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Shukla S, Dalai P, Agrawal-Rajput R. Metabolic crosstalk: Extracellular ATP and the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and therapy. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111281. [PMID: 38945420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a vital element in energy information. It plays a critical role in transmitting signals inside the body, which is necessary for controlling the life activities of all cells, including tumor cells [1]. Its significance extends from intracellular signaling pathways to tumor regression. Purinergic signaling, a form of extracellular paracrine signaling, relies on purine nucleotides. Extracellular ectonucleotidases convert these purine nucleotides to their respective di and mono-phosphate nucleoside forms, contributing significantly to immune biology, cancer biology, and inflammation studies. ATP functions as a mighty damage-linked molecular pattern when released outside the cell, accumulating in inflammatory areas. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), purinergic receptors such as ATP-gated ion channels P2X1-5 and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) (P2Y) interact with ATP and other nucleotides, influencing diverse immune cell activities. CD39 and CD73-mediated extracellular ATP degradation contributes to immunosuppression by diminishing ATP-dependent activation and generating adenosine (ADO), potentially hindering antitumor immunity and promoting tumor development. Unraveling the complexities of extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and ADO effects on the TME poses challenges in identifying optimal treatment targets, yet ongoing investigations aim to devise strategies combating e-ATP/ADO-induced immunosuppression, ultimately enhancing anti-tumor immunity. This review explores e-ATP metabolism, its purinergic signaling, and therapeutic strategies targeting associated receptors and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Shukla
- Immunology Lab, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Parameswar Dalai
- Immunology Lab, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Zhou Q, Liu S, Kou Y, Yang P, Liu H, Hasegawa T, Su R, Zhu G, Li M. ATP Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Invasion and Migration by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway via the P2Y2-Src-EGFR Axis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39760-39771. [PMID: 36385800 PMCID: PMC9648055 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the head and neck, and approximately 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The purinergic P2Y2 receptor is upregulated in breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer, but its role in OSCC is still unclear. Here, we examined the effects of P2Y2 on the invasion and migration of oral cancer cells (SCC15 and CAL27). The BALB/c mouse model was used to observe the involvement of P2Y2 with tumors in vivo. P2Y2, Src, and EGFR are highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Stimulation with ATP significantly enhanced cell invasion and migration in oral cancer cells, and enhanced the activity of Src and EGFR protein kinases, which is mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. P2Y2 knockdown attenuated the above ATP-driven events in vitro and in vivo. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was blocked by Src or EGFR inhibitor. Extracellular ATP activates the PI3K/AKT pathway through the P2Y2-Src-EGFR axis to promote OSCC invasion and migration, and thus, P2Y2 may be a potential novel target for antimetastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuying Kou
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department
of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Rongjian Su
- College
of Basic Medicine of Jinzhou Medical University, Cell Biology and
Genetic Department of Jinzhou Medical University, Key Lab of Molecular
and Cellular Biology of the Education Department of Liaoning Province, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Guoxiong Zhu
- Department
of Stomatology, No.960 Hospital of PLA, No. 25 Shifan Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Feng LL, Cai YQ, Zhu MC, Xing LJ, Wang X. The yin and yang functions of extracellular ATP and adenosine in tumor immunity. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:110. [PMID: 32280302 PMCID: PMC7137337 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and its main metabolite adenosine (ADO) constitute an intrinsic part of immunological network in tumor immunity. The concentrations of eATP and ADO in tumor microenvironment (TME) are controlled by ectonucleotidases, such as CD39 and CD73, the major ecto-enzymes expressed on immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer cells. Once accumulated in TME, eATP boosts antitumor immune responses, while ADO attenuates immunity against tumors. eATP and ADO, like yin and yang, represent two opposite aspects from immune-activating to immune-suppressive signals. Here we reviewed the functions of eATP and ADO in tumor immunity and attempt to block eATP hydrolysis, ADO formation and their contradictory effects in tumor models, allowing the induction of effective anti-tumor immune responses in TME. These attempts documented that therapeutic approaches targeting eATP/ADO metabolism and function may be effective methods in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Feng
- 1Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Yi-Qing Cai
- 1Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Ming-Chen Zhu
- 5Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Li-Jie Xing
- 1Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China.,2School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China.,National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
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Yang H, Geng Y, Wang P, Zhou Y, Yang H, Huo Y, Zhang H, Li Y, He H, Tian X, Fang W. Extracellular ATP promotes breast cancer invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via hypoxia-inducible factor 2α signaling. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2456-2470. [PMID: 31148343 PMCID: PMC6676128 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP has been shown to play an important role in invasion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in breast cancer; however, the mechanism is unclear. Here, by using a cDNA microarray, we demonstrated that extracellular ATP could stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling and upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1/2α (HIF-1/2α) expression. After knocking down HIF-1/2α using siRNA, we found that ATP-driven invasion and EMT were significantly attenuated via HIF2A-siRNA in breast cancer cells. By using ChIP assays, we revealed that the biological function of extracellular ATP in invasion and EMT process depended on HIF-2α direct targets, among which lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mediated ATP-driven invasion, and E-cadherin and Snail mediated ATP-driven EMT, respectively. In addition, using silver staining and mass spectrometry, we found that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) could interact with HIF-2α and mediate ATP-driven HIF-2α upregulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that expressions of HIF-2α and its target proteins could be regulated via ATP by AKT-PGK1 pathway. Using a Balb/c mice model, we illustrated the function of HIF-2α in promoting tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, by exploring online databases, we found that molecules involved in ATP-HIF-2α signaling were highly expressed in human breast carcinoma tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that extracellular ATP could promote breast carcinoma invasion and EMT via HIF-2α signaling, which may be a potential target for future anti-metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yue‐Hang Geng
