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Hua C, Chen Y, Sun Z, Shi Z, Song Q, Shen L, Lu W, Wang Z, Zang J. Associations of serum arginine acid with sarcopenia in Chinese eldely women. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:63. [PMID: 39118134 PMCID: PMC11308234 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in worldwide with accelerated aging process. The high dietary protein intakes are associated with improved muscle mass and strength especially in Asian countries. However, there are few researches on amino acid levels or mechanism exploration. We conducted a case-control study to explore the amino acid metabolic characteristics and potential mechanism of elderly women with sarcopenia using targeted amino acid metabolomics approach combined with an analysis of dietary intake. METHODS For our case-control study, we recruited women (65-75 y) from a Shanghai community with 50 patients with sarcopenia and 50 healthy controls. The consensus updated by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in 2019 was used to screening for sarcopenia and control groups. We collected fasting blood samples and evaluated dietary intake. We used the amino acid-targeted metabolomics by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to identify metabolic differentials between the case and control groups and significantly enriched metabolic pathways. RESULTS The case (sarcopenia) group had a lower intake of energy, protein, and high-quality protein (P < 0.05) compared to the control (healthy) group. We identified four differential amino acids: arginine (P < 0.001) and cystine (P = 0.003) were lower, and taurine (P = 0.001) were higher in the case group. CONCLUSION Low levels of arginine in elderly women are associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hua
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zehuan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Liping Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Assaf S, Park J, Chowdhry N, Ganapuram M, Mattathil S, Alakeel R, Kelly OJ. Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2024; 14:379. [PMID: 39057702 PMCID: PMC11279030 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the millennia, patterns of food consumption have changed; however, foods were always whole foods. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been a very recent development and have become the primary food source for many people. The purpose of this review is to propose the hypothesis that, forsaking the evolutionary dietary environment, and its complex milieu of compounds resulting in an extensive metabolome, contributes to chronic disease in modern humans. This evolutionary metabolome may have contributed to the success of early hominins. This hypothesis is based on the following assumptions: (1) whole foods promote health, (2) essential nutrients cannot explain all the benefits of whole foods, (3) UPFs are much lower in phytonutrients and other compounds compared to whole foods, and (4) evolutionary diets contributed to a more diverse metabolome. Evidence will be presented to support this hypothesis. Nutrition is a matter of systems biology, and investigating the evolutionary metabolome, as compared to the metabolome of modern humans, will help elucidate the hidden connections between diet and health. The effect of the diet on the metabolome may also help shape future dietary guidelines, and help define healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Owen J. Kelly
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (S.A.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (R.A.)
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Han P, Chen X, Liang Z, Liu Y, Yu X, Song P, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhu S, Shi X, Guo Q. Metabolic signatures and risk of sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older individuals by LC-MS-based untargeted metabonomics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1308841. [PMID: 38962681 PMCID: PMC11220188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1308841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Untargeted metabonomics has provided new insight into the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. In this study, we explored plasma metabolic signatures linked to a heightened risk of sarcopenia in a cohort study by LC-MS-based untargeted metabonomics. Methods In this nested case-control study from the Adult Physical Fitness and Health Cohort Study (APFHCS), we collected blood plasma samples from 30 new-onset sarcopenia subjects (mean age 73.2 ± 5.6 years) and 30 healthy controls (mean age 74.2 ± 4.6 years) matched by age, sex, BMI, lifestyle, and comorbidities. An untargeted metabolomics methodology was employed to discern the metabolomic profile alterations present in individuals exhibiting newly diagnosed sarcopenia. Results In comparing individuals with new-onset sarcopenia to normal controls, a comprehensive analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified a total of 62 metabolites, predominantly comprising lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acids, and derivatives. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the three metabolites hypoxanthine (AUC=0.819, 95% CI=0.711-0.927), L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid (AUC=0.733, 95% CI=0.598-0.868) and PC(14:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)) (AUC= 0.717, 95% CI=0.587-0.846) had the highest areas under the curve. Then, these significant metabolites were observed to be notably enriched in four distinct metabolic pathways, namely, "purine metabolism"; "parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action"; "choline metabolism in cancer"; and "tuberculosis". Conclusion The current investigation elucidates the metabolic perturbations observed in individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia. The identified metabolites hold promise as potential biomarkers, offering avenues for exploring the underlying pathological mechanisms associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwen Liang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Song
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjiao Zhao
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Cui P, Li X, Huang C, Lin D. Metabolomics-driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:781-793. [PMID: 38644205 PMCID: PMC11154780 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and body weight loss, posing a significant burden on the health and survival of cancer patients. Despite ongoing efforts, effective treatments for CC are still lacking. Metabolomics, an advanced omics technique, offers a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites involved in cellular metabolism. In CC research, metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying diagnostic biomarkers, unravelling molecular mechanisms and discovering potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented to retrieve relevant articles from primary databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, for CC and metabolomics. Recent advancements in metabolomics have deepened our understanding of CC by uncovering key metabolic signatures and elucidating underlying mechanisms. By targeting crucial metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, steroid metabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism, it becomes possible to restore metabolic balance and alleviate CC symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of metabolomics studies in CC, focusing on the discovery of potential therapeutic targets and the evaluation of modulating specific metabolic pathways for CC treatment. By harnessing the insights derived from metabolomics, novel interventions for CC can be developed, leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- College of Food and PharmacyXuchang UniversityXuchangChina
