1
|
Tang H, Kong Q, Zhang Z, Wu W, Yuan L, Liu X. Regulation of transcription factor function by purinergic signalling in cardiovascular diseases. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10045-8. [PMID: 39215950 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction, constitute the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Transcription factors play critical roles in the development of CVDs and contribute to the pathophysiology of these diseases by coordinating the transcription of many genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and glycolytic metabolism. One important regulator of hemostasis in both healthy and pathological settings has been identified as a purinergic signalling pathway. Research has demonstrated that several signalling networks implicated in the pathophysiology of CVDs are formed by transcription factors that are regulated by purinergic substances. Here, we briefly summarize the roles and mechanisms of the transcription factors regulated by purinergic pathways in various types of CVD. This information will be essential for discovering novel approaches for CVD treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihang Kong
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Public Laboratory of West China Second University Hospital and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi X, Zhang S, Li J, Ke Y, Bai Y. Fibronectin/α5 Integrin Contribute to Hypertension-Associated Arterial Ageing and Calcification through Affecting BMP2/MGP Imbalance and Enhancing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transformation. Gerontology 2024; 70:858-875. [PMID: 38824923 DOI: 10.1159/000539399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension can accelerate and aggravate the process of arterial ageing and calcification. However, the mechanism behind has yet to be well elucidated. METHODS Here, we monitored the dynamic changes of fibronectin (FN)/α5 integrin, bone morphogenetic protein 2/matrix Gla protein (BMP2/MGP), and Runx2 in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), also the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs during the process of arterial ageing and calcification. Further, study on arterial ageing and calcification through antagonist experiments at the molecular level was explored. RESULTS We found extracellular FN and its α5 integrin receptor expressions were positively associated with arterial ageing and calcification in SHR during ageing, as well in VSMCs from SHR in vitro. Integrin receptor inhibitor of GRGDSP would delay this arterial ageing and calcification process. Moreover, the elevated FN and α5 integrin receptor expression evoked the disequilibrium of BMP2/MGP, where the expression of BMP2, a potent osteogenic inducer, increased while MGP, a calcification inhibitor, decreased. Furthermore, it was followed by the upregulation of Runx2 and the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from the contractile phenotype into the osteoblast-like cells. Notably, BMP2 antagonist of rmNoggin was sufficient to ameliorate the ageing and calcification process of VSMCs and exogenous BMP2-adding accelerate and aggregate the process. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that hypertension-associated arterial ageing and calcification might be a consequence that hypertension up-regulated FN and its high binding affinity integrin α5 receptor in the aortic wall, which in turn aggravated the imbalance of BMP2/MGP, promoted the transcription of Runx2, and induced the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from the contractile phenotype into the osteoblast-like cells. Our study would provide insights into hypertension-associated arterial ageing and calcification and shed new light on the control of arterial calcification, especially for those with hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Clinical Research Center for Senile Vascular Aging and Brain Aging, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siduo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Clinical Research Center for Senile Vascular Aging and Brain Aging, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Clinical Research Center for Senile Vascular Aging and Brain Aging, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yilang Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Clinical Research Center for Senile Vascular Aging and Brain Aging, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yajing Bai
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Clinical Research Center for Senile Vascular Aging and Brain Aging, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Opdebeeck B, Van den Branden A, Adriaensen S, Orriss IR, Patel JJ, Geryl H, Zwijsen K, D’Haese PC, Verhulst A. β,γ-Methylene-ATP and its metabolite medronic acid affect both arterial media calcification and bone mineralization in non-CKD and CKD rats. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae057. [PMID: 38764790 PMCID: PMC11102572 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Arterial media calcification or pathological deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the vessel wall contributes significantly to the high mortality rate observed in patients with CKD. Extracellular nucleotides (ie, ATP or UTP) regulate the arterial calcification process by interacting with (1) purinergic receptors and (2) breakdown via ecto-nucleotidases, such as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP1 or NPP3, affecting the local levels of calcification inhibitor, pyrophosphate, and stimulator inorganic phosphate (PPi/Pi ratio). Also, it has been shown that ATP analogs (ie, β,γ-methylene-ATP [β,γ-meATP]) inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell calcification in vitro. In the first experiment, daily dosing of β,γ-meATP (2 mg/kg) was investigated in rats fed a warfarin diet to trigger the development of non-CKD-related arterial medial calcifications. This study showed that β,γ-meATP significantly lowered