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Oganesyan E, Klimenteva V, Vybornova I, Venchakova V, Parshikova E, Kovyrshin S, Orlova O, Kruglov A, Gordeeva S, Vasilyeva N, Taraskina A. Population Structure Based on Microsatellite Length Polymorphism, Antifungal Susceptibility Profile, and Enzymatic Activity of Candida auris Clinical Isolates in Russia. J Fungi (Basel) 2025; 11:35. [PMID: 39852454 PMCID: PMC11766443 DOI: 10.3390/jof11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen causing nosocomial transmission and invasive infections with high mortality. This study aimed to investigate the genetic relationships, enzymatic activities, and drug-resistance profiles of C. auris isolates to evaluate the population and epidemiological diversity of candidiasis in Russia. A total of 112 clinical isolates of C. auris were analyzed from May 2017 to March 2023 in 18 hospitals across Saint Petersburg, the Leningrad Region, and Moscow. Species identification was confirmed by ITS sequencing, and genotyping was performed using 12 short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Antifungal susceptibility was tested using Sensititre™ YeastOne™ plates, and hydrolytic enzyme production was measured by the plate method. ITS sequencing confirmed that all isolates belonged to a single ITS cluster (clades I and III). Fifteen distinct STR genotypes were identified, with genotype I being dominant (n = 53). The most variable of the analyzed markers turned out to be M3-Ia, which was represented in the Russian population by eight different variants. Fluconazole resistance was found in 111 isolates, 17% were resistant to amphotericin B, and 3.6% to 5-flucytosine. Phospholipase activity was strong in most strains, especially in urine isolates (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The predominance of STR genotype I and its variability at the M3-Ia locus suggest its association with nosocomial outbreaks and transmissibility in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellina Oganesyan
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (I.V.); (S.K.); (N.V.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Victoria Klimenteva
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (I.V.); (S.K.); (N.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Irina Vybornova
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (I.V.); (S.K.); (N.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Valentina Venchakova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Parshikova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Sergey Kovyrshin
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (I.V.); (S.K.); (N.V.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Olga Orlova
- Moscow L.A. Vorokhobov Municipal Clinical Hospital № 67, 123423 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Svetlana Gordeeva
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Named after S.P. Botkin, 195067 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalya Vasilyeva
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (I.V.); (S.K.); (N.V.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Taraskina
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (I.V.); (S.K.); (N.V.); (A.T.)
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Gabaldón T. Threats from the Candida parapsilosis complex: the surge of multidrug resistance and a hotbed for new emerging pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0002923. [PMID: 39508581 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYCandida parapsilosis is a common agent of candidiasis that has gained increased attention in recent years, culminating with its recent consideration as a high-priority fungal pathogen by the World Health Organization. Reasons for this classification are the recent surge in incidence and the alarmingly growing rates of drug and multidrug resistance. In addition, several closely related species such as Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis may represent recently emerged opportunistic pathogens originated from environmental niches through interspecies hybridization. Here, I review recent research focused on the potential origin and spread of drug resistance and of emerging species in this complex. I will also discuss open questions regarding the possible implications of human activities in these two epidemiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Gabaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS). Plaça Eusebi Güell, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Glushakova A, Tepeeva A, Prokof'eva T, Kachalkin A. Culturable yeast diversity in urban topsoil influenced by various anthropogenic impacts. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1383-1403. [PMID: 38263536 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In urban ecosystems, processes associated with anthropogenic influences almost always lead to changes in soil micromycete complexes. The taxonomic structure of soil micromycete complexes is an important informative parameter of soil bioindication in the ecological control of urban environments. Unicellular fungi, such as culturable yeasts, are a very suitable and promising object of microbiological research for monitoring urban topsoil. This review aims to give an overview of the yeast communities in urban topsoil in different areas of Moscow (heating main area, household waste storage and disposal area, highway area) and to discuss the changes in the taxonomic structure of culturable yeast complexes depending on the type and intensity of anthropogenic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Glushakova
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia.
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of RAS, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Tepeeva
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of RAS, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Tatiana Prokof'eva
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey Kachalkin
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of RAS, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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