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Impact of Plant-Beneficial Bacterial Inocula on the Resident Bacteriome: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122462. [PMID: 36557714 PMCID: PMC9781654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as biofertilizers is one of the most efficient and sustainable strategies of rhizosphere manipulation leading to increased plant biomass and yield and improved plant health, as well as the ameliorated nutritional value of fruits and edible seeds. During the last decades, exciting, but heterogeneous, results have been obtained growing PGPB inoculated plants under controlled, stressful, and open field conditions. On the other hand, the possible impact of the PGPB deliberate release on the resident microbiota has been less explored and the little available information is contradictory. This review aims at filling this gap: after a brief description of the main mechanisms used by PGPB, we focus our attention on the process of PGPB selection and formulation and we provide some information on the EU regulation for microbial inocula. Then, the concept of PGPB inocula as a tool for rhizosphere engineering is introduced and the possible impact of bacterial inoculant on native bacterial communities is discussed, focusing on those bacterial species that are included in the EU regulation and on other promising bacterial species that are not yet included in the EU regulation.
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Pradhan S, Tyagi R, Sharma S. Combating biotic stresses in plants by synthetic microbial communities: Principles, applications, and challenges. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2742-2759. [PMID: 36039728 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presently, agriculture worldwide is facing the major challenge of feeding the increasing population sustainably. The conventional practices have not only failed to meet the projected needs, but also led to tremendous environmental consequences. Hence, to ensure a food-secure and environmentally sound future, the major thrust is on sustainable alternatives. Due to challenges associated with conventional means of application of biocontrol agents in the management of biotic stresses in agro-ecosystems, significant transformations in this context is needed. The crucial role played by soil microbiomes in efficiently and sustainably managing the agricultural production has unfolded a newer approach of rhizospheric engineering that shows immense promise in mitigating biotic stresses in an eco-friendly manner. The strategy of generating synthetic microbial communities (SynCom), by integrating omics approaches with traditional techniques of enumeration and in-depth analysis of plant-microbe interactions, is encouraging. The review discusses the significance of the rhizospheric microbiome in plant's fitness, and its manipulation for enhancing plant attributes. The focus of the review is to critically analyze the potential tools for the design and utilization of SynCom as a sustainable approach for rhizospheric engineering to ameliorate biotic stresses in plants. Further, based on the synthesis of reports in the area, we have put forth possible solutions to some of the critical issues that impair the large-scale application of SynComs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salila Pradhan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
| | - Rashi Tyagi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
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Sharma R, Gal L, Garmyn D, Bru D, Sharma S, Piveteau P. Plant Growth Promoting Bacterial Consortium Induces Shifts in Indigenous Soil Bacterial Communities and Controls Listeria monocytogenes in Rhizospheres of Cajanus cajan and Festuca arundinacea. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:106-121. [PMID: 34405251 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a dynamic and complex interface between plant roots and microorganisms. Owing to exudates, a web of interactions establishes among the microbial members of this micro-environment. The present study explored the impact of a bacterial consortium (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens, ABP), on the fate of a human pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e, in soil and in the rhizospheres of Cajanus cajan and Festuca arundinacea, in addition to its plant growth promoting effect. The study further assessed the impact these bioinoculants exert on the autochthonous soil bacterial communities. Experiments in sterilised soil inoculated with bioinoculants and L. monocytogenes revealed the inhibition of L. monocytogenes by approximately 80-fold compared to that without the consortium. Subsequently, experiments were conducted in non-sterile soil microcosms planted with C. cajan and F. arundinacea, and in bulk soil. The consortium led to a significant increase in plant growth in both plants and prevented growth of L. monocytogenes. However, the presence of resident soil bacterial communities overshadowed this inhibitory effect, and a sharp decline in L. monocytogenes populations (5-6 log reduction) was recorded under non-sterile soil conditions. A shift in the soil resident bacterial communities was observed upon amendment with the bioinoculants. A significant increase of potential Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents was observed, while the abundance of potential phytopathogens dropped. The present study opens up new avenues for the application of such a consortium given their dual benefits of plant growth promotion and restricting phytopathogens as well as human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Laurent Gal
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Garmyn
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - David Bru
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France.
- INRAE UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35044, Rennes, France.
