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Tu X, Caples S, Gay P. Time will heal: a case of resolved central sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:1711-1715. [PMID: 38963066 PMCID: PMC11446122 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Tu
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sean Caples
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter Gay
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Dimitriadis K, Stathakopoulou C, Pyrpyris N, Beneki E, Adamopoulou E, Soulaidopoulos S, Leontsinis I, Kasiakogias A, Papanikolaou A, Tsioufis P, Aznaouridis K, Tsiachris D, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. Interventional management of mitral regurgitation and sleep disordered breathing: "Catching two birds with one stone". Sleep Med 2024; 113:157-164. [PMID: 38029624 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), mostly constituting of obstructive and central sleep apnea (OSA and CSA, respectively), is highly prevalent in the general population, and even more among patients with cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) and valvular heart disease, such as mitral regurgitation (MR). The coexistence of HF, MR and SDB is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary congestion, as a result of MR, can exaggerate and worsen the clinical status and symptoms of SDB, while OSA and CSA, through various mechanisms that impair left ventricular dynamics, can promote left ventricular remodelling, mitral annulus dilatation and consequently MR. Regarding treatment, positive airway pressure devices used to ameliorate symptoms in SDB also seem to result in a reduction of MR severity, MR jet fraction and an improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction. However, surgical and transcatheter interventions for MR, and especially transcatheter edge to edge mitral valve repair (TEER), seem to also have a positive effect on SDB, by reducing OSA and CSA-related severity indexes and improving symptom control. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the common pathophysiology between SDB and MR, as well as to discuss the available evidence regarding the effect of SDB treatment on MR and the effect of mitral valve surgery or transcatheter repair on both OSA and CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Stathakopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Beneki
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Adamopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Leontsinis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kasiakogias
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Papanikolaou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Aznaouridis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiachris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Simionescu K, Łoboda D, Adamek M, Wilczek J, Gibiński M, Gardas R, Biernat J, Gołba KS. Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3309. [PMID: 37958204 PMCID: PMC10648695 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), i.e., central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), affects the prognosis of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study assessed the relationships between heart chamber size or function and respiratory parameters in patients with HFrEF and various types of SDB. The 84 participants were patients aged 68.3 ± 8.4 years (80% men) with an average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25.5 ± 6.85% who qualified for cardioverter-defibrillator implantation with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy. SDB, defined by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ five events/hour, was diagnosed in 76 patients (90.5%); SDB was severe in 31 (36.9%), moderate in 26 (31.0%), and mild in 19 (22.6%). CSA was the most common type of SDB (64 patients, 76.2%). A direct proportional relationship existed only in the CSA group between LVEF or stroke volume (SV) and AHI (p = 0.02 and p = 0.07), and between LVEF or SV and the percentage of total sleep time spent with hemoglobin oxygen saturation < 90% (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07). In contrast, the OSA group was the only group in which right ventricle size showed a positive relationship with AHI (for basal linear dimension [RVD1] p = 0.06), mean duration of the respiratory event (for RVD1 p = 0.03, for proximal outflow diameter [RVOT proximal] p = 0.009), and maximum duration of respiratory event (for RVD1 p = 0.049, for RVOT proximal p = 0.006). We concluded that in HFrEF patients, SDB severity is related to LV systolic function and SV only in CSA, whereas RV size correlates primarily with apnea/hypopnea episode duration in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Simionescu
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.); (J.W.); (M.G.); (R.G.); (K.S.G.)
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Łoboda
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.); (J.W.); (M.G.); (R.G.); (K.S.G.)
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Wilczek
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.); (J.W.); (M.G.); (R.G.); (K.S.G.)
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Gibiński
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.); (J.W.); (M.G.); (R.G.); (K.S.G.)
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Gardas
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.); (J.W.); (M.G.); (R.G.); (K.S.G.)
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Biernat
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof S. Gołba
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.); (J.W.); (M.G.); (R.G.); (K.S.G.)