the calcium scores in the aorta and peripheral vessels in warfarin-exposed rats. In a second experiment, daily dosing of 4 mg/kg β,γ-meATP and its metabolite medronic acid (MDP) was analyzed in rats fed an adenine diet to promote the development of CKD-related arterial medial calcification. Administration of β,γ-meATP and MDP did not significantly decrease aortic calcification scores in this model. Moreover, both compounds induced deleterious effects on physiological bone mineralization, causing an imminent risk for worsening the already compromised bone status in CKD. Due to this, it was not possible to raise the dosage of both compounds to tackle CKD-related arterial calcification. Again, this points out the difficult task of targeting solely ectopic calcifications without negatively affecting physiological bone mineralization. On the other hand, aortic mRNA expression of Enpp1 and Enpp3 was significantly and positively associated with aortic calcification scores, suggesting that normalizing the aortic NPP1/3 activity to control values might be a possible target to treat (CKD-induced) arterial media calcifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Opdebeeck
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Astrid Van den Branden
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Saar Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Jessal J Patel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Hilde Geryl
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Zwijsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Inflamed Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D’Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang WB, Feng SY, Xiao ZX, Qi YF, Zeng ZF, Chen H. Down-regulating of MFN2 promotes vascular calcification via regulating RAS-RAF-ERK1/2 pathway. Int J Cardiol 2022; 366:11-18. [PMID: 35716948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC), as a prevalent feature of atherosclerosis (AS), is a life-threatening pathological change. Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) has been reported to be down-regulated and participate in the pathogenesis of AS. Here, we explored the feasible impacts of MFN2 on VC in AS. METHODS Atherosclerotic lesion was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. The VC was detected by Alizarin Red S staining, ALP staining, and calcium content in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) or atherosclerotic mice. The chondrocyte differentiation of VSMCs was measured by Alcian blue staining. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of associated molecules. Intermolecular interaction was measured by ChIP and dual luciferase assays. RESULTS The expression of MFN2 and E2F1 was reduced in the aorta tissues of AS patients and mice. Silencing of MFN2 drove calcification in VSMCs and aortas of atherosclerotic mice as confirmed by up-regulating RUNX2, OPG levels, and down-regulating SM22α, α-SMA levels. The chondrocyte differentiation of VSMCs was accelerated by MFN2 knockdown through inducing the expression of Aggrecan, Collagen II, and SOX9. In addition, E2F1 promoted the transcription and expression of MFN2 in VSMCs. Overexpression of MFN2 or E2F1 suppressed ox-LDL-induced VSMC calcification. Finally, MFN2 depletion enhanced VSMC calcification via activating RAS-RAF-ERK1/2 pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that silencing of MFN2 drives VC via activating RAS-RAF-ERK1/2 pathway in the progression of AS, thus MFN2 may be a therapeutic target for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China.
| | - Si-Yi Feng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Zhan-Xiang Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - You-Fei Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Zhao-Fan Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia J, Tao X, Tian Z, Liu J, Ye X, Zhan Y. Vitamin D receptor deficiency increases systolic blood pressure by upregulating the renin‑angiotensin system and autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:314. [PMID: 35369533 PMCID: PMC8943549 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) may regulate blood pressure via multiple pathways. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism by which VDR deficiency increases blood pressure. A total of 16 8-week-old male littermate mice were randomly divided into the VDR knockout and wild-type groups (VDR-/- and VDR+/+, respectively). Blood pressure was measured using a four-channel PowerLab data acquisition and ADI software analysis system. After euthanasia, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were isolated from the VDR-/- and VDR+/+ mice. Oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation and autophagy markers were measured in the isolated VSMCs using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays. Mean systolic pressure was significantly higher in the VDR-/- mice compared with the VDR+/+ mice. RT-qPCR and western blotting analyses indicated that RAS markers (angiotensin II and II type 1 receptor) were significantly upregulated, oxidative stress was increased (evidenced by reduced superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin-4) and autophagy was activated (upregulation of autophagy related protein 7, Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A) in the VDR-/- VSMCs compared with the VDR+/+ VSMCs. TEM demonstrated that there were more autophagy bodies in the VDR-/- VSMCs compared with the VDR+/+ VSMCs. In conclusion, VDR deficiency was associated with high blood pressure. The mechanism underlying the increase in blood pressure caused by VDR deficiency may involve activation of the RAS, as well as increased oxidative stress and autophagy of VSMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jia
