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Jiang K, Wu J, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhang Y, Gu X, Tang K. Nanoparticles targeting the adenosine pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5787-5811. [PMID: 38845588 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, as an emerging approach to cancer treatment, has tremendous potential for application. Compared to traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, it has the ability to restore the patient's immune system, leading to long-term immune memory with less damage to normal tissues. However, immunotherapy has its limitations, including limited therapeutic efficacy, restricted patient populations, and inconsistent treatment responses. Finding effective immunotherapeutic approaches has become a key focus of its clinical application. The adenosine pathway is a recently discovered tumor immune regulatory signaling pathway. It can influence the metabolism and growth of tumor cells by acting through key enzymes in the adenosine pathway, thereby affecting the development of tumors. Therefore, inhibiting the adenosine pathway is an effective cancer immunotherapy. Common adenosine pathway inhibitors include small molecules and antibody proteins, and extensive preclinical trials have demonstrated their effectiveness in inhibiting tumor growth. The short half-life, low bioavailability, and single administration route of adenosine pathway inhibitors limit their clinical application. With the advent of nanotechnology, nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors has addressed these issues. Compared to traditional drugs, nano-drugs extend the drug's circulation time and improve its distribution within the body. They also offer targeting capabilities and have low toxic side effects, making them very promising for future applications. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of the adenosine pathway in tumor immune suppression, the clinical applications of adenosine pathway inhibitors, and nano-delivery based on adenosine pathway inhibitors. In the final part of this article, we also briefly discuss the technical issues and challenges currently present in nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors, with the hope of advancing the progress of adenosine inhibitor nano-drugs in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoya Gu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Buanec HL, Schiavon V, Merandet M, How-Kit A, Bergerat D, Fombellida-Lopez C, Bensussan A, Bouaziz JD, Burny A, Darcis G, Song H, Sajadi MM, Kottilil S, Gallo RC, Zagury D. Early elevated IFNα is a key mediator of HIV pathogenesis. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:53. [PMID: 38504106 PMCID: PMC10951235 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complete understanding of the different steps of HIV replication and an effective drug combination have led to modern antiretroviral regimens that block HIV replication for decades, but these therapies are not curative and must be taken for life. "Elite controllers" (ECs) is a term for the 0.5% of HIV-infected persons requiring no antiretroviral therapy, whose status may point the way toward a functional HIV cure. Defining the mechanisms of this control may be key to understanding how to replicate this functional cure in others. METHODS In ECs and untreated non-EC patients, we compared IFNα serum concentration, distribution of immune cell subsets, and frequency of cell markers associated with immune dysfunction. We also investigated the effect of an elevated dose of IFNα on distinct subsets within dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and CD4+ and CD8 + T cells. RESULTS Serum IFNα was undetectable in ECs, but all immune cell subsets from untreated non-EC patients were structurally and functionally impaired. We also show that the altered phenotype and function of these cell subsets in non-EC patients can be recapitulated when cells are stimulated in vitro with high-dose IFNα. CONCLUSIONS Elevated IFNα is a key mediator of HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Buanec
- Université de Paris; INSERM U976, HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Schiavon
- Université de Paris; INSERM U976, HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Marine Merandet
- Université de Paris; INSERM U976, HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | | | - David Bergerat
- Université de Paris; INSERM U976, HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Céline Fombellida-Lopez
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, GIGA-I3, GIGA-Institute University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Armand Bensussan
- Université de Paris; INSERM U976, HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- Université de Paris; INSERM U976, HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
- Dermatology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Arsène Burny
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gembloux Agrobiotech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, GIGA-I3, GIGA-Institute University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Hongshuo Song
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Remley VA, Linden J, Bauer TW, Dimastromatteo J. Unlocking antitumor immunity with adenosine receptor blockers. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:748-767. [PMID: 38263981 PMCID: PMC10804392 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumors survive by creating a tumor microenvironment (TME) that suppresses antitumor immunity. The TME suppresses the immune system by limiting antigen presentation, inhibiting lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell activation, and facilitating T cell exhaustion. Checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 are immunostimulatory antibodies, and their blockade extends the survival of some but not all cancer patients. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is abundant in inflamed tumors, and its metabolite, adenosine (ADO), is a driver of immunosuppression mediated by adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and adenosine A2B receptors (A2BR) found on tumor-associated lymphoid and myeloid cells. This review will focus on adenosine as a key checkpoint inhibitor-like immunosuppressive player in the TME and how reducing adenosine production or blocking A2AR and A2BR enhances antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Remley
