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Liu Y, Barnet JH, Hagen EW, Peppard PE, Mignot E, Reither EN. Objectively measured daytime sleepiness predicts weight change among adults: Findings from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep Health 2024; 10:327-334. [PMID: 38688810 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) trajectories are associated with night-time sleep, but it is not clear how they relate to daytime sleepiness in population data. This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between levels and changes in daytime sleepiness and BMI trajectories among men and women. METHODS We estimated growth curve models among 827 participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (mean [sd] age = 55.2 [8.0] years at baseline). The outcome variable was BMI (kg/m2) and the key predictor was daytime sleepiness measured by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) scores. Covariates included demographics, health behaviors, retirement status, stimulant use, and depressive symptoms. In sensitivity analyses, we evaluated the potential effects of cardiovascular disease, shift work status, and sleep apnea on the robustness of sleepiness and BMI associations. RESULTS At the between-person level, men who were sleepier had higher BMI levels. At the within-person level, age moderated the positive association between sleepiness and BMI among women. Specifically, young women who became sleepier over time gained more BMI than older women with comparable increases in sleepiness. Furthermore, while BMI tended to increase with age among women, BMI trajectories were steeper among sleepy women than among well-rested women, who experienced less increase in BMI over time. CONCLUSION The study suggested that levels and changes in daytime sleepiness as objectively measured by MSLT scores are associated with body mass among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erika W Hagen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul E Peppard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric N Reither
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
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Yared L, Rodrigues K, Mangal R, Stead TS, Ganti L. Sleep Hygiene, Daytime Sleepiness, and Coping Mechanisms Amongst US Adults. Cureus 2023; 15:e45608. [PMID: 37868531 PMCID: PMC10588676 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can be measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and has been shown to be prevalent in the United States. This study aimed to survey the levels of EDS in US adults and explore factors related to sleep hygiene. Methods An anonymous web-based survey was conducted, polling the frequency of hypersomnia symptoms, sleep quality, and time spent in their occupation. Respondents were at least 21 years of age and United States residents. Participants reported information related to age, gender, education, income, and race in addition to their responses to the survey questions. All data were analyzed using JMP 16.0. Results In our cohort of 200 adults, the median age was 40, with an interquartile range of 34-50 years. 48% were female. More than half of the cohort (53%) had severe or higher-normal EDS. Race (p=0.112), sex (p=0.426), age (p=0.063) shift work/shift timing (p=0.260), and screen time before bed (p=0.785) were not statistically significant for excessive daytime sleepiness. However, the length of participants' workdays (p=0.001) and their income levels (p=0.008) were found to be significantly associated with EDS. In other words, longer workdays and lower income levels were associated with an increased likelihood of falling asleep during inactive periods of the day. Conclusion Sleep deprivation and excessive daytime sleepiness are intertwined with sleep hygiene. This study highlights some of the possible issues that could lead to potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Yared
- Biology, Trinity Preparatory School, Winter Park, USA
| | | | - Rohan Mangal
- Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Thor S Stead
- Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Latha Ganti
- Medical Sciences, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
- Emergency Medicine and Neurology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
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Wu Y, Huang X, Zhong C, Wu T, Sun D, Wang R, Zhan Q, Luo H. Efficacy of Dietary Supplements on Sleep Quality and Daytime Function of Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:850417. [PMID: 35571888 PMCID: PMC9097162 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDietary supplements (DSs) may be useful for managing shift work disorder. But the efficiency of outcomes in clinical trials using simulated shift work populations as subjects is controversial. This review explores the potential role of DSs for improving sleep quality, daily functioning, and mood among shift workers in the real world.MethodsA related literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to July 2021. Information was collected on “shift work,” “irregular working hours,” “night shift,” “dietary supplements,” and “nutraceutical research data.” Sleep quality-related scales were the primary outcome measures. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, England) and Stata 15.0 (StataCorp, LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Heterogeneity was examined by using I2 statistics, and publication bias was assessed via Egger's regression test.ResultsTwelve studies, which involved 917 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The DS groups had significant improvement in sleep quality scores (8 randomized controlled trials [RCTs]: p = 0.04; standard mean difference (SMD), −0.45 [−0.88 to −0.03]) and daytime function (7 RCTs: p = 0.02; SMD, −0.50 [−0.92 to −0.08]). The DS groups did not have a significant improvement in psychomotor vigilance (4 RCTs: p = 0.25; SMD, 0.52 [−0.36 to 1.41]), depression (5 RCTs: p = 0.14; SMD, −0.19 [−0.45 to 0.06]), or anxiety (4 RCTs: p = 0.27; SMD, −0.23 [−0.65 to 0.18]). All RCTs suggested a positive safety profile for DSs.ConclusionsThe findings of this meta-analysis indicated DSs may be beneficial for improving sleep quality and daytime function in shift workers. Although there is a wide range of DSs, the small amount of literature included for each type does not allow for subgroup analysis to be used to eliminate high heterogeneity. We have not yet included literatures on other languages either. Given these limitations of the study, there is still a need for more well-designed randomized controlled trials so that our review can be updated in the future to make the results more conclusive.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=273558, PROSPERO: CRD42021273558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Wu
