1
|
Wu K, Lai J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Cui X, Liu Y, Wu X, Yu Z, Ruan R. Optimizing Chlorella vulgaris Cultivation to Enhance Biomass and Lutein Production. Foods 2024; 13:2514. [PMID: 39200441 PMCID: PMC11353733 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein is widely used in medicine, health care, and food processing due to its antioxidant effects; however, it is difficult for the traditional extraction of lutein using marigolds to meet the increasing market demand for lutein. To achieve high-efficiency lutein production, we investigated the effects of different conditions on the biomass accumulation and lutein yield of Chlorella vulgaris. The optimized cultivation conditions include mixotrophic cultivation using sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source, maintaining a total-organic-carbon-to-total-nitrogen ratio of 12:1, a total-nitrogen-to-total-phosphorus ratio of 10:1, and lighting duration of 24 h. The results of the study indicated that under these specific conditions, Chlorella vulgaris attained a final biomass concentration, biomass productivity, and growth yield of 6.08 g·L-1, 1.00 g·L-1·d-1, and 1.67 g biomass/g TOC, respectively. Additionally, the concentrations of total chlorophyll, carotenoid, lutein, and protein reached 139.20 mg·L-1, 31.87 mg·L-1, 15.02 mg·L-1, and 2.17 g·L-1, respectively, and the content of lutein reached 2.47 mg·g-1. This study supplies a theoretical basis for the industrial application of lutein production using Chlorella vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiangling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (K.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (Formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adetunji AI, Erasmus M. Green Synthesis of Bioplastics from Microalgae: A State-of-the-Art Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1322. [PMID: 38794516 PMCID: PMC11124873 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of conventional plastics has increased tremendously in the last decades due to rapid industrialization, population growth, and advancement in the use of modern technologies. However, overuse of these fossil fuel-based plastics has resulted in serious environmental and health hazards by causing pollution, global warming, etc. Therefore, the use of microalgae as a feedstock is a promising, green, and sustainable approach for the production of biobased plastics. Various biopolymers, such as polyhydroxybutyrate, polyurethane, polylactic acid, cellulose-based polymers, starch-based polymers, and protein-based polymers, can be produced from different strains of microalgae under varying culture conditions. Different techniques, including genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, the use of photobioreactors, response surface methodology, and artificial intelligence, are used to alter and improve microalgae stocks for the commercial synthesis of bioplastics at lower costs. In comparison to conventional plastics, these biobased plastics are biodegradable, biocompatible, recyclable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and sustainable, with robust mechanical and thermoplastic properties. In addition, the bioplastics are suitable for a plethora of applications in the agriculture, construction, healthcare, electrical and electronics, and packaging industries. Thus, this review focuses on techniques for the production of biopolymers and bioplastics from microalgae. In addition, it discusses innovative and efficient strategies for large-scale bioplastic production while also providing insights into the life cycle assessment, end-of-life, and applications of bioplastics. Furthermore, some challenges affecting industrial scale bioplastics production and recommendations for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sawant KR, Sarnaik AP, Singh R, Savvashe P, Baier T, Kruse O, Jutur PP, Lali A, Pandit RA. Outdoor cultivation and metabolomics exploration of Chlamydomonas engineered for bisabolene production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130513. [PMID: 38432540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Demonstrating outdoor cultivation of engineered microalgae at considerable scales is essential for their prospective large-scale deployment. Hence, this study focuses on the outdoor cultivation of an engineered Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain, 3XAgBs-SQs, for bisabolene production under natural dynamic conditions of light and temperature. Our preliminary outdoor experiments showed improved growth, but frequent culture collapses in conventional Tris-acetate-phosphate medium. In contrast, modified high-salt medium (HSM) supported prolonged cell survival, outdoor. However, their subsequent outdoor scale-up from 250 mL to 5 L in HSM was effective with 10 g/L bicarbonate supplementation. Pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry and metabolomic analysis further validated their improved photosynthesis and uncompromised metabolic fluxes towards the biomass and the products (natural carotenoids and engineered bisabolene). These strains could produce 906 mg/L bisabolene and 54 mg/L carotenoids, demonstrating the first successful outdoor photoautotrophic cultivation of engineeredC. reinhardtii,establishing it as a one-cell two-wells biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh R Sawant
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Aditya P Sarnaik
- School for Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, The Polytechnic Campus, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
| | - Rabinder Singh
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 237, Trebon 379 01, Czech Republic.
