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Samoudi M, Masson HO, Kuo CC, Robinson CM, Lewis NE. From omics to Cellular mechanisms in mammalian cell factory development. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021; 32:100688. [PMID: 37475722 PMCID: PMC10357924 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have been used widely as biopharmaceutical cell factories due to their ability to make complex biotherapeutic proteins with human-compatible modifications. However, their application for some products has been hampered by low protein yields. Numerous studies have aimed to characterize cellular bottlenecks in the hope of boosting protein productivity, but the complexity of the underlying pathways and the diversity of the modifications have complicated cell engineering when relying solely on traditional methodologies. Incorporating omics-based and systems approaches into cell engineering can provide valuable insights into desirable phenotypes of cell factories. Here, we discuss cell engineering strategies for enhancing protein productivity in mammalian cell factories, particularly CHO and HEK293, and the opportunities and limitations of the genome-wide screening and multi-omics approaches for guiding cell engineering. Systems biology strategies will also be discussed to show how they refine our understanding of the cellular mechanisms which will aid in effective engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Samoudi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Helen O. Masson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Caressa M Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- National Biologics Facility, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Lee GB, Kim YB, Lee JC, Moon MH. Optimisation of high-speed lipidome analysis by nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to identify candidate biomarkers for four different cancers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1175:122739. [PMID: 33991954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid analysis is a powerful tool that can elucidate the pathogenic roles of lipids in metabolic diseases, and facilitate the development of potential biomarkers. Lipid analysis by large-scale lipidomics requires a high-speed and high-throughput analytical platform. In the present study, a high-speed analytical method for lipid analysis using nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (nUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was optimised by investigating the effects of column flow rate, pump flow rate, dwell time, initial binary mobile phase composition, and gradient duration on the separation efficiency of standard lipid mixtures. The minimum gradient time for high-speed lipid separation was determined by examining the time-based separation efficiency and spectral overlap of isobaric lipid species during selected reaction monitoring-based quantification of sphingomyelin and a second isotope of phosphatidylcholine, which differ in molecular weight by only 1 Da. Finally, the optimised nUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was applied to analyse 200 plasma samples from patients with liver, gastric, lung, and colorectal cancer to evaluate its performance by measuring previously identified candidate lipid biomarkers. About 73% of the reported marker candidates (6 out of 7 in liver, 5/9 in gastric, 4/6 in lung, and 6/7 in colorectal cancer) could be assigned using the optimised method, supporting its use for high-throughput lipid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Young Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Xu T, Hu C, Xuan Q, Xu G. Recent advances in analytical strategies for mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:156-169. [PMID: 33153599 PMCID: PMC7525665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are vital biological molecules and play multiple roles in cellular function of mammalian organisms such as cellular membrane anchoring, signal transduction, material trafficking and energy storage. Driven by the biological significance of lipids, lipidomics has become an emerging science in the field of omics. Lipidome in biological systems consists of hundreds of thousands of individual lipid molecules that possess complex structures, multiple categories, and diverse physicochemical properties assembled by different combinations of polar headgroups and hydrophobic fatty acyl chains. Such structural complexity poses a huge challenge for comprehensive lipidome analysis. Thanks to the great innovations in chromatographic separation techniques and the continuous advances in mass spectrometric detection tools, analytical strategies for lipidomics have been highly diversified so that the depth and breadth of lipidomics have been greatly enhanced. This review will present the current state of mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies including untargeted, targeted and pseudotargeted lipidomics. Recent typical applications of lipidomics in biomarker discovery, pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic strategy are summarized, and the challenges facing to the field of lipidomics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuhui Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Alden N, Raju R, McElearney K, Lambropoulos J, Kshirsagar R, Gilbert A, Lee K. Using Metabolomics to Identify Cell Line-Independent Indicators of Growth Inhibition for Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell-based Bioprocesses. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050199. [PMID: 32429145 PMCID: PMC7281457 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Efforts to improve productivity through medium design and feeding strategy optimization have focused on preventing the depletion of essential nutrients and managing the accumulation of lactate and ammonia. In addition to ammonia and lactate, many other metabolites accumulate in CHO cell cultures, although their effects remain largely unknown. Elucidating these effects has the potential to further improve the productivity of CHO cell-based bioprocesses. This study used untargeted metabolomics to identify metabolites that accumulate in fed-batch cultures of monoclonal antibody (mAb) producing CHO cells. The metabolomics experiments profiled six cell lines that are derived from two different hosts, produce different mAbs, and exhibit different growth profiles. Comparing the cell lines’ metabolite profiles at different growth stages, we found a strong negative correlation between peak viable cell density (VCD) and a tryptophan metabolite, putatively identified as 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAAld). Amino acid supplementation experiments showed strong growth inhibition of all cell lines by excess tryptophan, which correlated with the accumulation of 5-HIAAld in the culture medium. Prospectively, the approach presented in this study could be used to identify cell line- and host-independent metabolite markers for clone selection and bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Alden
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Ravali Raju
- Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (R.R.); (K.M.); (J.L.); (R.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Kyle McElearney
- Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (R.R.); (K.M.); (J.L.); (R.K.); (A.G.)
| | - James Lambropoulos
- Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (R.R.); (K.M.); (J.L.); (R.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Rashmi Kshirsagar
- Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (R.R.); (K.M.); (J.L.); (R.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Alan Gilbert
- Biogen, 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (R.R.); (K.M.); (J.L.); (R.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Xuan Q, Zheng F, Yu D, Ouyang Y, Zhao X, Hu C, Xu G. Rapid lipidomic profiling based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and its application in diabetic retinopathy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3585-3594. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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