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Guzel A, Salış O. The role of serum C-Fos and glial fibriller acidic protein levels in detecting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2024:10.1007/s11325-024-03069-2. [PMID: 38836924 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia and sleep fragmentations that develop during sleep cause central nervous system damage in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study investigates the relationship between OSA severity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and c-Fos, which are considered indicators of neuronal damage. METHODS The study included 84 participants (70 patients with OSA and 14 healthy individuals). All participants were evaluated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) before polysomnography (PSG), and serum GFAP and c-Fos values were measured after PSG. All participants were grouped according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score (control: AHI < 5, Mild OSA: 5 ≤ AHI < 15; moderate OSA: 15 ≤ AHI < 30; severe OSA: AHI ≥ 30). RESULTS The average age of the participants was 48.5 ± 11.4 years. According to AHI scoring, 14 healthy individuals (16.7%) were in the control group, and 70 patients (83.3%) were in OSA groups. The serum GFAP levels and c-Fos levels were increased in the OSA groups (7.1 ± 5.7 ng/mL and 7.9 ± 7.5 pg/mL respectively) compared to the control group (1.3 ± 0.4 ng/mL and 2.7 ± 1.4 pg/mL p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between AHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) values, which indicate disease severity, and serum c-Fos (r: 0.381 and r:0.931, p < 0.01, respectively) and GFAP (r: 0.793 and r:0.745, p < 0.01, respectively) values. CONCLUSION Serum GFAP and c-Fos values, which are considered indicators of neuronal damage, can be used as a serum marker to determine disease severity in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aygul Guzel
- Department of Chest Disease, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Osman Salış
- Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li Y, Chen Y, Kuang J, Deng S, Wang Y. Intermittent hypoxia induces hepatic senescence through promoting oxidative stress in a mouse model. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:183-191. [PMID: 37453998 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an aging-related disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may cause MAFLD. This study aimed to explore whether or not intermittent hypoxia (IH), the hallmark of OSA, induces liver aging through oxidative stress. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered normal air (control), IH, or antioxidant tempol + IH daily for 6 weeks before the collection of serum and liver tissue samples. A histological examination was conducted to assess liver aging. ELISA was performed to measure liver function indicator levels in the serum and oxidative stress indicator activities in the liver. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the protein expression of the markers related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence. RESULTS Compared with control, IH resulted in significant increases in serum ALT, AST, and TG levels in mice (all P < 0.001), along with lobular inflammation and accumulation of collagen and fat in the liver. The protein levels of inflammatory factors and senescent markers were significantly increased in the IH mouse liver compared with those in the control mouse liver. Meanwhile, IH significantly reduced SOD and CAT activities while enhancing p22phox and Nrf2 protein expression in mouse liver compared with control. Importantly, antioxidant therapy with tempol effectively abrogated the effects of IH on oxidative stress response and aging-related liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IH induces liver inflammation and aging through oxidative stress. OSA may exacerbate target organ aging and participate in target organ damage. Strategies targeting oxidative stress may prevent and treat OSA-related MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjie Kuang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Silei Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Elevated Monocytic Interleukin-8 Expression under Intermittent Hypoxia Condition and in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111396. [PMID: 34768826 PMCID: PMC8583894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease with great cardiovascular risk. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an important chemokine for monocyte chemotactic migration, was studied under intermittent hypoxia condition and in OSA patients. Monocytic THP-1 cells were used to investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia on the regulation of IL-8 by an intermittent hypoxic culture system. The secreted protein and mRNA levels were studied by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT/real-time PCR. The chemotactic migration of monocytes toward a conditioned medium containing IL-8 was performed by means of the transwell filter migration assay. Peripheral venous blood was collected from 31 adult OSA patients and RNA was extracted from the monocytes for the analysis of IL-8 expression. The result revealed that intermittent hypoxia enhanced the monocytic THP-1 cells to actively express IL-8 at both the secreted protein and mRNA levels, which subsequently increased the migration ability of monocytes toward IL-8. The ERK, PI3K and PKC pathways were demonstrated to contribute to the activation of IL-8 expression by intermittent hypoxia. In addition, increased monocytic IL-8 expression was found in OSA patients, with disease severity dependence and diurnal changes. This study concluded the monocytic IL-8 gene expression can be activated by intermittent hypoxia and increased in OSA patients.
