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Arias-Valcayo F, Galve P, Herraiz JL, Vaquero JJ, Desco M, Udías JM. Reconstruction of multi-animal PET acquisitions with anisotropically variant PSF. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065018. [PMID: 37703847 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acf936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Among other factors such as random, attenuation and scatter corrections, uniform spatial resolution is key to performing accurate quantitative studies in Positron emission tomography (PET). Particularly in preclinical PET studies involving simultaneous acquisition of multiple animals, the degradation of image resolution due to the depth of interaction (DOI) effect far from the center of the Field of View (FOV) becomes a significant concern. In this work, we incorporated a spatially-variant resolution model into a real time iterative reconstruction code to obtain accurate images of multi-animal acquisition. We estimated the spatially variant point spread function (SV-PSF) across the FOV using measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The SV-PSF obtained was implemented in a GPU-based Ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction code, which includes scatter, attenuation and random corrections. The method was evaluated with acquisitions from two preclinical PET/CT scanners of the SEDECAL Argus family: a Derenzo phantom placed 2 cm off center in the 4R-SuperArgus, and a multi-animal study with 4 mice in the 6R-SuperArgus. The SV-PSF reconstructions showed uniform spatial resolution without significant increase in reconstruction time, with superior image quality compared to the uniform PSF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arias-Valcayo
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Galve
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
- Universite Paris Cite, PARCC, INSERM 56, rue Leblanc Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Joaquín L Herraiz
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Vaquero
- Departmento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Maranón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Desco
- Departmento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Maranón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Udías
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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Kumar M, Salem K, Jeffery JJ, Fowler AM. PET Imaging of Estrogen Receptors Using 18F-Based Radioligands. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2418:129-151. [PMID: 35119664 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1920-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) can be performed via positron emission tomography (PET) using ER-specific radioligands, such as 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (18F-FES). 18F-FES is a radiopharmaceutical recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use with PET imaging to detect ER+ lesions in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer as an adjunct to biopsy. 18F-FES PET imaging has been used in clinical studies and preclinical research to assess whole-body ER protein expression and ligand binding function across multiple metastatic sites, to demonstrate inter-tumoral and temporal heterogeneity of ER expression, to quantify the pharmacodynamic effects of ER antagonist treatment, and to predict endocrine therapy response. 18F-FES PET has also been studied for imaging ER in endometrial and ovarian cancer. This chapter details the experimental protocol for 18F-FES PET imaging of ER in preclinical tumor xenograft models. Consistent adherence to key methodologic details will facilitate obtaining meaningful and reproducible 18F-FES PET preclinical imaging results, which could yield additional insight for clinical trials regarding imaging biomarkers and oncologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kelley Salem
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Amy M Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Development of a new advanced animal cradle for small animal multiple imaging modalities: acquisition and evaluation of high-throughput multiple-mouse imaging. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:1367-1376. [PMID: 34724162 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The physiological conditions of small animals are an essential component to be considered when acquiring images for pre-clinical studies, and they play a vital role in the overall results of a study. However, several previous studies did not consider these conditions. In this study, a new animal cradle that can be modified and adjusted to suit multiple imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was developed. Unlike previous cradles where only one mouse can be imaged at a time, a total of four mice can be imaged simultaneously using this new cradle. Additionally, fusion images with high-throughput multiple-mouse imaging (MMI) of PET/MRI and PET/CT images can be acquired using this newly developed cradle. The dynamic brain images were also acquired simultaneously by applying PET dynamic imaging technology to high-throughput MMI methods. The results of this study suggest that the newly developed small animal cradle can be widely used in pre-clinical studies.