- Department of Massage, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Department of Massage, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Zhong
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Massage, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai Sun
- Department of Massage, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Massage, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Wang
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Qiang Zhan
| | - Huasong Luo
- Department of Massage, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Huasong Luo
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Schifano F, Catalani V, Sharif S, Napoletano F, Corkery JM, Arillotta D, Fergus S, Vento A, Guirguis A. Benefits and Harms of 'Smart Drugs' (Nootropics) in Healthy Individuals. Drugs 2022; 82:633-647. [PMID: 35366192 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
'Smart drugs' (also known as 'nootropics' and 'cognitive enhancers' [CEs]) are being used by healthy subjects (i.e. students and workers) typically to improve memory, attention, learning, executive functions and vigilance, hence the reference to a 'pharmaceutical cognitive doping behaviour'. While the efficacy of known CEs in individuals with memory or learning deficits is well known, their effect on non-impaired brains is still to be fully assessed. This paper aims to provide an overview on the prevalence of use; putative neuroenhancement benefits and possible harms relating to the intake of the most popular CEs (e.g. amphetamine-type stimulants, methylphenidate, donepezil, selegiline, modafinil, piracetam, benzodiazepine inverse agonists, and unifiram analogues) in healthy individuals. CEs are generally perceived by the users as effective, with related enthusiastic anecdotal reports; however, their efficacy in healthy individuals is uncertain and any reported improvement temporary. Conversely, since most CEs are stimulants, the related modulation of central noradrenaline, glutamate, and dopamine levels may lead to cardiovascular, neurological and psychopathological complications. Furthermore, use of CEs can be associated with paradoxical short- and long-term cognitive decline; decreased potential for plastic learning; and addictive behaviour. Finally, the non-medical use of any potent psychotropic raises serious ethical and legal issues, with nootropics having the potential to become a major public health concern. Further studies investigating CE-associated social, psychological, and biological outcomes are urgently needed to allow firm conclusions to be drawn on the appropriateness of CE use in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Valeria Catalani
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
| | - Safia Sharif
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
| | - Flavia Napoletano
- East London Foundation Trust (ELFT), Newham Early Intervention Service, London, UK
| | - John Martin Corkery
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
| | - Davide Arillotta
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
| | - Suzanne Fergus
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alessandro Vento
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
- Addictions' Observatory (ODDPSS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
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Okechukwu CE, Okechukwu CE, Torre GL. Effectiveness of bright light exposure, modafinil and armodafinil for improving alertness during working time among nurses on the night shift: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2022.2054508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ning Y, Liu X, Yao H, Chen P, Li X, Jia H. The fMRI study for acupuncture on shift work sleep disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled neuroimaging trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22068. [PMID: 32899073 PMCID: PMC7478636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly 20% of night shift nurses will cause shift work disorder (SWD) due to the disruption of sleep-wake cycle, which not only affects the daily work efficiency, but also brings a huge burden on physical and mental health. Acupuncture is a safe and effective intervention on SWD. This trial will combine with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the clinical effects and potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of SWD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomized controlled neuroimaging trial, with enrolled participants, outcome assessors, and data statisticians blinded. 60 patients with SWD and 30 healthy controls who sleep regularly will be recruited and divided into divided into a control group, a true acupoints treatment group (TATG) and a sham acupoints treatment group (SATG) by the ratio of 1:1:1. The TATG and SATG will receive 8 sessions of acupuncture treatment in 4 weeks. Cognitive function scales and MRI scanning will be performed before and after 4-week acupuncture treatment. The control group will receive no intervention. Functional connectivity of intra-network and inter-network will be the primary outcome and effect indicator. The secondary outcomes included Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, Attentional Network Test, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale and needle sensation assessment scale. Neuroimage indicators will be correlated with clinical data and scores of cognitive function assessment to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the changes of brain activity caused by acupuncture treatment. DISCUSSION The results of this study will enable us to verify the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on SWD and explore the potential central mechanism of acupuncture on SWD from the change of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Ning
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University
| | - Xueyan Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100078, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100078, China
| | - Pei Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University
| | - Xue Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University
| | - Hongxiao Jia
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University
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