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Li J, Wang L, Hu J, Chen X, Zhou W, Li S, Guo H, Wang Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Cao J. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils promote endothelial apoptosis by enhancing adhesion upon stimulation by intermittent hypoxia. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:1173-1180. [PMID: 34635991 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the interactive effects between polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and vascular endothelial cells under intermittent hypoxia (IH) and investigated the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS Endothelial cells were co-cultured with PMNs isolated from rats exposed to normoxia or IH. The PMN apoptotic rate was determined using flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the endothelial cells were evaluated using Western blotting, and the levels of intercellular adhesion molecules in the co-culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The PMN apoptotic rate in the IH-exposed rat group was significantly lower than that of the normoxia control group. There was a positive relationship between the PMN apoptotic rate and IH exposure time. In endothelial cells co-cultured with PMNs isolated from IH-exposed rats, a significant increase in the protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 and a significant decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were observed. Furthermore, the intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and E-select element (E-S) levels were elevated significantly in the co-cultured supernatants of endothelial cells and PMNs from IH-exposed rats compared to that from controls. The above IH-induced alterations were partially restored by tempol pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS The apoptotic rate was low in PMNs from IH-exposed rats, which consequently increased the apoptotic signals in endothelial cells in vitro. This may be associated with the increased levels of intercellular adhesion molecules. Further, tempol partially attenuates the PMN-mediated pro-apoptotic effects on endothelial cells under IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hengjuan Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Baoyuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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de Lima FR, Marin DP, Ferreira LT, Sousa Filho CPB, Astorino TA, Prestes J, Marquezi ML, Otton R. Effect of Resistance Training With Total and Partial Blood Flow Restriction on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Untrained Men. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720773. [PMID: 34566685 PMCID: PMC8458755 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The characterization of immune and oxidative stress responses to acute and chronic exercise training is important because it may aid in the safety and dose–response prescription of resistance training (RT) in many populations. Purpose: The present study compared changes in acute oxidative stress and markers of apoptosis in immune cells before and after 8 weeks of low-load RT with total or partial blood flow restriction (BFR) versus high-load traditional RT. Methods: Twenty-seven untrained men were randomly divided into three groups: traditional RT [75% one-repetition maximum (1-RM)], RT with partial (20% 1-RM), and total BFR (20% 1-RM). Over an 8-week period, participants performed six sets of arm curls until failure with 90 seconds of recovery for 3 days/week. Blood samples were obtained before and after the first and last training sessions. Results: Data indicated that all training groups showed similar increases in muscular strength (p < 0.001), reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after exercise in neutrophils (p < 0.001), and increase in caspase-3 activity after exercise (p < 0.001). Traditional RT and total BFR showed increased plasma lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and protein carbonyls (p < 0.001) and lower levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.001) after exercise. No change was observed in oxidative stress biomarkers in response to partial BFR (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Data show that RT with partial BFR can increase muscular strength but still does not augment biomarkers of oxidative stress in untrained men. In addition, RT with total BFR promoted similar responses of oxidative stress and markers of immune cell apoptosis versus traditional RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rocha de Lima
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Popp Marin
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Torres Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Todd Anthony Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luis Marquezi
- Physical Education Research Laboratory, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xu L, Yang Y, Chen J. The role of reactive oxygen species in cognitive impairment associated with sleep apnea. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:4. [PMID: 32934669 PMCID: PMC7471880 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common breathing and sleeping disorder, is associated with a broad range of neurocognitive difficulties. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), one major characteristic of OSA, has been shown to impair learning and memory due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal conditions, ROS are produced in low concentrations and act as signaling molecules in different processes. However, IH treatment leads to elevated ROS production via multiple pathways, including mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction and in particular complex I dysfunction, and induces oxidative tissue damage. Moreover, elevated ROS results in the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increased activity of peroxisomes, such as NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase and phospholipase A2. Furthermore, oxidative tissue damage has been found in regions of the brains of patients with OSA, including the cortex and hippocampus, which are associated with memory and executive function. Furthermore, increased ROS levels in these regions of the brain induce damage via inflammation, apoptosis, ER stress and neuronal activity disturbance. The present review focuses on the mechanism of excessive ROS production in an OSA model and the relationship between ROS and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201424, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Wang F, Liu Y, Xu H, Qian Y, Zou J, Yi H, Guan J, Yin S. Association between Upper-airway Surgery and Ameliorative Risk Markers of Endothelial Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20157. [PMID: 31882827 PMCID: PMC6934655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of upper-airway surgery on improvement of endothelial function-related markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Subjects with moderate to severe OSA who underwent upper-airway surgery, with a follow-up duration of at least 6 months, were included. Pre- and postoperative polysomnographic variables and endothelial function-related markers were compared. Subgroup and correlation analyses were conducted to find possible indicators for better endothelial function-related markers after upper-airway surgery. In total, 44 patients with OSA were included. The mean follow-up duration was 1.72 ± 0.92 years. Serum VEGFA [-20.29 (CI: -35.27, -5.31), p < 0.05], Ang2 [-0.06 (CI: -0.16, 