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Howarth TP, Sillanmäki S, Karhu T, Rissanen M, Islind AS, Hrubos-Strøm H, de Chazal P, Huovila J, Kainulainen S, Leppänen T. Nocturnal oxygen resaturation parameters are associated with cardiorespiratory comorbidities. Sleep Med 2024; 118:101-112. [PMID: 38657349 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are strong associations between oxygen desaturations and cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, oxygen resaturation rates are linked to excessive daytime sleepiness independent of oxygen desaturation severity. No studies have yet looked at the independent effects of comorbidities or medications on resaturation parameters. METHODS The Sleep Heart Health Study data was utilised to derive oxygen saturation parameters from 5804 participants. Participants with a history of comorbidities or medication usage were compared against healthy participants with no comorbidity/medication history. RESULTS 4293 participants (50.4% female, median age 64 years) were included in the analysis. Females recorded significantly faster resaturation rates (mean 0.61%/s) than males (mean 0.57%/s, p < 0.001), regardless of comorbidities. After adjusting for demographics, sleep parameters, and desaturation parameters, resaturation rate was reduced with hypertension (-0.09 (95% CI -0.16, -0.03)), myocardial infarction (-0.13 (95% CI -0.21, -0.04)) and heart failure (-0.19 (95% CI -0.33, -0.05)), or when using anti-hypertensives (-0.10 (95% CI -0.17, -0.03)), mental health medications (-0.18 (95% CI -0.27, -0.08)) or anticoagulants (-0.41 (95% CI -0.56, -0.26)). Desaturation to Resaturation ratio for duration was decreased with mental health (-0.21 (95% CI -0.34, -0.08)) or diabetic medications (-0.24 (95% CI -0.41, -0.07)), and desaturation to resaturation ratio for area decreased with heart failure (-0.25 (95% CI -0.42, -0.08)). CONCLUSIONS Comorbidities and medications significantly affect nocturnal resaturation parameters, independent of desaturation parameters. However, the causal relationship remains unclear. Further research can enhance our knowledge and develop more precise and safer interventions for individuals affected by certain comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Howarth
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Australia; College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Saara Sillanmäki
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Karhu
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Rissanen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | | | - Harald Hrubos-Strøm
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Clinic for Surgical Research, Campus Ahus, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philip de Chazal
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juuso Huovila
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Samu Kainulainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Leppänen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Tao M, Dong X, Tu J, Fang Q, Shao C. Symptom and comorbidity burden in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361466. [PMID: 38501097 PMCID: PMC10944929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an important but frequently overlooked risk factor for hypertension (HTN). The prevalence of hypertension is high in patients with OSA, but the differences in clinical symptoms and comorbidities between patients with OSA with hypertension and those with normal blood pressure have not been fully defined. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed OSA patients diagnosed for the first time in Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from 2016 to 2020. Patients were divided into an OSA group with hypertension and an OSA group without hypertension. The sociodemographic information, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and polysomnography results of the two groups were compared. The independent risk factors associated with hypertension in patients with OSA were explored. Results A total of 1108 patients with OSA initially diagnosed were included in the study, including 387 with hypertension and 721 without. Compared with OSA patients without hypertension, OSA patients with hypertension were older; had a higher body mass index (BMI) and Epworth sleepiness score (ESS); a higher incidence of nocturia; and a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Multivariate analysis showed age (odds ratio [OR]:1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04-1.08), BMI (OR:1.17, 95% CI:1.11-1.23), ESS score (OR:0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-1.00) and nocturia symptoms (OR:1.64, 95% CI:1.19-2.27) was independently associated with hypertension in OSA patients, and comorbid diabetes (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 2.31-6.45), coronary heart disease (OR: 1.90, 95% CI:1.15-3.16), and ischemic stroke (OR: 3.69,95% CI:1.31-10.40) was independently associated with hypertension in OSA patients. Conclusion Compared to OSA patients with normal blood pressure, OSA patients with hypertension had more significant daytime sleepiness, more frequent nocturnal urination, and a higher risk of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengShi Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqi Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinjing Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuan Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Karhu