| | - Prashant Savvashe
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Thomas Baier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Arvind Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Reena A Pandit
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Yue Y, Chen X, Wu F, Li W, Li P, Han J. Physiological-biochemical responses and transcriptomic analysis reveal the effects and mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole on the carbon fixation function of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170460. [PMID: 38286284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is characterized by low concentration and pseudo-persistence. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of SMX, especially for low concentration and long-term exposure, are still not clear. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of SMX on carbon fixation-related biological processes of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at population, physiological-biochemical, and transcriptional levels. Results showed that 1-1000 μg/L SMX significantly inhibited the dry weight and carbon fixation rate of C. pyrenoidosa during 21 d. The upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) demonstrated that SMX posed oxidative damage to C. pyrenoidosa. SMX inhibited the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), and consequently stimulated the activity of Rubisco. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that SMX concentration was positively correlated with Rubisco and CAT while exposure time was negatively correlated with CA. Transcriptional analysis showed that the synthesis of chlorophyll-a was stabilized by regulating the diversion of protoporphyrin IX and the chlorophyll cycle. Meanwhile, multiple CO2 compensation mechanisms, including photorespiratory, C4-like CO2 compensation and purine metabolism pathways were triggered in response to the CO2 requirements of Rubisco. This study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of SMX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhou
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213032, China
| | - Yujiao Yue
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Feifan Wu
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Wei Li
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
| | - Pingping Li
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Jiangang Han
- Co-Innovation center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No. 666 Liaohe Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213032, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Shi Q, Tong A, Sun L, Fan J. Screening of microalgae strains for efficient biotransformation of small molecular organic acids from dark fermentation biohydrogen production wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129872. [PMID: 37839645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Dark fermentation biohydrogen production is a rapidly advancing and well-established field. However, the accumulation of volatile organic acid (VFAs) byproducts hinder its practical applications. Microalgae have demonstrated the ability to efficiently utilize VFAs while also treating waste gases and other nutrient elements. Integrating microalgae cultivation with dark fermentation is a promising approach. However, low VFAs tolerance and slow VFAs consumption restrict their application. To find suitable wastewater treatment microalgae, this work screened eight microalgae strains from five family. The results demonstrated that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibited significant advantages in VFAs utilization, achieving a maximum removal of 100% for acetate and 52.5% for butyrate. Among the tested microalgae strains, CW15 outperformed in terms of photobioreactor adaptability, VFAs utilization, biomass productivity, and nutrient removal, making it the most promising microalgae for practical applications. This research demonstrates the feasibility of integrating microalgae cultivation with dark fermentation and providing a viable technical solution for integrated-biorefining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Akang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeon MS, Han SI, Ahn JW, Jung JH, Choi JS, Choi YE. Endophyte Bacillus tequilensis improves the growth of microalgae Haematococcus lacustris by regulating host cell metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129546. [PMID: 37488011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study identified an endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus tequilensis, residing within the cells of the microalga Haematococcus lacustris through 16S rRNA analysis. To confirm the optimal interactive conditions between H. lacustris and B. tequilensis, the effects of different ratios of cells using H. lacustris of different growth stages were examined. Under optimized conditions, the cell density, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and astaxanthin content of H. lacustris increased significantly, and the fatty acid content improved 1.99-fold. Microscopy demonstrated the presence of bacteria within the H. lacustris cells. The interaction upregulated amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in H. lacustris. Interestingly, muramic and phenylacetic acids were found exclusively in H. lacustris cells in the presence of B. tequilensis. Furthermore, B. tequilensis delayed pigment degradation in H. lacustris. This study reveals the impact of the