0.03), p < 0.05], E-selectin [-7.21 (CI: -11.01, -3.41), p < 0.001], VWF [-58.83 (CI: -103.93, -13.73), p < 0.05], VWFCP [-33.52 (CI: -66.34, -0.70), p < 0.05], and TM [-0.06 (CI: -0.09, -0.03), p < 0.05] were significantly lower after upper-airway surgery. However, other risk markers of endothelial function, such as Ang1, ICAM1, VEGFR1, and VCAM, did not change significantly. Correlations between improved endothelial function-related markers and ameliorated oxyhemoglobin saturation and glucolipid metabolism were established. Upper-airway surgery might be associated with an improvement in endothelial function in patients with OSA. These changes may be associated with improved oxygen saturation after upper-airway surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road 225, 200020, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingjun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road 225, 200020, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road 225, 200020, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road 225, 200020, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road 225, 200020, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road 225, 200020, Shanghai, China
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Zhao H, Zhao Y, Li X, Xu L, Jiang F, Hou W, Dong L, Cao J. Effects of Antioxidant Tempol on Systematic Inflammation and Endothelial Apoptosis in Emphysematous Rats Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1079-1087. [PMID: 30328323 PMCID: PMC6192890 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.9.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their coexistence is known as overlap syndrome (OS). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage of CVD; however, underlying mechanisms linking OS and CVD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether OS can lead to more severe inflammation and endothelial apoptosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, and to assess the intervention effects of antioxidant tempol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=66) were exposed to normal oxygen [normal control (NC) group], intermittent hypoxia (IH group), cigarette smoke (CH group), as well as cigarette smoke and IH (OS group). Tempol intervention was assessed in OS group treated with tempol (OST group) or NaCl (OSN group). After an 8-week challenge, lung tissues, serum, and fresh blood were harvested for analysis of endothelial markers and apoptosis. RESULTS The levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and apoptosis in circulating epithelial cells were the highest in OS group and the lowest in NC group. These levels were all greater in IH group than in CH group, and were lower in OST group than in OS and OSN groups (all p<0.001). CONCLUSION Synergistic effects of IH with cigarette smoke-induced emphysema produce a greater inflammatory status and endothelial apoptosis. OS-related inflammation and endothelial cell apoptosis may play important roles in promoting cardiovascular dysfunction, and antioxidant tempol could achieve a partial protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Leiqian Xu
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxin Jiang
- Department of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanju Hou
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Dong
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Li L, Ren F, Qi C, Xu L, Fang Y, Liang M, Feng J, Chen B, Ning W, Cao J. Intermittent hypoxia promotes melanoma lung metastasis via oxidative stress and inflammation responses in a mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Res 2018; 19:28. [PMID: 29433520 PMCID: PMC5809953 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, increased tumor incidence and cancer-related mortality have been reported among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Intermittent hypoxia (IH), the hallmark feature of OSA, contributes to the metastasis of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms by which tumor metastasis is accelerated by OSA-like IH remain to be elucidated. Methods C57BL/6 J male mice were subjected to intravenous injection of B16F10 melanoma cells before receiving IH treatment. Then, the animals were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 8 each): normoxia (N) group, IH group, and antioxidant tempol group (IHT, exposed to IH after treatment with tempol). After the mice were sacrificed, the number and weight of lung metastatic colonies were assessed. The lung tissues with tumor metastasis were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and for HIF-1α using western blotting and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in B16F10 cell was also assessed after N, IH and IH with tempol treatments. Results Compared with normoxia, IH significantly increased the number and weight of mouse lung metastatic colonies. Treatment of B16F10 cells with IH significantly enhanced ROS generation. Lung tissues with tumor metastasis provided evidence of increased oxidative stress, as assessed by p22phox and SOD mRNA levels and the NRF2 protein level, as well as increased inflammation, as assessed by TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels and the NF-κB P65 protein level. HIF-1α protein levels were increased in response to IH treatment. Tempol, an important antioxidant, ameliorated IH-induced melanoma lung metastasis in mice and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation responses. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress and inflammation responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSA-like IH-induced melanoma lung metastasis in mice. Antioxidant intervention provides a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of cancer in OSA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangyuan Ren
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Leiqian Xu
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinshan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Maoli Liang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoyuan Chen
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Abstract
The anoxemia theory proposes that an imbalance between the demand for and supply of oxygen in the arterial wall is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. There is now substantial evidence that there are regions within the atherosclerotic plaque in which profound hypoxia exists; this may fundamentally change the function, metabolism, and responses of many of the cell types found within the developing plaque and whether the plaque will evolve into a stable or unstable phenotype. Hypoxia is characterized in molecular terms by the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, a subunit of the heterodimeric nuclear transcriptional factor HIF-1 and a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. The expression of HIF-1 is localized to perivascular tissues, inflammatory macrophages, and smooth muscle cells adjacent to the necrotic core of atherosclerotic lesions and regulates several genes that are important to vascular function including vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide synthase, endothelin-1, and erythropoietin. This review summarizes the effects of hypoxia on the functions of cells involved in atherogenesis and the evidence for its potential importance from experimental models and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A A Ferns
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Heikal
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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