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Gaebel R, Lang C, Vasudevan P, Lührs L, de Carvalho KAT, Abdelwahid E, David R. New Approaches in Heart Research: Prevention Instead of Cardiomyoplasty? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109017. [PMID: 37240361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in industrialized nations. Due to the high number of patients and expensive treatments, according to the Federal Statistical Office (2017) in Germany, cardiovascular diseases account for around 15% of total health costs. Advanced coronary artery disease is mainly the result of chronic disorders such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In the modern obesogenic environment, many people are at greater risk of being overweight or obese. The hemodynamic load on the heart is influenced by extreme obesity, which often leads to myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. In addition, obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state and negatively affects the wound-healing process. It has been known for many years that lifestyle interventions such as exercise, healthy nutrition, and smoking cessation drastically reduce cardiovascular risk and have a preventive effect against disorders in the healing process. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms, and there is significantly less high-quality evidence compared to pharmacological intervention studies. Due to the immense potential of prevention in heart research, the cardiologic societies are calling for research work to be intensified, from basic understanding to clinical application. The topicality and high relevance of this research area are also evident from the fact that in March 2018, a one-week conference on this topic with contributions from top international scientists took place as part of the renowned "Keystone Symposia" ("New Insights into the Biology of Exercise"). Consistent with the link between obesity, exercise, and cardiovascular disease, this review attempts to draw lessons from stem-cell transplantation and preventive exercise. The application of state-of-the-art techniques for transcriptome analysis has opened new avenues for tailoring targeted interventions to very individual risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Gaebel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Cajetan Lang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Larissa Lührs
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pelé Pequeno Prίncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Prίncipe Faculties, Ave. Silva Jardim, P.O. Box 80240-020, Curitiba 1632, Brazil
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pelé Pequeno Prίncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Prίncipe Faculties, Ave. Silva Jardim, P.O. Box 80240-020, Curitiba 1632, Brazil
| | - Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Kemler I, Karamched B, Neuhauser C, Dingli D. Quantitative imaging and dynamics of tumor therapy with viruses. FEBS J 2021; 288:6273-6285. [PMID: 34213827 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy remains challenging due to the myriad presentations of the disease and the vast genetic diversity of tumors that continuously evolve and often become resistant to therapy. Viruses can be engineered to specifically infect, replicate, and kill tumor cells (tumor virotherapy). Moreover, the viruses can be "armed" with therapeutic genes to enhance their oncolytic effect. Using viruses to treat cancer is exciting and novel and in principle can be used for a broad variety of tumors. However, the approach is distinctly different from other cancer therapies since success depends on establishment of an infection within the tumor and ongoing propagation of the oncolytic virus within the tumor itself. Therefore, the target itself amplifies the therapy. This introduces complex dynamics especially when the immune system is taken into consideration as well as the physical and other biological barriers to virus growth. Understanding these dynamics not only requires mathematical and computational models but also approaches for the noninvasive monitoring of the virus and tumor populations. In this perspective, we discuss strategies and current results to achieve this important goal of understanding these dynamics in pursuit of optimization of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kemler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bhargav Karamched
- Department of Mathematics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - David Dingli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Miederer M, Pektor S, Miederer I, Bausbacher N, Keil IS, Hefesha H, Haas H, Sahin U, Diken M. Iodine-124 PET quantification of organ-specific delivery and expression of NIS-encoding RNA. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:14. [PMID: 33569663 PMCID: PMC7876195 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA-based vaccination strategies tailoring immune response to specific reactions have become an important pillar for a broad range of applications. Recently, the use of lipid-based nanoparticles opened the possibility to deliver RNA to specific sites within the body, overcoming the limitation of rapid degradation in the bloodstream. Here, we have investigated whether small animal PET/MRI can be employed to image the biodistribution of RNA-encoded protein.
For this purpose, a reporter RNA coding for the sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) was in vitro transcribed in cell lines and evaluated for expression. RNA-lipoplex nanoparticles were then assembled by complexing RNA with liposomes at different charge ratios, and functional NIS protein translation was imaged and quantified in vivo and ex vivo by Iodine-124 PET upon intravenous administration in mice. Results NIS expression was detected on the membrane of two cell lines as early as 6 h after transfection and gradually decreased over 48 h. In vivo and ex vivo PET/MRI of anionic spleen-targeting or cationic lung-targeting NIS-RNA lipoplexes revealed a visually detectable rapid increase of Iodine-124 uptake in the spleen or lung compared to control-RNA-lipoplexes, respectively, with minimal background in other organs except from thyroid, stomach and salivary gland. Conclusions The strong organ selectivity and high target-to-background acquisition of NIS-RNA lipoplexes indicate the feasibility of small animal PET/MRI to quantify organ-specific delivery of RNA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13550-021-00753-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabell Sofia Keil
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hossam Hefesha
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Haas
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany. .,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) SE, Mainz, Germany.
