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Wang P, Wang S, Wang D, Li Y, Yip RCS, Chen H. Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133195. [PMID: 38885869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy. Previous studies have reported that postbiotics have a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. However, several aspects related to these postbiotic activities remain unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, this work aims to outline general aspects and emerging trends in the use of postbiotics for wound healing, such as the production, characterization, biological activities and delivery strategies of postbiotics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the physiological activities and structures of postbiotic biomolecules that contribute to wound healing is provided, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, surface layer proteins, pili proteins, and secretory proteins (p40 and p75 proteins). Considering the presence of readily degradable components in postbiotics, potential natural polymer delivery materials and delivery systems are emphasized, followed by the potential applications and commercialization prospects of postbiotics. These findings suggest that the treatment of chronic wounds with postbiotic ingredients will help provide new insights into wound healing and better guidance for the development of postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Production optimization and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharide produced by a moderately halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38963714 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2370879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production of Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14 and explore its antioxidant potential. EPS and biomass production by VITP14 strain were studied under different culture parameters and media compositions using one factor at a time method. Among different nutrient sources, glucose and peptone were identified as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources. Furthermore, the maximum EPS production was observed at 5% of inoculum size, 5 g/L of NaCl, and 96 h of fermentation. Response surface methodology was employed to augment EPS production and investigate the optimal levels of nutrient sources with their interaction. The strain was observed to produce actual maximum EPS of about 26.4 g/L for finalized optimum medium containing glucose 20 g/L, peptone 10 g/L, and NaCl 50 g/L while the predicted maximum EPS was 26.5 g/L. There was a nine fold increase in EPS production after optimization study. Additionally, EPS has exhibited significant scavenging, reducing, and chelating potential (>85%) at their higher concentration. This study imparts valuable insights into optimizing moderately halophilic bacterial EPS production and evaluating its natural antioxidant properties. According to findings, V. dokdonensis VITP14 was a promising isolate that will provide significant benefits to biopolymer producing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ning Y, Cao H, Zhao S, Gao D, Zhao D. Structure and Properties of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Gluconobacter frateurii and Its Potential Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1004. [PMID: 38611262 PMCID: PMC11013964 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacterium was isolated from apricot fermentation broth and identified as Gluconobacter frateurii HDC-08 (accession number: OK036475.1). HDC-08 EPS is a linear homopolysaccharide mainly composed of glucose linked by α-(1,6) glucoside bonds. It contains C, H, N and S elements, with a molecular weight of 4.774 × 106 Da. Microscopically, it has a smooth, glossy and compact sheet structure. It is an amorphous noncrystalline substance with irregular coils. Moreover, the EPS showed surface hydrophobicity and high thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 250.76 °C. In addition, it had strong antioxidant properties against DPPH radicals, ABPS radicals, hydroxyl radicals and H2O2. The EPS exhibited high metal-chelating activity and strong emulsifying ability for soybean oil, petroleum ether and diesel oil. The milk solidification test indicated that the EPS had good potential in fermented dairy products. In general, all the results demonstrate that HDC-08 EPS has promise for commercial applications as a food additive and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ning
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.N.); (H.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Huiying Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.N.); (H.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shouqi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.N.); (H.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongni Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.N.); (H.C.); (S.Z.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.N.); (H.C.); (S.Z.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
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López-García E, Marín-Gordillo A, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Ávila-Román J, Romero-Gil V, Bermúdez-Oria A, Benítez-Cabello A, Garrido-Fernández A, Rodríguez-Gómez F, Arroyo-López FN. Functional features of the exopolysaccharide extracts produced by Lactiplantibacillus strains isolated from table olives. Food Funct 2024; 15:1938-1947. [PMID: 38269604 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the functional characteristics of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracts produced by various strains of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus (LPG1, 119, 13B4, and Lp13) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp15) isolated from table olives. None of the EPS crude extracts showed cytotoxicity when administered to THP-1 human macrophage cells at dosages ranging from 6.25 to 50 μg mL-1. Many exhibited anti-inflammatory properties (reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 production) and antioxidant activity (reduction of ROS%) when macrophages were stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Notably, the EPS extract produced by the L. pentosus LPG1 strain had the best results corroborated by western blot immune analysis for differential expression of COX-2, Nrf-2, and HO-1 proteins, with the most significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response observed at a dosage of 50 μg mL-1. Chemical analysis revealed that the EPS extract produced by this strain contains a heteropolymer composed of mannose (35.45%), glucose (32.99%), arabinose (17.93%), xylose (7.48%), galactose (4.03%), rhamnose (1.34%), and fucose (0.77%). Finally, we conducted response surface methodology to model the EPS extract production by L. pentosus LPG1 considering pH (3.48-8.52), temperature (16.59-33.41 °C) and salt concentration (0.03-8.77% NaCl) as independent variables. The model identified linear effects of salt and pH and quadratic effects of salt as significant terms. The maximum EPS extract production (566 mg L-1) in a synthetic culture medium (MRS) was achieved at pH 7.5, salt 7.0%, and a temperature of 20 °C. These findings suggest the potential for novel applications for the EPS produced by L. pentosus LPG1 as nutraceutical candidates for use in human diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio López-García
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Carretera de Utrera Km 1. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide. Building 46, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana Marín-Gordillo
- Technological Applications for Improvement of the Quality and Safety in Foods. R&D Division, Avda. Diego Martín Barrio 10. Second Floor, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Verónica Romero-Gil
- Department of Food Science and Technology. University of Cordoba, Carretera Madrid-Cádiz Km 396A. Darwin Building, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Carretera de Utrera Km 1. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide. Building 46, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio Benítez-Cabello
