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5,2′-Dibromo-2,4′,5′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone Inhibits LPS-Induced Vascular Inflammation by Targeting the Cav1 Protein. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092884. [PMID: 35566232 PMCID: PMC9101869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is directly responsible for atherosclerosis. 5,2′-Dibromo-2,4′,5′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (TDD), a synthetic bromophenol derivative, exhibits anti-atherosclerosis and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying pathways are not yet clear. In this study, we first examined the effects of TDD on toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activity, the signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and found that TDD does not inhibit LPS-induced TLR4 expression in EA.hy926 cells and the vascular wall in vivo. Next, we investigated the global protein alterations and the mechanisms underlying the action of TDD in LPS-treated EA.hy926 cells using an isobaric tag for the relative and absolute quantification technique. Western blot analysis revealed that TDD inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation IκBα. Among the differentially expressed proteins, TDD concentration-dependently inhibited Caveolin 1(Cav1) expression. The interaction between Cav1 and TDD was determined by using biolayer interference assay, UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectrum, and molecular docking. We found that TDD can directly bind to Cav1 through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. In conclusion, our results showed that TDD inhibited LPS-induced vascular inflammation and the NF-κB signaling pathway by specifically targeting the Cav1 protein. TDD may be a novel anti-inflammatory compound, especially for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Wang Y, Jiang HF, Liu BB, Chen LL, Wang Y, Liu XY, Suo M, Wu XF. Brown Adipose Tissue Activation Is Involved in Atherosclerosis of ApoE -/- Mice Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:751519. [PMID: 34765657 PMCID: PMC8576199 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.751519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is an atherogenesis factor of which chronic intermittent hypoxia is a prominent feature. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) exposure can sufficiently activate the sympathetic system, which acts on the β3 adrenergic receptors of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the activity of BAT and its function in CIH-induced atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. Methods: This study involved ApoE−/− mice which were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and grouped into control and CIH group. During the last 8 weeks, mice in the CIH group were housed in cages to deliver CIH (12 h per day, cyclic inspiratory oxygen fraction 5–20.9%, 180 s cycle). Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated by Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry. Afterward, we conducted immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT-PCR of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to investigate the activation of BAT. The level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and free fatty acid (FFA) were measured. Finally, RNA-Sequencing was deployed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their enriched pathways between control and CIH groups. Results: Chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure promoted atherosclerotic plaque area with increasing CD68, α-SMA, and collagen in plaques. BAT activation was presented during CIH exposure with UCP1 up-regulated. Serum TC, triglyceride, LDL-c, and FFA were increased accompanied by BAT activation. HDL-c was decreased. Mechanistically, 43 lipolysis and lipid metabolism-associated mRNA showed different expression profiling between the groups. Calcium, MAPK, and adrenergic signaling pathway included the most gene number among the significantly enriched pathways. Conclusion: This study first demonstrated that BAT activation is involved in the progression of CIH-induced atherosclerosis, possibly by stimulating lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Suo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Lin S, Zeng Y. An Update on Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Atherosclerosis: Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647071. [PMID: 33898538 PMCID: PMC8060459 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis could be influenced by intermittent hypoxia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia, is world-wide prevalence with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Researches remain focused on the study of its mechanism and improvement of diagnosis and treatment. However, the underlying mechanism is complex, and the best practice for OSA diagnosis and treatment considering atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases is still debatable. In this review, we provided an update on research in OSA in the last 5 years with regard to atherosclerosis. The processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, autonomic nervous system activation, vascular dysfunction, platelet activation, metabolite dysfunction, small molecule RNA regulation, and the cardioprotective occurrence was discussed. Additionally, improved diagnosis such as, the utilized of portable device, and treatment especially with inconsistent results in continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement devices were illustrated in detail. Therefore, further fundamental and clinical research should be carried out for a better understanding the deep interaction between OSA and atherosclerosis, as well as the suggestion of newer diagnostic and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Li C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Su T, Zhao Y, Shi S. Cell-Autonomous Autophagy Protects Against Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sensory Nerves and Endothelial Dysfunction of the Soft Palate. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920878. [PMID: 32616707 PMCID: PMC7353292 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. The pathogenesis of CIH-induced soft palate lesion is not well understood. Understanding the mechanisms of CIH-induced soft palate damage could provide new strategies for clinical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomized into a control group (n=10) and experimental group (n=10). The experimental group were exposed to CIH for 28 days. The control experiments were run in parallel. Morphological changes of CIH-induced soft palate were examined by hematoxylin and eosin. Peripheral nerves and vascular associated markers were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. LC3B expression and transmission electron microscopy analysis was detected to investigate the destiny of cells in CIH-induced soft palate. RESULTS Histological studies demonstrated the thicken mucosal layer, muscular changes consistent with glands hyperplasia, and loose connective tissues of the soft palate in CIH induced rat models. CIH exposure significantly decreased the expression of annexin V but did not change argin level, suggesting that sensory nerves not motor nerves were damaged when exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Moreover, in response to CIH, the vascular vessel around the nerves and muscles became enlarged and caveolin-1 was overexpressed. Autophagy occurs in response to CIH-induced neuromuscular and vascular endothelial injury. CONCLUSIONS Sensory nerves and endothelial dysfunction contributed to the morphological damage of soft palate under intermittent hypoxia. Autophagy as a compensatory mechanism protects against CIH-induced injury. These findings have important implications for understanding mechanisms contributing to the increased soft palate lesion in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Tiantian Su
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Song Shi
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Zhang P, Chen X, Zhang Y, Su H, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Sun M, Li L, Xu Z. Tet3 enhances IL-6 expression through up-regulation of 5-hmC in IL-6 promoter in chronic hypoxia induced atherosclerosis in offspring rats. Life Sci 2019; 232:116601. [PMID: 31252000 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tet1, Tet2, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been linked to atherosclerosis. Whether Tet3 has a relationship with atherosclerosis and IL-6 was unknown. This study aims to determine the link between Tet3 and IL-6, and the role of Tet3 in prenatal hypoxia-induced atherosclerosis in offspring rats. MAIN METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into hypoxia and control group. Their male offspring were tested at 20 months old. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopic staining were used. Gene mRNA and protein levels were measured with q-PCR or Western blotting. Cell viability and migration was tested with MTT or cell scratch assay. 5-hmC and 5-mC expression were obtained by qGlucMS-PCR; 5-hmC and 5-mC activity were obtained by dot blotting. KEY FINDINGS Chronic prenatal hypoxia increased Tet3 and IL-6 expression, and decreased Tet3 activity in offspring rats. GlucMS-qPCR showed the percentage of 5-hmC was significantly up-regulated in the promoter of IL-6 in both the rats and cells. Moreover, 5-hmC percentage also was increased in the A7r5 cells transfected with Tet3. Furthermore, Tet3 promoted proliferation and migration of A7r5 cells. However, Tet3 was not sensitive to acute hypoxia, while influenced by HIF-1α DNA element. SIGNIFICANCE Tet3 enhanced IL-6 expression though up-regulating 5-hmC percentage in the IL-6 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xionghui Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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