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Dorsey OC, Rosenthal GG. A taste for the familiar: explaining the inbreeding paradox. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:132-142. [PMID: 36241551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The negative consequences of inbreeding have led animal biologists to assume that mate choice is generally biased against relatives. However, inbreeding avoidance is highly variable and by no means the rule across animal taxa. Even when inbreeding is costly, there are numerous examples of animals failing to avoid inbreeding or even preferring to mate with close kin. We argue that selective and mechanistic constraints interact to limit the evolution of inbreeding avoidance, notably when there is a risk of mating with heterospecifics and losing fitness through hybridization. Further, balancing inbreeding avoidance with conspecific mate preference may drive the evolution of multivariate sexual communication. Studying different social and sexual decisions within the same species can illuminate trade-offs among mate-choice mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen C Dorsey
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, TX, USA; Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca", Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Gil G Rosenthal
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca", Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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2
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Yang F, Chen J, Ruan Q, Wang B, Jiao L, Qiao Q, He W, You M. Fitness comparison of Plutella xylostella on original and marginal hosts using age-stage, two-sex life tables. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9765-9775. [PMID: 34306660 PMCID: PMC8293716 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is an important agricultural pest that severely damages cruciferous vegetables. Although previously considered a threat only to Brassica species, P. xylostella has been observed to feed on noncruciferous vegetables. Here, we established a population of P. xylostella on the pea Pisum sativum (PxP population). We compared this PxP population's performance on the pea host plant to a population (PxR) reared on the original host plant radish (Raphanus sativus) for several generations using an age-stage, two-sex life table and analyzed the correlations between different fitness parameters. In the 1st generation of the PxP population, survival rate of immature stage was 17%, while the survival rate of PxR was 68%; the duration of the 4th larval instar (5.30 d) and mortality (25%) of this generation were significantly longer (2.8 d) and higher (1%) than that of PxR, respectively (both p < .001). Upon long-term acclimation, the PxP fitness improved significantly, especially that the survival rate of immature stages increased to approximately 60% in the 15th, 30th, and 45th generations. However, PxP feeding on pea exhibited poorer fitness with longer larval developmental time, shorter total life span, lighter pupa, and lower fecundity in different generations compared with PxP feeding on radish. PxP feeding on pea also showed a significantly lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R 0), finite increase rate (λ), and longer mean generation time (T) than PxP feeding on radish in all generations tested. Significant positive correlations were observed between pupal weight and female fecundity in pea-fed populations, and between female longevity and female fecundity in pea-fed and radish-fed populations. Our findings suggest that P. xylostella adaptation to pea does not improve overall fitness compared with the original host radish, making pea a marginal host for P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan CropsInstitute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhouChina
| | - Jun‐Hui Chen
- Institute of MicrobiologyJiangxi Academy of SciencesNanchangChina
| | - Qian‐Qian Ruan
- Xiaoshan Agricultural Technology Extension CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Bei‐Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan CropsInstitute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhouChina
| | - Lu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan CropsInstitute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhouChina
| | - Qing‐Xuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan CropsInstitute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Yi He
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan CropsInstitute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhouChina
| | - Min‐Sheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan CropsInstitute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest ControlMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhouChina
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Speechley EM, Gasparini C, Evans JP. Female guppies increase their propensity for polyandry as an inbreeding avoidance strategy. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Müller T, Lamprecht TD, Schrieber K. Lifetime inbreeding depression in a leaf beetle. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6889-6898. [PMID: 30073053 PMCID: PMC6065277 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation result in rapid population size reductions, which can increase the levels of inbreeding. Consequently, many species are threatened by inbreeding depression, a loss of individual fitness following the mating of close relatives. Here, we investigated inbreeding effects on fitness-related traits throughout the lifetime of the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) and mechanisms for the avoidance of inbreeding. Previously, we found that these beetles have family-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which are likely not used as recognition cue for precopulatory inbreeding avoidance. Thus, we examined whether adult beetles show postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance instead. For this purpose, we determined the larval hatching rate of eggs laid by females mated sequentially with two nonsiblings, two siblings, a nonsibling, and a sibling or vice versa. The beetles suffered from inbreeding depression throughout their entire ontogeny, as evinced by a prolonged larval development, a decreased larval and adult survival and a decreased reproductive output of inbred compared to outbred individuals. The highest larval hatching rates were detected when females were mated with two nonsiblings or first with a sibling and second with a nonsibling. Significantly lower hatching rates were measured in the treatments with a sibling as second male. Thus, the results do not support the existence of postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance in P. cochleariae, but revealed evidence for second male sperm precedence. Consequently, an alternative strategy to avoid inbreeding costs might exist in this beetle, such as a polyandrous mating system, potentially coupled with a specific dispersal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Müller
- Department of Chemical EcologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | | | - Karin Schrieber
- Department of Chemical EcologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
- Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
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Vega‐Trejo R, Head ML, Keogh JS, Jennions MD. Experimental evidence for sexual selection against inbred males. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:394-404. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Vega‐Trejo
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University, Acton Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Megan L. Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University, Acton Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University, Acton Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael D. Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University, Acton Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin Wallotstraße 19 14193 Berlin Germany
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Demographic comparison and population projection of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reared on sugarcane at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31659. [PMID: 27545594 PMCID: PMC4992881 DOI: 10.1038/srep31659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how temperature affects fitness is important for conservation and pest management, especially in the era of global climate change. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a worldwide pest of many economically important crops. Although much is known about this pest’s life cycle, its adaptability to different temperatures is not fully understood. Here, we used age- and stage-specific life tables to investigate the effects of temperature on fitness-related traits and demographic parameters of R. ferrugineus under eight constant temperature regimens in the laboratory. The growth potential of these populations was also evaluated. The greatest longevity for males and females was 158.0 d at 24 °C and 144.5 d at 21 °C, respectively, but mean total fecundity was the highest at 27 °C. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) increased initially at low temperatures and then decreased. All metrics reached a maximum at 27 °C and a minimum at 36 °C. Mean generation times (T ) decreased across the temperature range with a minimum at 36 °C. Our results indicate that the optimum temperature for growth of R. ferrugineus was approximately 27 °C. Our work will be of value for developing strategies for control management of this pest species.