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Xie T, Zaidi H. Development of computational small animal models and their applications in preclinical imaging and therapy research. Med Phys 2016; 43:111. [PMID: 26745904 DOI: 10.1118/1.4937598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multimodality preclinical imaging techniques and the rapid growth of realistic computer simulation tools have promoted the construction and application of computational laboratory animal models in preclinical research. Since the early 1990s, over 120 realistic computational animal models have been reported in the literature and used as surrogates to characterize the anatomy of actual animals for the simulation of preclinical studies involving the use of bioluminescence tomography, fluorescence molecular tomography, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical imaging. Other applications include electromagnetic field simulation, ionizing and nonionizing radiation dosimetry, and the development and evaluation of new methodologies for multimodality image coregistration, segmentation, and reconstruction of small animal images. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the history and fundamental technologies used for the development of computational small animal models with a particular focus on their application in preclinical imaging as well as nonionizing and ionizing radiation dosimetry calculations. An overview of the overall process involved in the design of these models, including the fundamental elements used for the construction of different types of computational models, the identification of original anatomical data, the simulation tools used for solving various computational problems, and the applications of computational animal models in preclinical research. The authors also analyze the characteristics of categories of computational models (stylized, voxel-based, and boundary representation) and discuss the technical challenges faced at the present time as well as research needs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwu Xie
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva University, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
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Vanhove C, Bankstahl JP, Krämer SD, Visser E, Belcari N, Vandenberghe S. Accurate molecular imaging of small animals taking into account animal models, handling, anaesthesia, quality control and imaging system performance. EJNMMI Phys 2015; 2:31. [PMID: 26560138 PMCID: PMC4642455 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-015-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-animal imaging has become an important technique for the development of new radiotracers, drugs and therapies. Many laboratories have now a combination of different small-animal imaging systems, which are being used by biologists, pharmacists, medical doctors and physicists. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the important factors in the design of a small animal, nuclear medicine and imaging experiment. Different experts summarize one specific aspect important for a good design of a small-animal experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT-IBiTech, De Pintelaan 185 block B, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences/Biopharmacy, ETH Zurich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Visser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Belcari
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa and INFN sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefaan Vandenberghe
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT-IBiTech, De Pintelaan 185 block B, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Weissler B, Gebhardt P, Dueppenbecker PM, Wehner J, Schug D, Lerche CW, Goldschmidt B, Salomon A, Verel I, Heijman E, Perkuhn M, Heberling D, Botnar RM, Kiessling F, Schulz V. A Digital Preclinical PET/MRI Insert and Initial Results. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:2258-2270. [PMID: 25935031 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2427993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Combining Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) results in a promising hybrid molecular imaging modality as it unifies the high sensitivity of PET for molecular and cellular processes with the functional and anatomical information from MRI. Digital Silicon Photomultipliers (dSiPMs) are the digital evolution in scintillation light detector technology and promise high PET SNR. DSiPMs from Philips Digital Photon Counting (PDPC) were used to develop a preclinical PET/RF gantry with 1-mm scintillation crystal pitch as an insert for clinical MRI scanners. With three exchangeable RF coils, the hybrid field of view has a maximum size of 160 mm × 96.6 mm (transaxial × axial). 0.1 ppm volume-root-mean-square B 0-homogeneity is kept within a spherical diameter of 96 mm (automatic volume shimming). Depending on the coil, MRI SNR is decreased by 13% or 5% by the PET system. PET count rates, energy resolution of 12.6% FWHM, and spatial resolution of 0.73 mm (3) (isometric volume resolution at isocenter) are not affected by applied MRI sequences. PET time resolution of 565 ps (FWHM) degraded by 6 ps during an EPI sequence. Timing-optimized settings yielded 260 ps time resolution. PET and MR images of a hot-rod phantom show no visible differences when the other modality was in operation and both resolve 0.8-mm rods. Versatility of the insert is shown by successfully combining multi-nuclei MRI ((1)H/(19)F) with simultaneously measured PET ((18)F-FDG). A longitudinal study of a tumor-bearing mouse verifies the operability, stability, and in vivo capabilities of the system. Cardiac- and respiratory-gated PET/MRI motion-capturing (CINE) images of the mouse heart demonstrate the advantage of simultaneous acquisition for temporal and spatial image registration.
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NEMA NU 4-Optimized Reconstructions for Therapy Assessment in Cancer Research with the Inveon Small Animal PET/CT System. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 17:403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seidel J, Bernardo ML, Wong KJ, Xu B, Williams MR, Kuo F, Jagoda EM, Basuli F, Li C, Griffiths GL, Green MV, Choyke PL. Simultaneous ECG-gated PET imaging of multiple mice. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:582-6. [PMID: 24909865 PMCID: PMC4104247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe and illustrate a method for creating ECG-gated PET images of the heart for each of several mice imaged at the same time. The method is intended to increase "throughput" in PET research studies of cardiac dynamics or to obtain information derived from such studies, e.g. tracer concentration in end-diastolic left ventricular blood. METHODS An imaging bed with provisions for warming, anesthetic delivery, etc., was fabricated by 3D printing to allow simultaneous PET imaging of two side-by-side mice. After electrode attachment, tracer injection and placement of the animals in the scanner field of view, ECG signals from each animal were continuously analyzed and independent trigger markers generated whenever an R-wave was detected in each signal. PET image data were acquired in "list" mode and these trigger markers were inserted into this list along with the image data. Since each mouse is in a different spatial location in the FOV, sorting of these data using trigger markers first from one animal and then the other yields two independent and correctly formed ECG-gated image sequences that reflect the dynamical properties of the heart during an "average" cardiac cycle. RESULTS The described method yields two independent ECG-gated image sequences that exhibit the expected properties in each animal, e.g. variation of the ventricular cavity volumes from maximum to minimum and back during the cardiac cycle in the processed animal with little or no variation in these volumes during the cardiac cycle in the unprocessed animal. CONCLUSION ECG-gated image sequences for each of several animals can be created from a single list mode data collection using the described method. In principle, this method can be extended to more than two mice (or other animals) and to other forms of physiological gating, e.g. respiratory gating, when several subjects are imaged at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Seidel
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Contractor to Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Marcelino L Bernardo
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Karen J Wong
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Biying Xu
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Kelly Services Inc., Troy, MI, USA
| | - Mark R Williams
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Frank Kuo
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Kelly Services Inc., Troy, MI, USA
| | - Changhui Li
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Kelly Services Inc., Troy, MI, USA
| | - Gary L Griffiths
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.) Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael V Green
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Contractor to Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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