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
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Effects of sacubitril-valsartan on central and obstructive apneas in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:283-289. [PMID: 35486312 PMCID: PMC9992232 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sacubitril-valsartan (SV) on central apneas (CA) and obstructive apneas (OA) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS In patients with HFrEF, SV initiation was titrated to the highest tolerable dosage. Patients were evaluated with portable apnea monitoring, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing at baseline and 3 months later. RESULTS Of a total of 18 patients, 9 (50%) had OA, 7 (39%) had CA, and 2 (11%) had normal breathing. SV therapy was related to a reduction in NT-pro BNP and an improvement in LV function after 3 months. Portable apnea monitoring revealed a significant decrease of the respiratory event index (REI) after treatment with SV (20 ± 23 events/h to 7 ± 7 events/h, p = 0.003). When subgrouping according to type of apneas, REI, and time spent below 90% saturation (T90) decreased in patients with CA and OA (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this prospective study, SV treatment for 3 months in patients with CA and OA is associated with a significant decrease in REI.
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Paulus MG, Liedtke T, Hamerle M, Schach C, Maier LS, Stadler S, Birner C, Debl K, Arzt M, Unsöld B, Meindl C. Impact of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair on central sleep apnoea. Clin Res Cardiol 2022; 112:594-604. [PMID: 36507943 PMCID: PMC10160214 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its subtype central sleep apnoea (CSA) are highly prevalent in patients with heart failure and associated with worse prognosis. Whereas pharmacological therapy of heart failure has been shown to ameliorate CSA, results from previous studies on the effect of mitral regurgitation therapy on SDB are contradicting. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) on prevalence and severity of CSA.
Methods and results
We enrolled 47 patients undergoing TEER for symptomatic mitral regurgitation in a prospective study. Secondary mitral regurgitation and left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% were present in 79% and 68% of patients, respectively. Respiratory polygraphy was performed before TEER in a compensated condition and four weeks after the procedure. 34 patients completed the follow-up. At baseline, 19 (56%) patients showed moderate-to-severe SDB, of whom 13 (68%) were classified as CSA. Both apnoea-hypopnoea index and percentage of recorded time spent in Cheyne-Stokes respiration strongly decreased from baseline to follow-up (median [IQR] 16 [7–30] vs. 7 [4–15] /h, p = 0.007; 6 [0–34] vs. 0 [0–8] %, p = 0.008). Median relative reduction of central apnoea index was 75% (p = 0.023), while obstructive apnoea index did not change significantly. Increase in stroke volume after TEER and high systolic pulmonary artery pressure at baseline predicted a > 50% reduction of both Apnoea-hypopnoea index and Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
Conclusion
TEER is associated with a significant short-term reduction of CSA and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in high-risk patients, strengthening its value as an effective treatment option for advanced heart failure.
Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Paulus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hamerle
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schach
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Stadler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Birner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum St. Marien, Amberg, Germany
| | - Kurt Debl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Meindl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with mitral regurgitation and the effect of mitral valve repair. Sleep Breath 2022; 27:599-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saito K, Takamatsu Y. Cheyne-Stokes Breathing as a Predictive Indicator of Heart Failure in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea; A Retrospective Case Control Study Using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Remote Monitoring Data. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:790331. [PMID: 35224039 PMCID: PMC8876318 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.790331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWe conducted a retrospective case control study to examine whether remote monitoring of Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB) was useful for predicting the onset of heart failure (HF) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).MethodsAmong patients with OSA treated at our hospital, 33 patients with HF that occurred between July 2014 and May 2021 [11 patients with acute HF (AHF); 22 patients with chronic HF (CHF) exacerbation] were included in the HF group. Of the 618 stable patients, 149 patients with a 30-days average CSB rate (CSB%) ≧1% were included in the non-HF control group. The chronologic change of CSB% were compared among the AHF, CHF and Control groups. Furthermore, of the 149 patients in the non-HF control group, 44 patients were matched for CSB%, body mass index, and sex in a ratio of 1:2 to 22 patients with CHF. The average cycle length (CL) of CSB was compared among three groups: CHF in stable period (CHF-stable group), CHF in exacerbation period (CHF-exacerbation group), and control group. In addition, according to the status of HF, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the optimal cut-off points for variation of CSB% and CL.ResultsChronological change in CSB% among the three groups was significantly different. Standard deviation of CSB% (SD CSB%) before onset HF was significantly higher in both the AHF and CHF groups than in the control group. The CL of CSB was significantly longer in the CHF group than in the control group and was longer during the exacerbation period than during the stable period. The optimal cut-off value of CL that could differentiate patients with and without the onset of HF was 68.9 s.ConclusionThe HF group demonstrated greater CSB variations and longer CL than the non-HF control group. Furthermore, the CL was longer during the exacerbation period of HF even in the same patient. These results suggest that remote monitoring of CPAP device data for CSB variations and CL might allow early prediction of the onset and exacerbation of HF.