endosymbiont B. tequilensis on the metabolism of H. lacustris and offers new perspectives on the symbiotic relationship between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo Jeon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science, Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molina-Miras A, Abreu AC, López Rosales L, Cerón-García MC, Sánchez-Mirón A, Fernández I, García-Camacho F. A step forward in sustainable pesticide production from Amphidinium carterae biomass via photobioreactor cultivation with urea as a nitrogen source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129643. [PMID: 37562492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the problem of replacing nitrate and ammonium with urea as a greener nitrogen source in the mass cultivation of the microalga Amphidinium carterae for the development of amphidinol-based phytosanitary products. To solve this problem, a nuclear magnetic resonance assisted investigation evaluated the effect of nitrogen sources on growth and metabolic profiles in photobioreactors. Urea-fed cultures exhibited growth kinetics comparable to nitrate-fed cultures (µmax = 0.30 day-1, Pbmax = 43 mgL-1day-1). Urea-fed cultures had protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents of 39.5%, 14.5%, and 42.4%, respectively, while nitrate-fed cultures had 27.9 %, 17.5% and 48.1%, respectively. Metabolomics revealed nitrogen source-dependent metabotypes and a correlation between amphidinols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The amphidinol-to-nitrogen yield coefficient in urea-fed cultures (135 mg/g) was approximately 2.5 times higher than in nitrate-fed cultures. The potent antiphytopathogenic activity exhibited by extracts from urea-fed cultures underscores the potential of urea as a sustainable nitrogen source in microalgae-based biorefineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A C Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L López Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - I Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosa RM, Machado M, Vaz MGMV, Lopes-Santos R, Nascimento AGD, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Urea as a source of nitrogen and carbon leads to increased photosynthesis rates in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under mixotrophy. J Biotechnol 2023; 367:20-30. [PMID: 36966923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is a potential source of bioproducts, including feedstock to biofuels. Urea has been pointed as potential N source for microalgae growth. Considering that urea metabolism releases HCO3- to the medium, we tested the hypothesis that this carbon source could improve photosynthesis and consequently growth rates of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this sense, the metabolic responses of C. reinhardtii grown with ammonium and urea as nitrogen sources under mixotrophic and autotrophic conditions were investigated. Overall, the mixotrophy led to increased cell growth as well as to a higher accumulation of lipids independent of N source, followed by a decrease in photosynthesis over the growth phases. In mixotrophy, urea stimulates growth in terms of cell number and dry weight. Furthermore, higher photosynthesis was verified in late logarithmic phase compared to ammonium. Under autotrophy conditions, although cell number and biomass were reduced, there was higher production of starch independent of N source. Nonetheless, urea-based autotrophic treatments stimulated biomass production compared to ammonium-based treatment. Under mixotrophy higher input of carbon into the cell from acetate and urea optimized photosynthesis and consequently promoted cell growth. Together, these results suggest urea as alternative source of carbon, improving photosynthesis and cell growth in C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehta AK, Chakraborty S. Multiscale modelling of mixotrophic algal growth in pilot-scale photobioreactors and its application to microalgal cultivation using wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113952. [PMID: 35934141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This multiscale model quantifies transport and reaction processes in mixotrophic microalgal growth at three characteristic length scales, namely, macro (photobioreactor), meso (algal cell), micro (organelles). The macro and the meso scale equations capture the temporal dynamics of the transport of CO2, O2, H+, organic carbon and nitrogen sources in the photobioreactor and the cell, respectively, while the micro scale quantifies the reaction rates of CO2 fixation and photorespiration in the chloroplast, and mitochondrial respiration. Our model is validated using our experiments (R2 = 0.96-0.99) on urea, CO2 (0.04-5%), and acetic acid-mediated mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana for 138 h using municipal wastewater (with and without media) at 11,000 lx light in 25-liter pilot-scale bubble-column photobioreactors, which produces 0.47-2.74 g/L biomass with 22.8-29.6% lipids, while reducing the COD, ammonium, phosphate, nickel, and H+ concentrations by 65-89%. The alga assimilates the ammonium and the phosphates present in wastewater into amino acids and ATP, respectively. Our simulations quantify the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of mixotrophic biomass yield to find the optimal inlet CO2 concentration (of 3%) that synergizes autotrophic CO2 sequestration with heterotrophic assimilation of organic carbon, thereby