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Tyagi R, Pradhan S, Bhattacharjee A, Dubey S, Sharma S. Management of abiotic stresses by microbiome-based engineering of the rhizosphere. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:254-272. [PMID: 35352450 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses detrimentally affect both plant and soil health, threatening food security in an ever-increasing world population. Sustainable agriculture is necessary to augment crop yield with simultaneous management of stresses. Limitations of conventional bioinoculants has shifted the focus on more effective alternatives. With the realisation of the potential of rhizospheric microbiome engineering in enhancing plant's fitness under stresses, efforts have accelerated in this direction. Though still in its infancy, microbiome-based engineering has gained popularity because of its advantages over microbe-based approach. This review briefly presents major abiotic stresses afflicting arable land, followed by introduction to the conventional approach of microbe-based enhancement of plant attributes and stress mitigation with its inherent limitations. It then focusses on the significance of rhizospheric microbiome, and harnessing its potential by its strategic engineering for stress management. Further, success stories related to two major approaches of microbiome engineering (generation of synthetic microbial community/consortium, and host-mediated artificial selection) pertaining to stress management have been critically presented. Together with bringing forth the challenges associated with wide application of rhizospheric microbiome engineering in agriculture, the review proposes the adoption of combinatorial scheme for the same, bringing together ecological and reductionist approaches for improvised sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Tyagi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and, Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
| | - Salila Pradhan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and, Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
| | - Annapurna Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and, Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and, Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and, Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
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Sneha GR, Swarnalakshmi K, Sharma M, Reddy K, Bhoumik A, Suman A, Kannepalli A. Soil type influence nutrient availability, microbial metabolic diversity, eubacterial and diazotroph abundance in chickpea rhizosphere. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:167. [PMID: 34468874 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial communities are dynamic and play a crucial role in diverse biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. Soil type and cultivar modulate the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities. Changes in the community composition significantly alter microbial function and ecological process. We examined the influence of soil type on eubacterial and diazotrophic community abundance and microbial metabolic potential in chickpea (cv. BG 372 and cv. BG 256) rhizosphere. The total eubacterial and diazotrophic community as estimated through 16 S rDNA and nifH gene copy numbers using qPCR showed the soil type influence with clear rhizosphere effect on gene abundance. PLFA study has shown the variation in microbial community structure with different soil types. Differential influence of soil types and cultivar on the ratio of Gram positive to Gram negative bacteria was observed with most rhizosphere soils corresponding to higher ratios than bulk soil. The rhizosphere microbial activities (urease, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase) were also assessed as an indicator of microbial metabolic diversity. Principal component analysis and K-means non-hierarchical cluster mapping grouped soils into three categories, each having different soil enzyme activity or edaphic drivers. Soil type and cultivar influence on average substrate utilization pattern analyzed through community level physiological profiling (CLPP) was higher for rhizosphere soils than bulk soils. The soil nutrient studies revealed that both soil type and cultivar influenced the available N, P, K and organic carbon content of rhizosphere soil. Our study signifies that soil type and cultivar jointly influenced soil microbial community abundance and their metabolic potential in chickpea rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sneha
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kedharnath Reddy
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arpan Bhoumik
- ICAR-IndianAgricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Archna Suman
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Annapurna Kannepalli
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Swarnalakshmi K, Yadav V, Tyagi D, Dhar DW, Kannepalli A, Kumar S. Significance of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Grain Legumes: Growth Promotion and Crop Production. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111596. [PMID: 33213067 PMCID: PMC7698556 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are an important component of sustainable agri-food systems. They establish symbiotic association with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, thus reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Several other free-living microbial communities (PGPR—plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) residing in the soil-root interface are also known to influence biogeochemical cycles and improve legume productivity. The growth and function of these microorganisms are affected by root exudate molecules secreted in the rhizosphere region. PGPRs produce the chemicals which stimulate growth and functions of leguminous crops at different growth stages. They promote plant growth by nitrogen fixation, solubilization as well as mineralization of phosphorus, and production of phytohormone(s). The co-inoculation of PGPRs along with rhizobia has shown to enhance nodulation and symbiotic interaction. The recent molecular tools are helpful to understand and predict the establishment and function of PGPRs and plant response. In this review, we provide an overview of various growth promoting mechanisms of PGPR inoculations in the production of leguminous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deepti Tyagi
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Dolly Wattal Dhar
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Annapurna Kannepalli
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco
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