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Li H, Lin Y, Zheng S, Yu T, Xie Y, Yin Z. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2024; 40:815-832. [PMID: 36942709 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2191069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and analyze the diagnostic value of metabolic markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in leptomeningeal metastases (LM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Forty-six CSF samples from patients with NSCLC-LM were collected. Another 48 CSF samples from patients with nonmalignant neurological diseases were selected as control group. Metabolomic analysis of CSF was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied for modeling. A multi-criteria evaluation system (variable importance value >1, multiple of change >2 and P < 0.05 for univariate analysis) was used to find differential metabolites between two groups. The subject working characteristic curves and pathway enrichment analysis were used to screen metabolites and pathways associated with NSCLC-LM. RESULTS The PCA model and OPLS-DA model showed good overall data quality. Thirty endogenous differential metabolites were screened, and six potential biomarkers were further identified, including tyrosine (t = 3.37, P = 0.024, AUC = 0.967), phenylalanine (t = 3.98, P < 0.001, AUC = 0.992), pyruvate (t = 4.48, P < 0.001, AUC = 0.976), tryptophan (t = -2.5, P = 0.014, AUC = 0.935), adenosine monophosphate (t = -6.13, P < 0.001, AUC = 0.932) and glucose (t = -4.00, P < 0.001, AUC = 0.993). Thirty differential metabolites screened were subjected to metabolic pathway enrichment analysis and matched to 20 relevant metabolic pathways, of which the four most likely to cause metabolite changes were as follows: glycolysis and sugar metabolism synthesis, pyruvate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted metabolomics can effectively screen for CSF metabolites specific to NSCLC-LM patients, and six potential metabolites and their metabolic pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC-LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjuan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Chan AM, Olafsen T, Tsui J, Salazar FB, Aguirre B, Zettlitz KA, Condro M, Wu AM, Braun J, Gordon LK, Ashki N, Whitelegge J, Xu S, Ikotun O, Lee JT, Wadehra M. 89Zr-ImmunoPET for the Specific Detection of EMP2-Positive Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:890-903. [PMID: 38417138 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is upregulated in a number of tumors and therefore remains a promising target for mAb-based therapy. In the current study, image-guided therapy for an anti-EMP2 mAb was evaluated by PET in both syngeneic and immunodeficient cancer models expressing different levels of EMP2 to enable a better understanding of its tumor uptake and off target accumulation and clearance. The therapeutic efficacy of the anti-EMP2 mAb was initially evaluated in high- and low-expressing tumors, and the mAb reduced tumor load for the high EMP2-expressing 4T1 and HEC-1-A tumors. To create an imaging agent, the anti-EMP2 mAb was conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Tumor targeting and tissue biodistribution were evaluated in syngeneic tumor models (4T1, CT26, and Panc02) and human tumor xenograft models (Ramos, HEC-1-A, and U87MG/EMP2). PET imaging revealed radioactive accumulation in EMP2-positive tumors within 24 hours after injection, and the signal was retained for 5 days. High specific uptake was observed in tumors with high EMP2 expression (4T1, CT26, HEC-1-A, and U87MG/EMP2), with less accumulation in tumors with low EMP2 expression (Panc02 and Ramos). Biodistribution at 5 days after injection revealed that the tumor uptake ranged from 2 to approximately 16%ID/cc. The results show that anti-EMP2 mAbs exhibit EMP2-dependent tumor uptake with low off-target accumulation in preclinical cancer models. The development of improved anti-EMP2 Ab fragments may be useful to track EMP2-positive tumors for subsequent therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Small Animal Imaging Core, Shared Resources, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jessica Tsui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Brian Aguirre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Michael Condro
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior/Neuropsychiatric Institute, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Negin Ashki
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior/Neuropsychiatric Institute, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shili Xu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Oluwatayo Ikotun
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason Thanh Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Recent Developments in PET and SPECT Radiotracers as Radiopharmaceuticals for Hypoxia Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1840. [PMID: 37514026 PMCID: PMC10385036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a deficiency in the levels of oxygen, is a common feature of most solid tumors and induces many characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia is associated with metastases and strong resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, and can decrease the accuracy of cancer prognosis. Non-invasive imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using hypoxia-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have been used for the detection and therapy of tumor hypoxia. Nitroimidazoles are bioreducible moieties that can be selectively reduced under hypoxic conditions covalently bind to intracellular macromolecules, and are trapped within hypoxic cells and tissues. Recently, there has been a strong motivation to develop PET and SPECT radiotracers as radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazole moieties for the visualization and treatment of hypoxic tumors. In this review, we summarize the development of some novel PET and SPECT radiotracers as radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazoles, as well as their physicochemical properties, in vitro cellular uptake values, in vivo biodistribution, and PET/SPECT imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Recent Advances of 68Ga-Labeled PET Radiotracers with Nitroimidazole in the Diagnosis of Hypoxia Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10552. [PMID: 37445730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging method extensively applied in the detection and treatment of various diseases. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon found in most solid tumors. Nitroimidazole is a group of bioreducible pharmacophores that selectively accumulate in hypoxic regions of the body. Over the past few decades, many scientists have reported the use of radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazole for the detection of hypoxic tumors. Gallium-68, a positron-emitting radioisotope, has a favorable half-life time of 68 min and can be conveniently produced by 68Ge/68Ga generators. Recently, there has been significant progress in the preparation of novel 68Ga-labeled complexes bearing nitroimidazole moieties for the diagnosis of hypoxia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of developing 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals with nitroimidazole moieties, their pharmacokinetics, and in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as PET imaging studies for hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Abstract
Malignant tumors rank as a leading cause of death worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and advanced treatment options are crucial to win battle against tumors. In recent years, Cherenkov luminescence (CL) has shown its technical advantages and clinical transformation potential in many important fields, particularly in tumor diagnosis and treatment, such as tumor detection in vivo, surgical navigation, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and the evaluation of therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarize the advances in CL for tumor diagnosis and treatment. We first describe the physical principles of CL and discuss the imaging techniques used in tumor diagnosis, including CL imaging, CL endoscope, and CL tomography. Then we present a broad overview of the current status of surgical resection, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and tumor microenvironment monitoring using CL. Finally, we shed light on the challenges and possible solutions for tumor diagnosis and therapy using CL.
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