maximizing both autotrophic and heterotrophic growths. Super-optimal levels of inlet CO2 acidify the stroma of the chloroplast, inhibit RuBisCo's enzymatic activity for CO2 fixation in the Calvin Cycle, decelerate carrier-mediated uptake of acetate, and reduce biomass yields. Our harvesting process drastically reduces the algal harvesting time to less than 29 min. This multiscale reaction-transport model provides a useful tool for further scaling up this pilot-scale technology that synergistically integrates CO2 sequestration and wastewater treatment with rapid microalgal cultivation (using municipal wastewater without autoclaving) and cost-effective harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Mehta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Biological Systems Engineering, Plaksha University, Mohali, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Machado M, Vaz MGMV, Bromke MA, Rosa RM, Covell L, Souza LPD, Rocha DI, Martins MA, Araújo WL, Szymański J, Nunes-Nesi A. Metabolic stability of freshwater Nitzschia palea strains under silicon stress associated with triacylglycerol accumulation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Madadi R, Maljaee H, Serafim LS, Ventura SPM. Microalgae as Contributors to Produce Biopolymers. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080466. [PMID: 34436305 PMCID: PMC8398342 DOI: 10.3390/md19080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are very favorable materials produced by living organisms, with interesting properties such as biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. Biopolymers have been recently considered to compete with fossil-based polymeric materials, which rase several environmental concerns. Biobased plastics are receiving growing interest for many applications including electronics, medical devices, food packaging, and energy. Biopolymers can be produced from biological sources such as plants, animals, agricultural wastes, and microbes. Studies suggest that microalgae and cyanobacteria are two of the promising sources of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose, carbohydrates (particularly starch), and proteins, as the major components of microalgae (and of certain cyanobacteria) for producing bioplastics. This review aims to summarize the potential of microalgal PHAs, polysaccharides, and proteins for bioplastic production. The findings of this review give insight into current knowledge and future direction in microalgal-based bioplastic production considering a circular economy approach. The current review is divided into three main topics, namely (i) the analysis of the main types and properties of bioplastic monomers, blends, and composites; (ii) the cultivation process to optimize the microalgae growth and accumulation of important biobased compounds to produce bioplastics; and (iii) a critical analysis of the future perspectives on the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Madadi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran;
| | - Hamid Maljaee
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Luísa S. Serafim
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.); (L.S.S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.); (L.S.S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Simultaneous accumulation of lipid and carotenoid in freshwater green microalgae Desmodesmus subspicatus LC172266 by nutrient replete strategy under mixotrophic condition. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
Amorim ML, Soares J, Coimbra JSDR, Leite MDO, Albino LFT, Martins MA. Microalgae proteins: production, separation, isolation, quantification, and application in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1976-2002. [PMID: 32462889 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1768046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many countries have been experienced an increase in protein consumption due to the population growth and adoption of protein-rich dietaries. Unfortunately, conventional-based protein agroindustry is associated with environmental impacts that might aggravate as the humankind increase. Thus, it is important to screen for novel protein sources that are environmentally friendly. Microalgae farming is a promising alternative to couple the anthropic emissions with the production of food and feed. Some microalgae show protein contents two times higher than conventional protein sources. The use of whole microalgae biomass as a protein source in food and feed is simple and well-established. Conversely, the production of microalgae protein supplements and isolates requires the development of feasible and robust processes able to fractionate the microalgae biomass in different value-added products. Since most of the proteins are inside the microalgae cells, several techniques of disruption have been proposed to increase the efficiency to extract them. After the disruption of the microalgae cells, the proteins can be extracted, concentrated, isolated or purified allowing the development of different products. This critical review addresses the current state of the production of microalgae proteins for multifarious applications, and possibilities to concatenate the production of proteins and advanced biofuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Amorim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Soares
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcio Arêdes Martins
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|