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhouning Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bourne LE, Patel JJ, Davies BK, Neven E, Verhulst A, D'Haese PC, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Orriss IR. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) differentially affects arterial medial calcification and bone formation: The role of l-cysteine and hydrogen sulphide. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1070-1086. [PMID: 34658034 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is the deposition of calcium phosphate in the arteries. AMC is widely thought to share similarities with physiological bone formation; however, emerging evidence suggests several key differences between these processes. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) displays antioxidant properties and can generate hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and glutathione (GSH) from its deacetylation to l-cysteine. This study found that NAC exerts divergent effects in vitro, increasing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by up to 5.5-fold but reducing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and cell death by up to 80%. In vivo, NAC reduced AMC in a site-specific manner by 25% but had no effect on the bone. The actions of l-cysteine and H2 S mimicked those of NAC; however, the effects of H2 S were much less efficacious than NAC and l-cysteine. Pharmacological inhibition of H2 S-generating enzymes did not alter the actions of NAC or l-cysteine; endogenous production of H2 S was also unaffected. In contrast, NAC and l-cysteine increased GSH levels in calcifying VSMCs and osteoblasts by up to 3-fold. This suggests that the beneficial actions of NAC are likely to be mediated via the breakdown of l-cysteine and the subsequent GSH generation. Together, these data show that while the molecular mechanisms driving the actions of NAC appear similar, the downstream effects on cell function differ significantly between osteoblasts and calcifying VSMCs. The ability of NAC to exert these differential actions further supports the notion that there are differences between the development of pathological AMC and physiological bone formation. NAC could represent a therapeutic option for treating AMC without exerting negative effects on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Jessal J Patel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Bethan K Davies
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Ellen Neven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He X, Wan J, Yang X, Zhang X, Huang D, Li X, Zou Y, Chen C, Yu Z, Xie L, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li S, Zhao Y, Shao H, Yu Y, Zheng J. Bone marrow niche ATP levels determine leukemia-initiating cell activity via P2X7 in leukemic models. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140242. [PMID: 33301426 DOI: 10.1172/jci140242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How particular bone marrow niche factors contribute to the leukemogenic activities of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that ATP levels were markedly increased in the bone marrow niches of mice with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and LICs preferentially localized to the endosteal niche with relatively high ATP levels, as indicated by a sensitive ATP indicator. ATP could efficiently induce the influx of ions into LICs in an MLL-AF9-induced murine AML model via the ligand-gated ion channel P2X7. P2x7 deletion led to notably impaired homing and self-renewal capacities of LICs and contributed to an approximately 5-fold decrease in the number of functional LICs but had no effect on normal hematopoiesis. ATP/P2X7 signaling enhanced the calcium flux-mediated phosphorylation of CREB, which further transactivated phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) expression to maintain serine metabolism and LIC fates. P2X7 knockdown resulted in a markedly extended survival of recipients transplanted with either human AML cell lines or primary leukemia cells. Blockade of ATP/P2X7 signaling could efficiently inhibit leukemogenesis. Here, we provide a perspective for understanding how ATP/P2X7 signaling sustains LIC activities, which may benefit the development of specific strategies for targeting LICs or other types of cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao He
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuze Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xie Li
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejun Zou
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfang Shao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cudrici CD, Newman KA, Ferrante EA, Huffstutler R, Carney K, Betancourt B, Miettinen M, Siegel R, Katz JD, Nesti LJ, St Hilaire C, Lakshmipathy D, Wen H, Bagheri MH, Boehm M, Brofferio A. Multifocal Calcific Periarthritis with Distinctive Clinical and Radiological Features in Patients with CD73 Deficiency. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:163-173. [PMID: 33744914 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a hereditary autosomal recessive ectopic mineralization syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the 5'-nucleotidase Ecto (NT5E) gene. Periarticular calcification has been reported but the clinical characterization of arthritis as well as the microstructure and chemical composition of periarticular calcifications and synovial fluid crystals has not been systematically investigated. METHODS Eight ACDC patients underwent extensive rheumatological and radiological evaluation over a period of 11 years. Periarticular and synovial biopsies were obtained from four patients. Characterization of crystal composition was evaluated by compensated polarized light microscopy, Alizarin red staining for synovial fluid along with x-ray diffraction and x-ray micro tomosynthesis for periarticular calcification. RESULTS Arthritis in ACDC patients has a clinical presentation of mixed erosive-degenerative joint changes with a median onset of articular symptoms at 17 years of age and progresses over time to the development of fixed deformities and functional limitations of small peripheral joints with eventually, larger joint and distinct axial involvement later in life. We have identified calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) crystals in synovial fluid specimens and determined that CHA crystals are the principal component of periarticular calcifications. CONCLUSION This is the largest study in ACDC patients to describe erosive peripheral arthropathy and axial enthesopathic calcifications over a period of 11 years and the first to identify the composition of periarticular calcifications and synovial fluid crystals. ACDC should be considered among the genetic causes of early-onset osteoarthritis, as musculoskeletal disease signs may often precede vascular symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia D Cudrici