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Saito K, Takamatsu Y. Periodic breathing in patients with stable obstructive sleep apnea on long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a retrospective study using CPAP remote monitoring data. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:1181-1191. [PMID: 34651259 PMCID: PMC9418282 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of periodic breathing (PB) and factors associated with the emergence or persistence of PB in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remote monitoring data. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study on 775 patients who had used the same model CPAP machine for at least 1 year as of September 1, 2020. The data were analyzed online using the dedicated analysis system. Using exporter software, average apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), average central apnea index (CAI), and average the rate of PB time (PB%) were cited. RESULTS Among 618 patients analyzed (age 61.7 ± 12.2 years, male 89%, BMI 27.2 ± 4.9), the average duration of CPAP use was 7.5 ± 4.0 years. The median PB% in stable patients was low at 0.32%, and only 149 patients (24%) had a PB% above 1%. Multiple regression analysis of factors for the development of PB showed that the most important factor was atrial fibrillation (Af) with a coefficient of 0.693 (95% CI; 0.536 to 0.851), followed by QRS duration with a coefficient of 0.445 (95% CI; 0.304 to 0.586), followed by history of heart failure, male sex, comorbid hypertension, obesity, and age. The average PB% for paroxysmal Af was significantly lower than that for persistent and permanent Af. CONCLUSIONS The median PB% in stable patients on CPAP treatment was low at 0.32%, with only 24% of patients having PB% ≥ 1%. Persistent Af and an increase in QRS duration were found to be important predictors of increased PB%. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000042555 2021/01/01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimimasa Saito
- Saito Naika Kokyukika, Mie Sleep Clinic, Ise-shi, 519-0502, Japan.
| | - Yoko Takamatsu
- Saito Naika Kokyukika, Mie Sleep Clinic, Ise-shi, 519-0502, Japan
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Effects of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Using MitraClip ® Device on Sleep Disordered Breathing in Patients with Mitral Valve Regurgitation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153332. [PMID: 34362116 PMCID: PMC8348649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common among patients with valvular heart disease, and successful valve surgery could reduce SDB severity. However, data about the effects of transcatheter mitral valve repair on SDB are scarce. Therefore, mitral regurgitation (MR) patients undergoing MitraClip-placement were prospectively enrolled. Before MitraClip-placement, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively; and all patients underwent SDB screening using five-channel respiratory polygraphy. After 3-6 months, patients had a similar reassessment including: ESS, PSQI, and respiratory polygraphy. 67 patients were included (77 ± 8years). Despite normal sleepiness scores, 41 patients (61%) had SDB with apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) ≥ 15 h before MitraClip-placement, of whom only three patients had known SDB previously. Compared to patients without SDB, patients with SDB had similar sleepiness scores but higher NT-proBNP values at baseline (4325 vs. 1520 pg/mL, p < 0.001). At follow-up, there were significant AHI improvements among patients with SDB (p = 0.013). However, there were no significant sleepiness score changes. In conclusion, the prevalence of SDB among MitraClip candidates is very high even in those without daytime sleepiness. MR patients with SDB have higher NT-proBNP values, which may reflect a worse prognosis. MitraClip-placement may improve the underlying SDB, which could be an additional benefit of the procedure.
