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Lv T, Li G, Zhao C, Ma J, Zhang F, Zhao M, Liu H, Wu H, Li K, Weng Z. P2X7 and P2Y 1 receptors in DRG mediate electroacupuncture to inhibit peripheral sensitization in rats with IBS visceral pain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10028-9. [PMID: 38922475 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although multiple purinergic receptors mediate the analgesic effects of acupuncture, it remains unclear whether there is mutual interaction between purinergic receptors to jointly mediate the electroacupuncture inhibition of peripheral sensitization in visceral pain. Visceral hypersensitivity was induced by intracolonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rat. The antinociception effect of electroacupuncture on visceral pain was evaluated by morphology, behaviors, neuroelectrophysiology and molecular biology techniques. After labeling the colon-related primary sensory neurons with neural retrograde tracer and employing neuropharmacology, neuroelectrophysiology, and molecular biotechnology, the mechanisms of P2X7R, P2Y1R, and P2X3R in colon-related dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons alleviating visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by electroacupuncture at Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acupoints.were elucidated from the perspective of peripheral sensitization. Electroacupuncture significantly inhibited TNBS-induced colonic hypersensitivity in rats with IBS, and Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs) in DRG were found to be involved in electroacupuncture-mediated regulation of the electrophysiological properties of neurons. P2X7R was found to play a pain-inducing role in IBS visceral hypersensitivity by affecting P2X3R, and electroacupuncture exerted an analgesic effect by inhibiting P2X7R activation. P2Y1R was found to play an analgesic role in the process of visceral pain, mediating electroacupuncture to relieve visceral hypersensitivity. P2Y1R relieved visceral pain by inhibiting P2X3R in neurons associated with nociception, with P2X7R identified as upstream of P2Y1R up-regulation by electroacupuncture. Our study suggests that the P2X7R → P2Y1R → P2X3R inhibitory pathway in DRG mediates the inhibition of peripheral sensitization by electroacupuncture in rats with IBS visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lv
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guona Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jindan Ma
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kunshan Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Zhou S, Luo H, Zhang W. Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345625. [PMID: 38370420 PMCID: PMC10869479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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