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kam A Newman
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisa A Ferrante
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Huffstutler
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Carney
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blas Betancourt
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Florida, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Siegel
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Disease Area, Basel, CH USA
| | - James D Katz
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Bioengineering, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Lakshmipathy
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Wen
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad H Bagheri
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Extracellular Nucleotides Regulate Arterial Calcification by Activating Both Independent and Dependent Purinergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207636. [PMID: 33076470 PMCID: PMC7589647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification, the deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the extracellular matrix, resembles physiological bone mineralization. It is well-known that extracellular nucleotides regulate bone homeostasis raising an emerging interest in the role of these molecules on arterial calcification. The purinergic independent pathway involves the enzymes ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. These regulate the production and breakdown of the calcification inhibitor—pyrophosphate and the calcification stimulator—inorganic phosphate, from extracellular nucleotides. Maintaining ecto-nucleotidase activities in a well-defined range is indispensable as enzymatic hyper- and hypo-expression has been linked to arterial calcification. The purinergic signaling dependent pathway focusses on the activation of purinergic receptors (P1, P2X and P2Y) by extracellular nucleotides. These receptors influence arterial calcification by interfering with the key molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology, including the osteogenic switch and apoptosis of vascular cells and possibly, by favoring the phenotypic switch of vascular cells towards an adipogenic phenotype, a recent, novel hypothesis explaining the systemic prevention of arterial calcification. Selective compounds influencing the activity of ecto-nucleotidases and purinergic receptors, have recently been developed to treat arterial calcification. However, adverse side-effects on bone mineralization are possible as these compounds reasonably could interfere with physiological bone mineralization.
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel JJ, Bourne LE, Thakur S, Farrington K, Gorog DA, Orriss IR, Baydoun AR. 2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid inhibits vascular calcification via induction of glutathione synthesis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2696-2705. [PMID: 32918744 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC), the deposition of hydroxyapatite in the medial layer of the arteries, is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events. Oxidative stress is a known inducer of AMC and endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), may prevent calcification. GSH synthesis, however, can be limited by cysteine levels. Therefore, we assessed the effects of the cysteine prodrug 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification to ascertain its therapeutic potential. Human aortic VSMCs were cultured in basal or mineralising medium (1 mM calcium chloride/sodium phosphate) and treated with OTC (1-5 mM) for 7 days. Cell-based assays and western blot analysis were performed to assess cell differentiation and function. OTC inhibited calcification ≤90%, which was associated with increased ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activity, and reduced apoptosis. In calcifying cells, OTC downregulated protein expression of osteoblast markers (Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteopontin), while maintaining expression of VSMC markers (smooth muscle protein 22α and α-smooth muscle actin). GSH levels were significantly reduced by 90% in VSMCs cultured in calcifying conditions, which was associated with declines in expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Treatment of calcifying cells with OTC blocked the reduction in expression of both enzymes and prevented the decline in GSH. This study shows OTC to be a potent and effective inhibitor of in vitro VSMC calcification. It appears to maintain GSH synthesis which may, in turn, prevent apoptosis and VSMCs gaining osteoblast-like characteristics. These findings may be of clinical relevance and raise the possibility that treatment with OTC could benefit patients susceptible to AMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessal J Patel
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Shori Thakur
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Ken Farrington
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Diana A Gorog
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Anwar R Baydoun
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|