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Xuchang Central HospitalXuchangChina
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and HealthXiamen University of TechnologyXiamenChina
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Chen Y, Wu J. Aging-Related Sarcopenia: Metabolic Characteristics and Therapeutic Strategies. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0407. [PMID: 38739945 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The proportion of the elderly population is gradually increasing as a result of medical care advances, leading to a subsequent surge in geriatric diseases that significantly impact quality of life and pose a substantial healthcare burden. Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and quality, affects a considerable portion of older adults, particularly the elderly, and can result in adverse outcomes such as frailty, fractures, bedridden, hospitalization, and even mortality. Skeletal muscle aging is accompanied by underlying metabolic changes. Therefore, elucidating these metabolic profiles and specific mechanisms holds promise for informing prevention and treatment strategies for sarcopenia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key metabolites identified in current clinical studies on sarcopenia and their potential pathophysiological alterations in metabolic activity. Besides, we examine potential therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia from a perspective focused on metabolic regulation.
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Han P, Yuan C, Chen X, Hu Y, Hu X, Xu Z, Guo Q. Metabolic signatures and potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older Chinese: based on untargeted GC-MS and LC-MS. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38454497 PMCID: PMC10921582 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted metabolomics can be used to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. However, the metabolic signatures of sarcopenia patients have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with sarcopenia by untargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and identified possible diagnostic markers. METHODS Forty-eight elderly subjects with sarcopenia were age and sex matched with 48 elderly subjects without sarcopenia. We first used untargeted GC/LC-MS to analyze the plasma of these participants and then combined it with a large number of multivariate statistical analyses to analyze the data. Finally, based on a multidimensional analysis of the metabolites, the most critical metabolites were considered to be biomarkers of sarcopenia. RESULTS According to variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) and the p-value of t-test (p < 0.05), a total of 55 metabolites by GC-MS and 85 metabolites by LC-MS were identified between sarcopenia subjects and normal controls, and these were mostly lipids and lipid-like molecules. Among the top 20 metabolites, seven phosphatidylcholines, seven lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, palmitamide, L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid were downregulated in the sarcopenia group; only ethylamine was upregulated. Among that, three metabolites of LysoPC(17:0), L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid showed very good prediction capacity with AUCs of 0.887 (95% CI = 0.817-0.957), 0.836 (95% CI = 0.751-0.921), and 0.805 (95% CI = 0.717-0.893), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that metabonomic analysis has great potential to be applied to sarcopenia. The identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and could be used to study sarcopenia pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Comprehensive Surgical Rehabilitation Ward, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuanqing Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhangtao Xu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Mohd Sahardi NFN, Jaafar F, Tan JK, Mad Nordin MF, Makpol S. Elucidating the Pharmacological Properties of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) on Muscle Ageing by Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Human Myoblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:4520. [PMID: 37960173 PMCID: PMC10648528 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Muscle loss is associated with frailty and a reduction in physical strength and performance, which is caused by increased oxidative stress. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a potential herb that can be used to reduce the level of oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger on the expression of metabolites and their metabolic pathways in the myoblast cells to elucidate the mechanism involved and its pharmacological properties in promoting myoblast differentiation. (2) Methods: The myoblast cells were cultured into three stages (young, pre-senescent and senescent). At each stage, the myoblasts were treated with different concentrations of ginger extract. Then, metabolomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). (3) Results: Nine metabolites were decreased in both the pre-senescent and senescent control groups as compared to the young control group. For the young ginger-treated group, 8-shogaol and valine were upregulated, whereas adipic acid and bis (4-ethyl benzylidene) sorbitol were decreased. In the pre-senescent ginger-treated group, the niacinamide was upregulated, while carnitine and creatine were downregulated. Ginger treatment in the senescent group caused a significant upregulation in 8-shogaol, octadecanamide and uracil. (4) Conclusions: Ginger extract has the potential as a pharmacological agent to reduce muscle loss in skeletal muscle by triggering changes in some metabolites and their pathways that could promote muscle regeneration in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Nabilah Mohd Sahardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Jaafar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Wang JJ, Zhang WW, Guan ZJ, Thakur K, Hu F, Rizwan Khan M, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Exploring the effects of the fermentation method on the quality of Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum cyrtonema compound wine based on LC-MS metabolomics. Food Chem 2023; 428:136770. [PMID: 37421664 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of