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Gerçek M, Oldenburg O, Gerçek M, Fox H, Rudolph V, Puehler T, Omran H, Wolf LK, Hakim-Meibodi K, Zeiher AM, Gummert J, Dimitriadis Z. Prevalence of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Patients with Primary Mitral Regurgitation Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10092039. [PMID: 34068674 PMCID: PMC8126064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent comorbidity in cardiac disease patients. Nevertheless, the prevalence and relationship between SDB and severe primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) has not been well investigated to date. METHODS A cohort of 121 patients with significant PMR undergoing mitral valve surgery were prospectively enrolled and received a cardiorespiratory single night polygraphy screening using ApneaLink before surgery. Eighty-two of them underwent a follow-up examination including a follow-up single-night sleep study 3 months after surgery. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 65.3 ± 12.0 years. Sixty patients (49.6%) were female. The mean EuroSCORE II was 2.5 ± 2.4%. Initially, 91 (75.2%) patients presented with SDB, among whom 50.4% (46 patients, 38.0% of total cohort) were classified as moderate to severe. These patients tended to require significantly longer postoperative intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Among the 82 patients who completed follow-up exams, mitral valve surgery led to a significant reduction in relevant SDB (20.7%). The apnea-hypopnea index (from 11/h [4;18] to 4/h [3;14] (p = 0.04)), the oxygenation-desaturation index (from 8/h [3;18] to 5/h [3;12] (p = 0.008)) as well as the saturation time below 90% (from 32 min [13;86] to 18 min [5;36] (p = 0.005)), were all shown to be improved significantly. CONCLUSION The prevalence of SDB is very high in patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation and may contribute to postoperative complications and prolonged intensive care. A significantly reduced but still high prevalence of SDB was observed 3 months after mitral valve surgery, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between SDB and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Gerçek
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.G.); (H.F.); (V.R.); (H.O.); (L.K.W.)
| | - Olaf Oldenburg
- Clinic for Cardiology, Ludgerus-Kliniken Münster, 48153 Münster, Germany;
| | - Mustafa Gerçek
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Duisburg, 47137 Duisburg, Germany;
| | - Henrik Fox
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.G.); (H.F.); (V.R.); (H.O.); (L.K.W.)
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.G.); (H.F.); (V.R.); (H.O.); (L.K.W.)
| | - Thomas Puehler
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Campus Kiel, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Hazem Omran
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.G.); (H.F.); (V.R.); (H.O.); (L.K.W.)
| | - Lisa Katharina Wolf
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.G.); (H.F.); (V.R.); (H.O.); (L.K.W.)
| | - Kavous Hakim-Meibodi
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.H.-M.); (J.G.)
| | - Andreas M. Zeiher
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60598 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Jan Gummert
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.H.-M.); (J.G.)
