Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of palatogingival grooves: a retrospective study with literature review

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation to estimate the prevalence of palatogingival groove in the maxillary anterior teeth and its radiographic characteristics: An institutional retrospective study

Aim

The purpose of the study was to radiographically evaluate the prevalence of palatogingival groove (PG) in the East Indian population in the maxillary anterior teeth in different genders, its unilateral/bilateral presentation, classified based on its radiographic characteristics, to determine the prevalence of different types, which could help in future treatment planning.

Study Design

The design of the study was a retrospective study.

Materials and Methods

Analysis of 429 maxillary anterior teeth (144 central incisors, 145 lateral incisors, and 139 canines) in 72 cone-beam computed tomography scans was done (31 males and 41 females, mean age 27.3 ± 7.63). Demographic details of patients and characteristics of PG, i.e. location, extension, depth, and type, were recorded. The presence of alveolar bone loss and periapical pathology was noted.

Results

An overall prevalence of PG was found to be 2.33% (n = 10), with PG being detected in 2 (1.388%) central incisors, 8 (5.51%) lateral incisors, and 0 (0%) canines. Eight of the patients had a unilateral presence, while one patient reported with bilateral presence, implying a significantly higher predilection of unilateral occurrence (P = 0.02). The prevalence was found to be higher in females (n = 8). The teeth were categorized as either having Type I (6 teeth), Type II (3 teeth), or Type III (1 teeth). Three of the 10 PGs were present in the mesial, six in the mid-palatal, and one in the distal portion of the palatal surface.

Conclusions

The prevalence of PG in the maxillary incisors in this cohort is 2.33%. The maxillary lateral incisors are the most affected teeth. Unilateral presentation is more common.

Prevalence of palatogingival groove affecting maxillary anterior teeth in Saudi subpopulation: A cone-beam computed tomographic study with literature review

Aim

To investigate the prevalence of palatogingival groove (PGG) affecting maxillary anterior teeth, bilateral occurrence, and distribution among sex in the Saudi subpopulation and to review the literature on the prevalence of PGG.

Introduction

Palatogingival groove (PGG) primarily affects maxillary lateral incisors and, when present, may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal and endodontic lesions.

Materials & methods

A total of 509 CBCT scans of Saudi patients with 2747 maxillary anterior teeth were included in the study. Patients' information, the tooth type, the presence/absence, the unilateral/bilateral distribution, and the type of PGG according to Gu's classification (type I, II, or III) were recorded.

Results

The prevalence of the PGG in maxillary anterior teeth was 1.3%, affecting 32 (6.3%) patients. The PGGs were mostly detected in lateral incisors 25 (2.77%). The PGG was found to be unilateral in most patients (96.9%), with higher frequency in males than in females without significance for sex.

Conclusion

PGG is not a rare anomaly in the Saudi population and is most frequently found in maxillary lateral incisors. Type I Gu's classification was mostly detected.

Management of Palatogingival Groove in Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A Report of a Rare Case With a Brief Review of Literature

Several morphological abnormalities may occur during tooth development and may be a predisposing factor for periodontal destruction. Palatogingival groove (PGG) is a developmental deformity that may cause localized periodontitis and endodontic complexities. The groove usually originates as a root indentation in the central fossa of the palatal root of maxillary lateral incisors. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an excellent radiographic imaging technique capable of identifying PGGs and provides details about the exact site, extent, and depth characteristics of this deformity. Early diagnosis and management of PGGs are of utmost importance, particularly due to their diagnostic intricacies that can pose both clinical and therapeutic challenges. This article aims to report a rare case of palatogingival groove associated with an on-and-off discharge from the maxillary left lateral incisor tooth (#22). Nonsurgical endodontic treatment was carried out with #22, and the palatogingival groove was sealed with composite restoration after a deep curettage. Excellent radiographic healing was observed after a six-month follow-up.

The incidence of radicular groove on maxillary lateral incisors of Saudi population: CBCT evaluation

BACKGROUND

The radicular groove (RG) is one of the developmental anomalies that is commonly found in maxillary incisors. The formation of radicular groove is initiated around the cingulum and can reach the root at different levels. The incidence of radicular grooves was reported in different countries but there was no published data about the incidence of RG in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of radicular grooves on maxillary lateral incisors in the Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS

The dental records of 490 patients (N = 490) with CBCT images of maxillary anterior teeth were screened for inclusion criteria. Then 264 included cases were evaluated independently by two Endodontists. The evaluation was performed on CBCT images in the axial, sagittal, and coronal sections using Planmeca Romexis® software. The following data were recorded for each patient: Patients' age and gender, radicular groove presence or absence, and if it is bilateral or unilateral. The type of radicular groove was recorded according to Gu's classification (type I, II, or III).