fermentation methods on the quality of Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum cyrtonema compound wine (LPW) by combining non-targeted metabolomic approaches with chemometrics and path profiling to determine the chemical and metabolic properties of LPW. The results demonstrated that SRA had higher leaching rates of total phenols and flavonoids, reaching 4.20 ± 0.10 v/v ethanol concentration. According to LC-MS non-targeting genomics, the metabolic profiles of LPW prepared by different mixtures of fermentation methods (Saccharomyces cerevisiae RW; Debaryomyces hansenii AS2.45) of yeast differed significantly. Amino acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonols, etc., were identified as the differential metabolites between different comparison groups. The pathways of tyrosine metabolism, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, and metabolism of 2-oxocarboxylic acids enriched 17 distinct metabolites. SRA stimulated the production of tyrosine and imparted a distinctive saucy aroma to the wine samples, providing a novel research concept for the microbial fermentation-based production of tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wang-Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zi-Jing Guan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Zhan Q, Thakur K, Feng JY, Zhu YY, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. LC-MS based metabolomics analysis of okara fermented by Bacillus subtilis DC-15: Insights into nutritional and functional profile. Food Chem 2023; 413:135656. [PMID: 36780856 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies emphasize the improved nutritional and functional status of fermented okara; however, little is known about the metabolite change during fermentation and how it alters metabolic pathways. A metabolomics approach based on untargeted LC-MS reveals metabolic changes in okara fermented by Bacillus subtilis DC-15. We identified 761 differential metabolites, with the highest abundances found in amino acids, dipeptides, fatty acids, small molecule sugars, and vitamins. Moreover, these identified metabolites were mapped to their respective biosynthesis pathways in order to gain a better understanding of the biochemical reactions triggered by fermentation. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, 485 metabolites were enriched to metabolism-related pathways. They include 37 carbohydrate metabolites, 79 amino acid metabolites, and 22 lipid metabolites. As a result of okara fermentation, we observed a gradual enrichment of metabolites and stabilization of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Yu Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Yang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Kim YA, Lee SH, Koh JM, Kwon SH, Lee Y, Cho HJ, Kim H, Kim SJ, Lee JH, Yoo HJ, Seo JH. Fatty acid amides as potential circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37127296 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function with age. Given that sarcopenia is associated with various metabolic disorders, effective metabolic biomarkers for its early detection are required. We aimed to investigate the metabolic biomarkers related to sarcopenia in elderly men and perform experimental studies using metabolomics. METHODS Plasma metabolites from 142 elderly men, comprising a sarcopenia group and an age-matched control group, were measured using global metabolome profiling. Muscle and plasma samples from an aging mouse model of sarcopenia, as well as cell media and cell lysates during myoblast differentiation, were analysed based on targeted metabolome profiling. Based on these experimental results, fatty acid amides were quantified from human plasma as well as human muscle tissues. The association of fatty acid amide levels with sarcopenia parameters was evaluated. RESULTS Global metabolome profiling showed that fatty acid amide levels were significantly different in the plasma of elderly men with sarcopenia (all Ps < 0.01). Consistent with these results in human plasma, targeted metabolome profiling in an aging mouse model of sarcopenia showed decreased levels of fatty acid amides in plasma but not in muscle tissue. In addition, the levels of fatty acid amides increased in cell lysates during muscle cell differentiation. Targeted metabolome profiling in men showed decreased docosahexaenoic acid ethanolamide (DHA EA) levels in the plasma (P = 0.016) but not in the muscle of men with sarcopenia. DHA EA level was positively correlated with sarcopenia parameters such as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL for sarcopenia was 0.618 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.532-0.698). DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.03-4.30), independent of HGS. The addition of DHA EA level to age and HGS significantly improved the AUC from 0.620 to 0.691 (P = 0.0497). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that fatty acid amides are potential circulating biomarkers in elderly men with sarcopenia. DHA EA, in particular, strongly related to muscle mass and strength, can be a key metabolite to become a reliable metabolic biomarker for sarcopenia. Further research on fatty acid amides will provide insights into the metabolomic changes relevant to sarcopenia from an aging perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye An Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kwon
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Jin Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Integrating Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Coupled with Pathway Analysis Reveals Muscle Disorder in Osteoporosis on Orchiectomized Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062512. [PMID: 36985483 PMCID: PMC10051496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most osteoporosis (OP) fracture accidents in men are due not only to a low BMD but also because of unhealthy muscle support. However, there has been a limited number of reports about how muscle metabolism is disturbed by OP in males. In this work, a pathway analysis based on metabolomic research was carried out to fill this gap. A classical orchiectomy procedure was adapted to create an OP animal model. A micro-CT and pathological section were applied for a bone and muscle phenotype assessment and a pathology analysis. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS were applied to measure metabolites in skeletal muscle samples among groups. In total, 31 significantly differential metabolites were detected by comparing healthy models and OP animals, and 7 representative metabolites among the 31 significantly differential metabolites were identified and validated experimentally by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS (xanthine, L-phenylalanine, choline, hypoxanthine, L-tryptophan, succinic acid, and L-tyrosine). An ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and necrosis. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate early muscle disorder processes in Cases of OP at a metabolic level, facilitating early intervention and protection from OP fractures for aged men.