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Ting Zhou
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Han Yang
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Fei Huo
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Quan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hui‐Ying He
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Xia Tian
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Gang Fang
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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Di Virgilio F, Sarti AC, Falzoni S, De Marchi E, Adinolfi E. Extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:601-618. [PMID: 30006588 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most tumours, a condition that makes antitumour immunity ineffective. One of the most potent immunosuppressive factors is adenosine, which is generated in the tumour microenvironment owing to degradation of extracellular ATP. Accruing evidence over the past few years shows that ATP is one of the major biochemical constituents of the tumour microenvironment, where it acts at P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumour and host cells. Stimulation of P2 receptors has different effects depending on the extracellular ATP concentration, the P2 receptor subtype engaged and the target cell type. Among P2 receptors, the P2X purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R) subtype appears to be a main player in host-tumour cell interactions. Preclinical studies in several tumour models have shown that P2X7R targeting is potentially a very effective anticancer treatment, and many pharmaceutical companies have now developed potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of P2X7R. In this Review, we report on the multiple mechanisms by which extracellular ATP shapes the tumour microenvironment and how its stimulation of host and tumour cell P2 receptors contributes to determining tumour fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Joyner MJ, Casey DP. Regulation of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to muscles during exercise: a hierarchy of competing physiological needs. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:549-601. [PMID: 25834232 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on how blood flow to contracting skeletal muscles is regulated during exercise in humans. The idea is that blood flow to the contracting muscles links oxygen in the atmosphere with the contracting muscles where it is consumed. In this context, we take a top down approach and review the basics of oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in humans, how these values change with training, and the systemic hemodynamic adaptations that support them. We highlight the very high muscle blood flow responses to exercise discovered in the 1980s. We also discuss the vasodilating factors in the contracting muscles responsible for these very high flows. Finally, the competition between demand for blood flow by contracting muscles and maximum systemic cardiac output is discussed as a potential challenge to blood pressure regulation during heavy large muscle mass or whole body exercise in humans. At this time, no one dominant dilator mechanism accounts for exercise hyperemia. Additionally, complex interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the microcirculation facilitate high levels of systemic oxygen extraction and permit just enough sympathetic control of blood flow to contracting muscles to regulate blood pressure during large muscle mass exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Darren P Casey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Abstract
The common theme of this introductory article and the minireviews that follow in this special issue is the concept of microenvironments within tissues and surrounding cells that would be ideal signaling venues for a biologically active purinergic ligand. Collectively, the editors/authors and the other contributing authors agree that nucleotides and nucleosides would be most potent within a confined system. A talented cadre of purinergics has been solicited to discuss purinergic signaling in his or her favorite microenvironment within a given organ or tissue. We are gratified by the large number of original articles that also have successfully navigated the peer review process and are part of this special issue. These concepts are not simply purinergic, but the idea of maximal potency in a tissue microenvironment and surrounding specialized cells within a tissue pertains to any autacoid or paracrine agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Schwiebert
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Martinello T, Baldoin MC, Morbiato L, Paganin M, Tarricone E, Schiavo G, Bianchini E, Sandonà D, Betto R. Extracellular ATP signaling during differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells: role in proliferation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 351:183-96. [PMID: 21308481 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that extracellular ATP signals influence myogenesis, regeneration and physiology of skeletal muscle. Present work was aimed at characterizing the extracellular ATP signaling system of skeletal muscle C2C12 cells during differentiation. We show that mechanical and electrical stimulation produces substantial release of ATP from differentiated myotubes, but not from proliferating myoblasts. Extracellular ATP-hydrolyzing activity is low in myoblasts and high in myotubes, consistent with the increased expression of extracellular enzymes during differentiation. Stimulation of cells with extracellular nucleotides produces substantial Ca(2+) transients, whose amplitude and shape changed during differentiation. Consistently, C2C12 cells express several P2X and P2Y receptors, whose level changes along with maturation stages. Supplementation with either ATP or UTP stimulates proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, whereas excessive doses were cytotoxic. The data indicate that skeletal muscle development is accompanied by major functional changes in extracellular ATP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Martinello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Schwiebert EM. Underlying purinergic signaling contributes to T lymphocyte activation in tissue repair. Focus on "shockwaves increase the T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through ATP release, P2X7 receptors, and FAK activation". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C446-7. [PMID: 20071688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00010.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Corriden R, Insel PA. Basal release of ATP: an autocrine-paracrine mechanism for cell regulation. Sci Signal 2010; 3:re1. [PMID: 20068232 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.3104re1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cells release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activates plasma membrane-localized P2X and P2Y receptors and thereby modulates cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Release of ATP and the subsequent activation of P2 receptors help establish the basal level of activation (sometimes termed "the set point") for signal transduction pathways and regulate a wide array of responses that include tissue blood flow, ion transport, cell volume regulation, neuronal signaling, and host-pathogen interactions. Basal release and autocrine or paracrine responses to ATP are multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved, and provide an economical means for the modulation of cell, tissue, and organismal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Corriden
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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