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Todd W. Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Hetmann A, Szymczak B, Czarnecka J, Rusak T, Wiśniewski M, Wujak M, Roszek K. Adenylate kinase immobilized on graphene oxide impairs progression of human lung carcinoma epithelial cells through adenosinergic pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1565-1576. [PMID: 37162101 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling, the oldest evolutionary transmitter system, has been increasingly studied as a pivotal target for novel anti-cancer therapies. In the present work, the developed nanobiocatalytic system consisting of adenylate kinase immobilized on graphene oxide (AK-GO) was characterized in terms of its physicochemical and biochemical properties. We put special emphasis on the AK-GO influence on purinergic signaling components, that is, ecto-nucleotides concentration and ecto-enzymes expression and activity in human lung carcinoma epithelial (A549) cells. The immobilization-dependent modification of AK kinetic parameters allowed for the removal of ATP excess while maintaining low ATP concentrations, efficient decrease in adenosine concentration, and control of the nucleotide balance in carcinoma cells. The cyto- and hemocompatibility of developed AK-GO nanobiocatalytic system indicates that it can be successfully harnessed for biomedical applications. In A549 cells treated with AK-GO nanobiocatalytic system, the significantly decreased adenosinergic signaling results in reduction of the proliferation and migration capability of cancer cells. This finding is particularly relevant in regard to AK-GO prospective anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hetmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szymczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rusak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Adsorption and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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Hamoud AR, Bach K, Kakrecha O, Henkel N, Wu X, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Adenosine, Schizophrenia and Cancer: Does the Purinergic System Offer a Pathway to Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911835. [PMID: 36233136 PMCID: PMC9570456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, a complex relationship between schizophrenia diagnosis and development of many cancers has been observed. Findings from epidemiological studies are mixed, with reports of increased, reduced, or no difference in cancer incidence in schizophrenia patients. However, as risk factors for cancer, including elevated smoking rates and substance abuse, are commonly associated with this patient population, it is surprising that cancer incidence is not higher. Various factors may account for the proposed reduction in cancer incidence rates including pathophysiological changes associated with disease. Perturbations of the adenosine system are hypothesized to contribute to the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Conversely, hyperfunction of the adenosine system is found in the tumor microenvironment in cancer and targeting the adenosine system therapeutically is a promising area of research in this disease. We outline the current biochemical and pharmacological evidence for hypofunction of the adenosine system in schizophrenia, and the role of increased adenosine metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. In the context of the relatively limited literature on this patient population, we discuss whether hypofunction of this system in schizophrenia, may counteract the immunosuppressive role of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight the importance of studies examining the adenosine system in this subset of patients for the potential insight they may offer into these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rizaq Hamoud
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Karen Bach
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ojal Kakrecha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nicholas Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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Fu X, Shi Y, Zang H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Qiu S, Shen H, Mo F, Zhang Y, Lin G. Combination of oxaliplatin and POM-1 by nanoliposomes to reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment. J Control Release 2022; 347:1-13. [PMID: 35508221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some chemotherapy can damage tumor cells, releasing damage-related molecular patterns including ATP to improve immunological recognition against the tumor by immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, the immune-stimulating ATP may be rapidly degraded into immunosuppressive adenosine by highly expressed CD39 and CD73 in the tumor microenvironment, which leads to immune escape. Based on the above paradox, a liposome nanoplatform combined with ICD inducer (oxaliplatin) and CD39 inhibitor (POM-1) is designed for immunochemotherapy. The liposomes efficiently load the phospholipid-like oxaliplatin prodrug, and the cationic charged surface could adsorb POM-1. Rationally designed DSPE-PEGn-pep, on the one hand, could cover and hide POM-1 to avoid systematic toxicity and, on the other, achieve a response and charge reversal to favor POM-1 shedding and tumor deep penetration. This combination maximizes the ICD effect, and takes two-pronged advantage of stimulating the immune response and relieving immune suppression. The designed POL can effectively inhibit the growth of in situ, lung metastasis and postoperative recurrence melanoma model and form long-term immune memory. With the powerful clinical transformation potential of nanoliposome platforms, this new synergistic strategy is expected to enhance anticancer effects safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shengnan Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Targeting the purinergic pathway in breast cancer and its therapeutic applications. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:179-200. [PMID: 33576905 PMCID: PMC7879595 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of death among women, representing a global public health problem. Here, we aimed to discuss the correlation between the purinergic system and BC, recognizing therapeutic targets. For this, we analyzed the interaction of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides with the purinergic receptors P1 and P2, as well as the influence of ectonucleotidase enzymes (CD39 and CD73) on tumor progression. A comprehensive bibliographic search was carried out. The relevant articles for this review were found in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect databases. It was observed that among the P1 receptors, the A1, A2A, and A2B receptors are involved in the proliferation and invasion of BC, while the A3 receptor is related to the inhibition of tumor growth. Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 has a dual function. When activated for a short time, it promotes metastasis, but when activated for long periods, it is related to BC cell death. P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors are related to BC proliferation and invasiveness. Also, the high expression of CD39 and CD73 in BC is strongly related to a worse prognosis. The receptors and ectonucleotidases involved with BC become possible therapeutic targets. Several purinergic pathways have been found to be involved in BC cell survival and progression. In this review, in addition to analyzing the pathways involved, we reviewed the therapeutic interventions already studied for BC related to the purinergic system, as well as to other possible therapeutic targets.
