeyuan Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
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Shah AA, Wu J, Qian C, Liu Z, Mobashar M, Tao Z, Zhang X, Zhong X. Ensiling of whole-plant hybrid pennisetum with natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum impacts on fermentation characteristics and meta-genomic microbial community at low temperature. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3378-3385. [PMID: 32144784 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current research was to clarify the impacts of the ensiling of whole-plant hybrid pennisetum with natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and the meta-genomic microbial community at low temperatures. RESULTS During the ensiling process, lactic acid (LA) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) significantly (P < 0.05) increased and acetic acid (AA), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia total nitrogen (NH3-N), and yeast significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in treatments as compared to controls. Different treatments and different ensiling days led to variations in the bacterial community at family and genus levels. The family Lactobacillaceae and genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus are dominant communities in treatment silage. The family and genus levels bacterial ecology and fermentation quality were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCO1, and PCO2 can be explained by 10.81% and 72.14% of the whole variance regularly, similarly in PCO1 and PCO2 can be explained 24.23% and 52.06% regularly. The core bacterial micro-biome operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers increased in treatments, as compared to controls, on different hybrid pennisetum ensiling days. CONCLUSIONS The inoculation of L. plantarum alone and combined with natamycin influenced the fermentation quality and reduced undesirable microorganisms during the fermentation of hybrid pennisetum silage. Natamycin alone did not significantly enhance the concentration of organic acid but numerically enhanced in treatments group as compared to control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Juanzi Wu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qian
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Zhujun Tao
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhong
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
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11
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Dong M, Li Q, Xu F, Wang S, Chen J, Li W. Effects of microbial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of sweet sorghum bagasse silage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:837. [PMID: 31964930 PMCID: PMC6972861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a promising raw material for silage fermentation due to its high residual nutritive, but the efficient fermentation strategy of SSB has not been reported yet. This study evaluated the effects of microbial inoculant on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community of SSB silage. The silage inoculated with isolated lactic acid bacteria (LpE) achieved better fermentation than that of commercial inoculant A, B (CIA, CIB) and untreatment, including low pH value, high levels of lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, which demonstrated that the LpE inoculant could contribute to the preservation of nutrition and the manipulation of fermentation process of SSB. In addition, the results of microbial community analysis indicated that the LpE inoculant significantly changed the composition and diversity of bacteria in SSB silage. After ensiling, the LpE inoculated silage were dominated by Lactobacillus(95.71%), Weissella(0.19%). These results were of great guiding significance aiming for high-quality silage production using SSB materials on the basis of target-based regulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China.
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 197 dingxi South Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jihong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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12
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Khaliq A, Alam S, Khan IU, Khan D, Naz S, Zhang Y, Shah AA. Integrated control of dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctoniabataticola under the natural field condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00423. [PMID: 31993345 PMCID: PMC6976924 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bavistin® was effective in controlling dry root rot of chickpea. Among the chickpea cultivars, Karak-1 was found to be resistant as compared to other cultivars. The highest plant (64.1 cm), highest grain yield (1488 Kg/ha) in the integrated use of Karak-1 and Bavistin®, fungicide.
The study investigated the effect of three fungicides Bavistin®, Aliette®, and Biomagic® at the rate of 2 g/L were tested In vitro and In vivo to control dry root rot and their impact on yield were evaluated at the rate of 4 g/L against R. bataticola while varieties used were Karak-1, Karak-2, Karak-3, and Sheenghar. Disease severity was recorded lowest (19 %) and highest yield (1467 Kg/ha), plant height (47.5 cm), number of pods/plant (15.0) and number of grain/pods (1.66) were recorded in cultivar Karak-1. Among the fungicides drugs, the Bavistin®, significantly reduced the disease severity (5 %) and Kg/ha), highest plant height (64.1 cm), highest grain yield (1488 Kg/ha), number of pods/plant (24.5) and number of grain/pods (2.25). It is concluded that the integrated use of Karak-1 and Bavistin®, fungicide drugs gave promising results for controlling dry root rot of chickpea, and increased plant height, number of pods/plant and number of grain/pods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khaliq
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.,Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sartaj Alam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Weigang, No. 1, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Dilawar Khan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shakela Naz
- College of History, Nanjing University, 163 Avenue, Xianlin, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.,National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Assar Ali Shah
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.,National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Nanjing 210014, PR China
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13
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Shah AA, Qian C, Wu J, Liu Z, Khan S, Tao Z, Zhang X, Khan IU, Zhong X. Effects of natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on the chemical composition, microbial community, and aerobic stability of Hybrid pennisetum at different temperatures. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8692-8702. [PMID: 35496541 PMCID: PMC9049962 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on the chemical composition, microbial community, and aerobic stability of Hybrid pennisetum at different temperatures. Different concentrations of natamycin (0.50 g L−1, 1.00 g L−1, and 1.50 mg L−1) significantly (p > 0.05) reduced the growth of undesirable microorganisms. During the ensiling periods the pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), aerobic bacteria (AB), and yeast were significantly (p > 0.05) reduced, while the lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced in the SLP and SLNP groups as compared to the SP and SNP groups at high temperature (29–30 °C). During air exposure, water-soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), lactic acid (LA), and acetic acid (AA) were not influenced, while pH and aerobic bacteria were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced after three days (72 hours) of air exposure, and lactic acid bacteria were significantly (p > 0.05) reduced at ambient temperature (9–10 °C). It is concluded that the addition of L. plantarum CICC 20765 alone and in combination with natamycin reduced the content of AA, pH, NH3–N, BA, and undesirable microbial community, and enhanced the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and air exposure. Natamycin alone did not significantly enhance the organic acid profile but improved the air exposure. Furthermore, more effort is needed to evaluate the effects on silage preservation on a large scale and on animal performance. The inoculation of L. plantarum and natamycin influenced the fermentation quality. Natamycin and L. plantarum reduced the undesirable microbial community. During ensiling process, the LA and LABs was significantly enhanced.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Chen Qian
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Juanzi Wu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Salman Khan
- School of Life Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhujun Tao
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210095
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhong
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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14
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Xu Z, Zhang S, Zhang R, Li S, Kong J. The changes in dominant lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites during corn stover ensiling. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:675-685. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - S. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - R. Zhang
- Research and Development Department; Jinan Senkang Sanfeng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd; Jinan China
| | - S. Li
- Research and Development Department; Jinan Senkang Sanfeng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd; Jinan China
| | - J. Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
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