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Vega-Trejo R, Head ML, Jennions MD. Inbreeding depression does not increase after exposure to a stressful environment: a test using compensatory growth. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:68. [PMID: 27036748 PMCID: PMC4818490 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inbreeding is often associated with a decrease in offspring fitness (‘inbreeding depression’). Moreover, it is generally assumed that the negative effects of inbreeding are exacerbated in stressful environments. This G × E interaction has been explored in many taxa under different environmental conditions. These studies usually manipulate environmental conditions either in adulthood or throughout an individual’s entire life. Far fewer studies have tested how stressful environments only experienced during development subsequently influence the effects of inbreeding on adult traits. Results We experimentally manipulated the diet (control versus low food) of inbred and outbred juvenile Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) for three weeks (days 7-28) to test whether experiencing a presumably stressful environment early in life influences their subsequent growth and adult phenotypes. The control diet was a standard laboratory food regime, while fish on the low food diet received less than 25 % of this amount of food. Unexpectedly, despite a large sample size (237 families, 908 offspring) and a quantified 23 % reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity in inbred offspring from matings between full-siblings (f = 0.25), neither inbreeding nor its interaction with early diet affected growth trajectories, juvenile survival or adult size. Individuals did not mitigate a poor start in life by showing ‘compensatory growth’ (i.e. faster growth once the low food treatment ended), but they showed ‘catch-up growth’ by delaying maturation. There was, however, no effect of inbreeding on the extent of catch-up growth. Conclusions There were no detectable effects of inbreeding on growth or adult size, even on a low food diet that should elevate inbreeding depression. Thus, the long-term costs of inbreeding due to lower male reproductive success we have shown in another study appear to be unrelated to inbreeding depression for adult male size or the growth rates that are reported in the current study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0640-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Vega-Trejo
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Megan L Head
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Generation-based life table analysis reveals manifold effects of inbreeding on the population fitness in Plutella xylostella. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12749. [PMID: 26227337 PMCID: PMC4521199 DOI: 10.1038/srep12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how inbreeding affects fitness is biologically important for conservation and pest management. Despite being a worldwide pest of many economically important cruciferous crops, the influence of inbreeding on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), populations is currently unknown. Using age-stage-specific life tables, we quantified the inbreeding effects on fitness-related traits and demographic parameters of P. xylostella. Egg hatching rate, survival and fecundity of the inbred line significantly declined compared to those of the outbred line over time. The inbred P. xylostella line showed significantly lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R0), and finite increase rate (λ), and increasing generation time (T). Inbreeding effects vary with developmental stages and the fitness-related traits can be profoundly affected by the duration of inbreeding. Our work provides a foundation for further studies on molecular and genetic bases of the inbreeding depression for P. xylostella.
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Liu X, Tu X, He H, Chen C, Xue F. Evidence for inbreeding depression and pre-copulatory, but not post copulatory inbreeding avoidance in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94389. [PMID: 24718627 PMCID: PMC3981785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is known to have adverse effects on fitness-related traits in a range of insect species. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have suggested that polyandrous insects could avoid the cost of inbreeding via pre-copulatory mate choice and/or post-copulatory mechanisms. We looked for evidence of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance using female mate preference trials, in which females were given the choice of mating with either of two males, a sibling and a non-sibling. We also tested for evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance by conducting double mating experiments, in which four sibling females were mated with two males sequentially, either two siblings, two non-siblings or a sibling and a non-sibling in either order. We identified substantial inbreeding depression: offspring of females mated to full siblings had lower hatching success, slower development time from egg to adult, lower survival of larval and pupal stages, and lower adult body mass than the offspring of females mated to non-sibling males. We also found evidence of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, as females preferred to mate with non-sibling males. However, we did not find any evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance: egg hatching success of females mating to both sibling and non-sibling males were consistent with sperm being used without bias in relation to mate relatedness. Our results suggest that this cabbage beetle has evolved a pre-copulatory mechanism to avoid matings between close relative, but that polyandry is apparently not an inbreeding avoidance mechanism in C. bowringi.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingPing Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - XiaoYun Tu
- Life and Sciences College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - HaiMin He
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - FangSen Xue
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Harano T, Miyatake T. Independence of genetic variation between circadian rhythm and development time in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:415-420. [PMID: 21211539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A positive genetic correlation between periods of circadian rhythm and developmental time supports the hypothesis that circadian clocks are implicated in the timing of development. Empirical evidence for this genetic correlation in insects has been documented in two fly species. In contrast, here we show that there is no evidence of genetic correlation between circadian rhythm and development time in the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. This species has variation that is explained by a major gene in the expression and period length of circadian rhythm between strains. In this study, we found genetic variation in development time between the strains. The development time was not covaried with either the incidence or the period length of circadian rhythm among the strains. Crosses between strains suggest that development time is controlled by a polygene. In the F(2) individuals from the crosses, the circadian rhythm is attributable to allelic variation in the major gene. Across the F(2) individuals, development time was not correlated with either the expression or the period length of circadian rhythm. Thus, we found no effects of major genes responsible for variation in the circadian rhythm on development time in C. chinensis. Our findings collectively give no support to the hypothesis that the circadian clock is involved in the regulation of development time in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Harano
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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