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Carretera de Utrera Km 1. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide. Building 46, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio Garrido-Fernández
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Carretera de Utrera Km 1. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide. Building 46, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Gómez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Carretera de Utrera Km 1. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide. Building 46, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Francisco Noé Arroyo-López
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Carretera de Utrera Km 1. Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide. Building 46, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Kao CC, Lin JY. Anti-inflammatory effects of a naturally lacto-fermented cucumber product on RAW 264.7 macrophages in association with increased functional ingredients. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101039. [PMID: 38144729 PMCID: PMC10740051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A naturally lacto-fermented cucumber product was developed for use as anti-inflammatory functional foods. To explore the anti-inflammatory characteristics, water (CWE) and ethanol extracts (CEE) from this product were selected to assess their anti-inflammatory potential on RAW 264.7 macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using four different inflammatory models. Changes in pro- (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine secretions by treated macrophages were measured using ELISA. The results showed that both CWE and CEE had strong potential to inhibit LPS-stimulated inflammation in macrophages in a repair manner. CWE had a better effect than CEE. The total phenolic, flavonoid and saponin contents in CEE were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.384, P = 0.036*) and TNF-α (r = 0.371, P = 0.043*) levels, but slightly correlated with TNF-α/IL-10 secretion ratios (r = -0.184, P = 0.359) by treated RAW 264.7 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chia Kao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Shehata NS, Elwakil BH, Elshewemi SS, Ghareeb DA, Olama ZA. Selenium nanoparticles coated bacterial polysaccharide with potent antimicrobial and anti-lung cancer activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21871. [PMID: 38072846 PMCID: PMC10711019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides are homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polysaccharides with large molecular weights (10-1000 kDa). Exopolysaccharides' functional uses and potential have revolutionized the industrial and medicinal industries. Hence, the aim of the present study was to optimize the production of bacterial exopolysaccharide and apply it as a capping agent for selenium nanoparticles synthesis. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from dairy products then biochemically characterized and assessed for their potential antimicrobial effect. The most potent EPS producer was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain A2 with accession number OP218384 using 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, FTIR data of the extracted EPS revealed similarity with amylopectin spectrum. 1H NMR spectrum revealed an α-anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage pattern in the polysaccharides while the 13C NMR spectrum can also be separated into two main portions, the anomeric carbons region (δ 98-102 ppm) and the non-anomeric carbons region (δ 60-81 ppm). Antimicrobial activity of the produced EPS showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans respectively. The EPS capsule layer surrounding the bacterial cells was detected by TEM study. Optimization of EPS production was evaluated using Taguchi design, trial 23 reported the highest biomass yield and EPS output (6.5 and 27.12 g/L respectively) with 2.4 and 3.3 folds increase (from the basal media) respectively. The optimized exopolysaccharide was used as a capping and stabilizing agent for selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) synthesis. Zeta potential, size and PDI of the synthesized nanoparticles were - 19.7 mV, 45-65 nm and 0.446 respectively with strong bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested pathogens. Complete microbial growth eradication was recorded after 6, 8 and 10 h against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. EPS-SeNPs showed a potent antioxidant effect reached 97.4% and anticancer effect against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 reached 5.324 µg/mL). EPS-SeNPs inhibited cancerous cell growth at S phase. Moreover, molecular studies revealed the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2's was inhibited and Bax was activated. The present investigation successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles through bacterial EPS with significantly high antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan S Shehata
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Bassma H Elwakil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma S Elshewemi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Zakia A Olama
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Shamsuzzaman M, Dahal RH, Kim S, Kim J. Genome insight and probiotic potential of three novel species of the genus Corynebacterium. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225282. [PMID: 37485528 PMCID: PMC10358988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Three bacterial strains, B5-R-101T, TA-R-1T, and BL-R-1T, were isolated from the feces of a healthy Korean individual. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped, and non-motile. They were able to grow within a temperature range of 10-42°C (optimum, 32-37°C), at a pH range of 2.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 5.5-8.0), and at NaCl concentration of 0.5-10.5% (w/v). All the three strains exhibited 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities ranging from 58 ± 1.62 to 79 ± 1.46% (% inhibition). These strains survived in lower pH (2.0) and in 0.3% bile salt concentration for 4 h. They did not show hemolytic activity and exhibited antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica. The genomic analysis presented no significant concerns regarding antibiotic resistance or virulence gene content, indicating these strains could be potential probiotic candidates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belonged to the genus Corynebacterium, with 98.5-99.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to other members of the genus. Their major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The abundant cellular fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω9c, and anteiso-C19:0. Genomic analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of genes necessary for their survival and growth in the gut environment, such as multi-subunit ATPases, stress response genes, extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis genes, and antibacterial genes. Furthermore, the genome of each strain possessed biosynthetic gene clusters with antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials, including terpenes, saccharides, polyketides, post-translationally modified peptides (RIPPs), and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs). In silico DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were lower than the thresholds to distinguish novel species. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenomic, and phylogenetic analysis, these potential probiotic strains represent novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the names Corynebacterium intestinale sp. nov. (type strain B5-R-101T = CGMCC 1.19408T = KCTC 49761T), Corynebacterium stercoris sp. nov. (type strain TA-R-1T = CGMCC 1.60014T = KCTC 49742T), and Corynebacterium faecium sp. nov. (type strain BL-R-1T = KCTC 49735T = TBRC 17331T) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Hari Dahal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shukho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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