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Jacobs AH, Schelhaas S, Viel T, Waerzeggers Y, Winkeler A, Zinnhardt B, Gelovani J. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Chandy M, Wu JC. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Concilio SC, Suksanpaisan L, Pham L, Peng KW, Russell SJ. Improved Noninvasive In Vivo Tracking of AAV-9 Gene Therapy Using the Perchlorate-Resistant Sodium Iodide Symporter from Minke Whale. Mol Ther 2020; 29:236-243. [PMID: 33038323 PMCID: PMC7791078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is widely used as a reporter gene to noninvasively monitor the biodistribution and durability of vector-mediated gene expression via gamma scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron-emission tomography (PET). However, the approach is limited by background signal due to radiotracer uptake by endogenous NIS-expressing tissues. In this study, using the SPECT tracer pertechnetate (99mTcO4) and the PET tracer tetrafluoroborate (B18F4), in combination with the NIS inhibitor perchlorate, we compared the transport properties of human NIS and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni) NIS in vitro and in vivo. Based on its relative resistance to perchlorate, the NIS protein from minke whale appeared to be the superior candidate reporter gene. SPECT and PET imaging studies in nude mice challenged with NIS-encoding adeno-associated virus (AAV)-9 vectors confirmed that minke whale NIS, in contrast to human and endogenous mouse NIS, continues to function as a reliable reporter even when background radiotracer uptake by endogenous NIS is blocked by perchlorate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Concilio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Linh Pham
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Imanis Life Sciences, LLC, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Imanis Life Sciences, LLC, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
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Neyrinck K, Breuls N, Holvoet B, Oosterlinck W, Wolfs E, Vanbilloen H, Gheysens O, Duelen R, Gsell W, Lambrichts I, Himmelreich U, Verfaillie CM, Sampaolesi M, Deroose CM. The human somatostatin receptor type 2 as an imaging and suicide reporter gene for pluripotent stem cell-derived therapy of myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2799-2813. [PMID: 29774076 PMCID: PMC5957010 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are being investigated as a cell source for regenerative medicine since they provide an infinitive pool of cells that are able to differentiate towards every cell type of the body. One possible therapeutic application involves the use of these cells to treat myocardial infarction (MI), a condition where billions of cardiomyocytes (CMs) are lost. Although several protocols have been developed to differentiate PSCs towards CMs, none of these provide a completely pure population, thereby still posing a risk for neoplastic teratoma formation. Therefore, we developed a strategy to (i) monitor cell behavior noninvasively via site-specific integration of firefly luciferase (Fluc) and the human positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reporter genes, sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) and somatostatin receptor type 2 (hSSTr2), and (ii) perform hSSTr2-mediated suicide gene therapy via the clinically used radiopharmacon 177Lu-DOTATATE. Methods: Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were gene-edited via zinc finger nucleases to express Fluc and either hNIS or hSSTr2 in the safe harbor locus, adeno-associated virus integration site 1. Firstly, these cells were exposed to 4.8 MBq 177Lu-DOTATATE in vitro and cell survival was monitored via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Afterwards, hNIS+ and hSSTr2+ ESCs were transplanted subcutaneously and teratomas were allowed to form. At day 59, baseline 124I and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET and BLI scans were performed. The day after, animals received either saline or 55 MBq 177Lu-DOTATATE. Weekly BLI scans were performed, accompanied by 124I and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans at days 87 and 88, respectively. Finally, hSSTr2+ ESCs were differentiated towards CMs and transplanted intramyocardially in the border zone of an infarct that was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After transplantation, the animals were monitored via BLI and PET, while global cardiac function was evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Teratoma growth of both hNIS+ and hSSTr2+ ESCs could be followed noninvasively over time by both PET and BLI. After 177Lu-DOTATATE administration, successful cell killing of the hSSTr2+ ESCs was achieved both in vitro and in vivo, indicated by reductions in total tracer lesion uptake, BLI signal and teratoma volume. As undifferentiated hSSTr2+ ESCs are not therapeutically relevant, they were differentiated towards CMs and injected in immune-deficient mice with a MI. Long-term cell survival could be monitored without uncontrolled cell proliferation. However, no improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction was observed. Conclusion: We developed isogenic hSSTr2-expressing ESCs that allow noninvasive cell monitoring in the context of PSC-derived regenerative therapy. Furthermore, we are the first to use the hSSTr2 not only as an imaging reporter gene, but also as a suicide mechanism for radionuclide therapy in the setting of PSC-derived cell treatment.
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Li X, Hacker M. Molecular imaging in stem cell-based therapies of cardiac diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:71-88. [PMID: 28734900 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past 15years, despite that regenerative medicine has shown great potential for cardiovascular diseases, the outcome and safety of stem cell transplantation has shown controversial results in the published literature. Medical imaging might be useful for monitoring and quantifying transplanted cells within the heart and to serially characterize the effects of stem cell therapy of the myocardium. From the multiple available noninvasive imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear imaging by positron (PET) or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) are the most used clinical approaches to follow the fate of transplanted stem cells in vivo. In this article, we provide a review on the role of different noninvasive imaging modalities and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We focus on the different in-vivo labeling and reporter gene imaging strategies for stem cell tracking as well as the concept and reliability to use imaging parameters as noninvasive surrogate endpoints for the evaluation of the post-therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Ravera S, Reyna-Neyra A, Ferrandino G, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Molecular Physiology and Preclinical and Clinical Applications. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:261-289. [PMID: 28192058 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. THs are key during embryonic and postembryonic development and critical for cell metabolism at all stages of life. The molecular characterization of NIS in 1996 and the use of radioactive I- isotopes have led to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and provide the molecular basis for studies aimed at extending the use of radioiodide treatment in extrathyroidal malignancies. This review focuses on the most recent findings on I- homeostasis and I- transport deficiency-causing NIS mutations, as well as current knowledge of the structure/function properties of NIS and NIS regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - Andrea Reyna-Neyra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - Giuseppe Ferrandino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
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Santoso MR, Yang PC. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cells and Exosomes for Myocardial Regeneration. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-017-9433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Esquinas PL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Carlos De La Vega J, Bokharaei M, Saatchi K, Shirmohammad M, Häfeli UO, Sossi V, Celler A. 188Re image performance assessment using small animal multi-pinhole SPECT/PET/CT system. Phys Med 2017; 33:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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