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Lynch DH, Spangler HB, Franz JR, Krupenevich RL, Kim H, Nissman D, Zhang J, Li YY, Sumner S, Batsis JA. Multimodal Diagnostic Approaches to Advance Precision Medicine in Sarcopenia and Frailty. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071384. [PMID: 35405997 PMCID: PMC9003228 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function with aging, is a geriatric syndrome with important implications for patients and healthcare systems. Sarcopenia increases the risk of clinical decompensation when faced with physiological stressors and increases vulnerability, termed frailty. Sarcopenia develops due to inflammatory, hormonal, and myocellular changes in response to physiological and pathological aging, which promote progressive gains in fat mass and loss of lean mass and muscle strength. Progression of these pathophysiological changes can lead to sarcopenic obesity and physical frailty. These syndromes independently increase the risk of adverse patient outcomes including hospitalizations, long-term care placement, mortality, and decreased quality of life. This risk increases substantially when these syndromes co-exist. While there is evidence suggesting that the progression of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and frailty can be slowed or reversed, the adoption of broad-based screening or interventions has been slow to implement. Factors contributing to slow implementation include the lack of cost-effective, timely bedside diagnostics and interventions that target fundamental biological processes. This paper describes how clinical, radiographic, and biological data can be used to evaluate older adults with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and to further the understanding of the mechanisms leading to declines in physical function and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +919-966-5945; Fax: +919-962-9795
| | - Hillary B. Spangler
- Division of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Jason R. Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.F.); (R.L.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Rebecca L. Krupenevich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.F.); (R.L.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.F.); (R.L.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Daniel Nissman
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.N.); (J.Z.)
| | - Janet Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.N.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.-Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.-Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.-Y.L.); (S.S.)
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Martínez-Velilla N, Correa-Rodríguez M, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Palomino-Echeverria S, García-Hermoso A, Izquierdo M. Lipidomic signatures from physically frail and robust older adults at hospital admission. GeroScience 2022; 44:1677-1688. [PMID: 35119615 PMCID: PMC9213630 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying serum biomarkers that can predict physical frailty in older adults would have tremendous clinical value for primary care, as this condition is inherently related to poor quality of life and premature mortality. We compared the serum lipid profile of physically frail and robust older adults to identify specific lipid biomarkers that could be used to assess physical frailty in older patients at hospital admission. Forty-three older adults (58.1% male), mean (range) age 86.4 (78–100 years) years, were classified as physically frail (n = 18) or robust (n = 25) based on scores from the Short Physical Performance Battery (≤ 6 points). Non-targeted metabolomic study by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis with later bioinformatics data analysis. Once the significantly different metabolites were identified, the KEGG database was used on them to establish which were the metabolic pathways mainly involved. Area under receiver-operating curve (AUROC) analysis was used to test the discriminatory ability of lipid biomarkers for frailty based on the Short Physical Performance Battery. We identified a panel of five metabolites including ceramides Cer (40:2), Cer (d18:1/20:0), Cer (d18:1/23:0), cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (14:0/20:4) that were significantly increased in physically frail older adults compared with robust older adults at hospital admission. The most interesting in the physically frail metabolome study found with the KEGG database were the metabolic pathways, vitamin digestion and absorption, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and insulin resistance. In addition, Cer (40:2) (AUROC 0.747), Cer (d18:1/23:0) (AUROC 0.720), and cholesterol (AUROC 0.784) were identified as higher values of physically frail at hospital admission. The non-targeted metabolomic study can open a wide view of the physically frail features changes at the plasma level, which would be linked to the physical frailty phenotype at hospital admission. Also, we propose that metabolome analysis will have a suitable niche in personalized medicine for physically frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverria
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ciencias de La Actividad Física, El Deporte Y La Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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