| | - Zisis Dimitriadis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60598 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Passino C, Sciarrone P, Vergaro G, Borrelli C, Spiesshoefer J, Gentile F, Emdin M, Giannoni A. Sacubitril-valsartan treatment is associated with decrease in central apneas in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2021; 330:112-119. [PMID: 33581182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the impact of sacubitril-valsartan on apneic burden in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 51 stable HFrEF patients planned for switching from an ACE-i/ARB to sacubitril-valsartan were prospectively enrolled. METHODS AND RESULTS At baseline and after 6 months of treatment, all patients underwent echocardiography, 24-h cardiorespiratory monitoring, neurohormonal evaluation, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. At baseline 29% and 65% of patients presented with obstructive and central apneas, respectively. After 6 months, sacubitril-valsartan was associated with a decrease in NT-proBNP, improvement in LV function, functional capacity and ventilatory efficiency. After treatment, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased across the 24-h period (p < 0.001), as well as at daytime (p < 0.001) and at nighttime (p = 0.026), proportionally to baseline severity. When subgrouping according to the type of apneas, daytime, nighttime and 24-h AHI decreased in patients with central apneas (all p < 0.01). Conversely, in patients with obstructive apneas, the effect of drug administration was neutral at nighttime, with significant decrease only in daytime events (p = 0.007), mainly driven by reduction in hypopneas. CONCLUSIONS Sacubitril-valsartan on top of medical treatment is associated with a reduction in the apneic burden among a real-life cohort of HFrEF patients. The most marked reduction was observed for central apneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Passino
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Jens Spiesshoefer
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Michele Emdin
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with adaptive servoventilation-analysis of patients with regard to therapy restriction. SOMNOLOGIE 2020; 25:226-231. [PMID: 33046962 PMCID: PMC7542574 DOI: 10.1007/s11818-020-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The SERVE-HF study revealed no benefit of adaptive servoventilation (ASV) versus guideline-based medical treatment in patients with symptomatic heart failure, an ejection fraction (EF) ≤45% and a predominance of central events (apnoea-hypopnea Index [AHI] > 15/h). Because both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were higher in the ASV group, an EF ≤ 45% in combination with AHI 15/h, central apnoea-hyponoea index [CAHI/AHI] > 50% and central apnoea index [CAI] > 10/h were subsequently listed as contraindications for ASV. The intention of our study was to analyse the clinical relevance of this limitation. Methods Data were analysed retrospectively for patients treated with ASV who received follow-up echocardiography to identify contraindications for ASV. Results Echocardiography was conducted in 23 patients. The echocardiogram was normal in 10 cases, a left ventricular hypertrophy with normal EF was found in 8 patients, there was an EF 45-50% in 2 cases and a valvular aortic stenosis (grade II) with normal EF was found in 1 case. EF <45% was present in just 2 cases, and only 1 of these patients also had more than 50% central events in the diagnostic night. Conclusion The population typically treated with ASV is entirely different from the study population in SERVE-HF, as nearly half of the patients treated with ASV showed a normal echocardiogram. Thus, the modified indication for ASV has little impact on the majority of treated patients. The current pathomechanistic hypothesis of central apnoea must be reviewed.
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Effects of central apneas on sympathovagal balance and hemodynamics at night: impact of underlying systolic heart failure. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:965-977. [PMID: 32700287 PMCID: PMC8195752 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased sympathetic drive is the key determinant of systolic heart failure progression, being associated with worse functional status, arrhythmias, and increased mortality. Central sleep apnea is highly prevalent in systolic heart failure, and its effects on sympathovagal balance (SVB) and hemodynamics might depend on relative phase duration and background pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE This study compared the effects of central apneas in patients with and without systolic heart failure on SVB and hemodynamics during sleep. METHODS During polysomnography, measures of SVB (heart rate and diastolic blood pressure variability) were non-invasively recorded and analyzed along with baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and hemodynamic parameters (stroke volume index, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance index). Data analysis focused on stable non-rapid eye movement N2 sleep, comparing normal breathing with central sleep apnea in subjects with and without systolic heart failure. RESULTS Ten patients were enrolled per group. In heart failure patients, central apneas had neutral effects on SVB (all p > 0.05 for the high, low, and very low frequency components of heart rate and diastolic blood pressure variability). Patients without heart failure showed an increase in very low and low frequency components of diastolic blood pressure variability in response to central apneas (63 ± 18 vs. 39 ± 9%; p = 0.001, 43 ± 12 vs. 31 ± 15%; p = 0.002). In all patients, central apneas had neutral hemodynamic effects when analyzed over a period of 10 min, but had significant acute hemodynamic effects. CONCLUSION Effects of central apneas on SVB during sleep depend on underlying systolic heart failure, with neutral effects in heart failure and increased sympathetic drive in idiopathic central apneas.
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