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Detection of CD39 and a Highly Glycosylated Isoform of Soluble CD73 in the Plasma of Patients with Cervical Cancer: Correlation with Disease Progression. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1678780. [PMID: 33488292 PMCID: PMC7803102 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1678780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main factor in the development of cervical cancer (CC). The presence of immunosuppressive factors plays an important role in the development of this type of cancer. To determine whether CD39 and CD73, which participate in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado), are involved in the progression of CC, we compared the concentrations and hydrolytic activity of these ectonucleotidases in platelet-free plasma (PFP) samples between patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (n = 18), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (n = 12), and CC (n = 19) and normal donors (NDs) (n = 15). The concentrations of CD39 and CD73 in PFP increased with disease progression (r = 0.5929, p < 0.001). The PFP of patients with HSILs or CC showed the highest concentrations of CD39 (2.3 and 2.2 times that of the NDs, respectively) and CD73 (1.7 and 2.68 times that of the NDs, respectively), which were associated with a high capacity to generate Ado from the hydrolysis of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The addition of POM-1 and APCP, specific inhibitors of CD39 and CD73, respectively, inhibited the ADPase and AMPase activity of PFP by more than 90%. A high level of the 90 kD isoform of CD73 was detected in the PFP of patients with HSILs or CC. Digestion with endoglycosidase H and N-glycanase generated CD73 with weights of approximately 90 kD, 85 kD, 80 kD, and 70 kD. In addition, the levels of transforming grow factor-β (TGF-β) in the PFPs of patients with LSIL, HSIL and CC positively correlated with those of CD39 (r = 0.4432, p < 0.001) and CD73 (r = 0.5786, p < 0.001). These results suggest that persistent infection by HR-HPV and the concomitant production of TGF-β promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 to favor CC progression through Ado generation.
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Ostuni A, Carmosino M, Miglionico R, Abruzzese V, Martinelli F, Russo D, Laurenzana I, Petillo A, Bisaccia F. Inhibition of ABCC6 Transporter Modifies Cytoskeleton and Reduces Motility of HepG2 Cells via Purinergic Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061410. [PMID: 32517079 PMCID: PMC7349786 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCC6, belonging to sub-family C of ATP-binding cassette transporter, is an ATP-dependent transporter mainly present in the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatic and kidney cells. Although the substrates transported are still uncertain, ABCC6 has been shown to promote ATP release. The extracellular ATP and its derivatives di- and mono-nucleotides and adenosine by acting on specific receptors activate the so-called purinergic pathway, which in turn controls relevant cellular functions such as cell immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Here, we analyzed the effect of Abcc6 knockdown and probenecid-induced ABCC6 inhibition on cell cycle, cytoskeleton, and motility of HepG2 cells. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Cellular cycle analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics was evaluated by laser confocal microscopy using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. Cell motility was analyzed by in vitro wound-healing migration assay. Cell migration is reduced both in Abcc6 knockdown HepG2 cells and in probenecid treated HepG2 cells by interfering with the extracellular reserve of ATP. Therefore, ABCC6 could contribute to cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility through purinergic signaling. Altogether, our findings shed light on a new role of the ABCC6 transporter in HepG2 cells and suggest that its inhibitor/s could be considered potential anti-metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-0971-205453 (A.O.); Tel.: +39-0971-205462 (F.B.)
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Rocchina Miglionico
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Vittorio Abruzzese
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Fabio Martinelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Agata Petillo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-0971-205453 (A.O.); Tel.: +39-0971-205462 (F.B.)
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Pfaffenzeller MS, Franciosi MLM, Cardoso AM. Purinergic signaling and tumor microenvironment in cervical Cancer. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:123-135. [PMID: 32170538 PMCID: PMC7166227 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer incidence in the world female population, and it has become a public health problem worldwide. Several factors are involved in this type of cancer, including intrinsic factors related to the inflammatory process, such as extracellular nucleotides and adenosine-components of the purinergic system. The present review focuses on the role of the purinergic system in cervical cancer, especially regarding the interaction of extracellular nucleotides with their respective receptors expressed in the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer and their role in the host immune response. The high concentrations of extracellular nucleotides in the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer interfere in the regulation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of cancer cells of the uterine cervix through different P1 and P2 receptor subtypes. Such diverse cellular processes that are mediated by adenosine triphosphate and adenosine across the tumor microenvironment and that also have effects on host immune defense will be reviewed here in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Academic Coordination, Medicine, Campus Chapecó, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC Brazil
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Huang Y, Shi Y, Wang Q, Qi T, Fu X, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Zhai G, Zhao X, Sun Q, Lin G. Enzyme responsiveness enhances the specificity and effectiveness of nanoparticles for the treatment of B16F10 melanoma. J Control Release 2019; 316:208-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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