RESULTS

The incidence rate of radicular grooves in maxillary lateral incisors was 4.9%. RG was found to be unilateral in 61.5% and bilateral in 38.5%. The majority of RG were classified as type I in 69.2%, followed by type II in 15.4%, and type III was found in 15.4%.

CONCLUSION

4.9% of the Saudi population has RG in the upper lateral incisor. This anatomical variation is mostly present as type I on one side only (unilateral).

Combined Periodontal and Endodontic Management of Palatal Radicular Groove with Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Biodentine®

Palatal radicular groove (PRG) is developmental anomaly of root, which when present is associated with periodontal and endodontic problems. Different treatment modalities are available for its management, such as periodontal flap surgery, endodontic management, sealing of PRG with various cements, bone graft procedure for intrabony defect, extraction with intentional replantation after sealing or removal of a PRG, and endodontic treatment as well as the use of various growth factors. Success of the therapy depends on the type, depth, and extent of PRG, presence or absence of intrabony defect, vitality of involved tooth, and types of materials used to seal PRG. This study reports management of PRG with Biodentine® and platelet-rich fibrin in a 44-year-old systemically healthy female patient.

Management of the palato-radicular groove with a periodontal regenerative procedure and prosthodontic treatment: A case report

BACKGROUND

Palato-radicular groove (PRG) is defined as an anomalous formation of teeth. The etiology of PRG remains unclear. The prognosis of a tooth with a PRG is unfavorable. The treatment of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions requires multidisciplinary management to control the progression of bone defects. Some researchers reported cases that had short-term observations. The management of teeth with PRGs is of great clinical significance. However, to date, no case reports have been documented on the use of bone regeneration and prosthodontic treatment for PRGs.

CASE SUMMARY

This case reported the management of a 40-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of slight mobility and abscess in the upper right anterior tooth for 15 d and was diagnosed with type II PRG of tooth 12 with combined endodontic-periodontal lesions. The accumulation of plaque and calculus caused primary periodontitis and a secondary endodontic infection. A multidisciplinary management approach was designed that included root canal therapy, groove sealing, a periodontal regenerative procedure, and prosthodontic treatment. During a 2-year follow-up period, a good prognosis was observed.

CONCLUSION

This report indicates that bone regeneration and prosthodontic treatment may contribute to the long-term favorable prognosis of teeth with PRGs.

Prevalence and radiological characteristics of palatogingival groove: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study in an Indian cohort

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of palatogingival groove (PG) in anterior maxillary teeth in an Indian cohort using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Study Design:

Retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:

Analysis of 119 CBCT scans (64 males, 55 females, and mean age 31.6 ± 13.5 years) was performed. The data of 636 anterior maxillary teeth (220 canine, 212 lateral incisor, and 204 central incisor teeth) were studied for PG's presence. Demographic details of patients and characteristics of PG, i.e., location, extension, depth, and type were recorded.

Results:

Out of the 636 anterior maxillary teeth studied, PGs were detected in 12 (1.88%) teeth (3 [1.47%] central incisors, 9 [4.2%] lateral incisors, and 0 canines). All the teeth were categorized as having either type I (Seven teeth) or type II (Five teeth) radicular groove. Two of the 12 PGs were present in the mesial, six in the mid-palatal, and four were present in the distal portion of the palatal surface of the teeth.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of PG in maxillary incisors in this Indian cohort is 2.88%. Maxillary lateral incisors are the most affected teeth.

The Characteristics of Adjacent Anatomy of Mandibular Third Molar Germs: A CBCT Pilot Study in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

(1) Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the anatomical features of lower third molar and its adjacent anatomical connections in type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) patients through cone beam computed tomography (cbct). (2) Methods: The study was conducted among 25 patients, 13 patients with type I OI and 12 control patients (individuals with no disorders and no treatment); average age was 15.44 ± 2.06, 23 third molar germs for each group. The germs have been compared to the parameters using the Mann-Whitney test. A chi-square test was also used to investigate the correlation between the status case/control and tooth development stage. (3) Results: Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between cases and controls: diameter of the tooth germ in toto (U = 93.5; p < 0.001), tooth development stage, (U = 145; p < 0.01), roots length (U = 44.5; p < 0.01), cementoenamel junction diameter (U = 157.5; p < 0.05), size of the pulp chamber (U = 95.5; p < 0.05). Type I OI is not associated with the relationship between the germ of mandibular third molar and alveolar canal on axial plane (χ² = 4.095; p = 0.129), and parasagittal (χ² = 4.800; p = 0.091). The association between type I OI and relationship with the germ of mandibular third molar and alveolar canal on the coronal plane has been significant (χ² = 9.778; p < 0.05) as the perforation of the lingual cortical bone in the region of mandibular third molar tooth germ (χ² = 11.189; p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: The results confirm the cbct accuracy in the evaluation of bone density in type I OI patients giving also the opportunity to study the tridimensional anatomy of germs and the adjacent anatomical structures in order to avoid any perioperative complications.