T, Leppänen T, Töyräs J, Oksenberg A, Myllymaa S, Nikkonen S. ABOSA - Freely available automatic blood oxygen saturation signal analysis software: Structure and validation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107120. [PMID: 36152624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Many sleep recording software used in clinical settings have some tools to automatically analyze the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) signal by detecting desaturations. However, these tools are often inadequate for scientific research as they do not provide SpO2 signal-based parameters which are superior in the estimation of sleep apnea severity and related medical consequences. In addition, these software require expensive licenses and they lack batch analysis tools. Thus, we developed the first freely available automatic blood oxygen saturation analysis software (ABOSA) that provides sophisticated SpO2 signal-based parameters and enables batch analysis of large datasets. METHODS ABOSA was programmed with MATLAB. ABOSA automatically detects desaturation and recovery events from the SpO2 signals (EDF files) and calculates numerous parameters, such as oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and desaturation severity (DesSev). The accuracy of the ABOSA software was evaluated by comparing its desaturation scorings to manual scorings in Kuopio (n = 1981) and Loewenstein (n = 930) sleep apnea patient datasets. Validation was performed in a second-by-second manner by calculating Matthew's correlation coefficients (MCC) and median differences in parameter values. Finally, the performance of the ABOSA software was compared to two commercial software, Noxturnal and Profusion, in 100 patient subpopulations. As Noxturnal or Profusion does not calculate novel desaturation parameters, these were calculated with custom-made functions. RESULTS The agreements between ABOSA and manual scorings were great in both Kuopio (MCC = 0.801) and Loewenstein (MCC = 0.898) datasets. However, ABOSA slightly overestimated the desaturation parameter values. The median differences in ODIs were 0.8 (Kuopio) and 0.0 (Loewenstein) events/h. Similarly, the median differences in DesSevs were 0.02 (Kuopio) and 0.01 (Loewenstein) percentage points. In a second-by-second analysis, ABOSA performed very similarly to Noxturnal and Profusion software in both Kuopio (MCCABOSA = 0.807, MCCNoxturnal = 0.807, MCCProfusion = 0.811) and Loewenstein (MCCABOSA = 0.904, MCCNoxturnal = 0.911, MCCProfusion = 0.871) datasets. Based on Noxturnal and Profusion scorings, the desaturation parameter values were similarly overestimated compared to ABOSA. CONCLUSIONS ABOSA is an accurate and freely available software that calculates both traditional clinical parameters and novel parameters, provides a detailed characterization of desaturation and recovery events, and enables batch analysis of large datasets. These are features that no other software currently provides making ABOSA uniquely suitable for scientific research use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Karhu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Timo Leppänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arie Oksenberg
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Loewenstein Hospital-Rehabilitation Center, Raanana, Israel
| | - Sami Myllymaa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Nikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Glos M, Triché D. Home Sleep Testing of Sleep Apnea. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1384:147-157. [PMID: 36217083 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06413-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Measurement methods with graded complexity for use in the lab as well as for home sleep testing (HST) are available for the diagnosis of sleep apnea, and there are different classification systems in existence. Simplified HST measurements, which record fewer parameters than traditional four- to six-channel devices, can indicate sleep apnea and can be used as screening tool in high-prevalence patient groups. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is a technique which can be suitable for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in certain cases. Different measurement methods are used, which has an influence on the significance of the results. New minimal-contact and non-contact technologies of recording and analysis of surrogate parameters are under development. If they are validated by clinical studies, it will be possible to detect sleep apnea in need of treatment more effectively. In addition, this could become a solution to monitor the effectiveness of such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glos
- Interdisciplinary Center for Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dora Triché
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
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Suzuki K. Current Update on Clinically Relevant Sleep Issues in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:971-992. [PMID: 33896849 PMCID: PMC8461662 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are among the common nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sleep can be disrupted by nocturnal motor and nonmotor symptoms and other comorbid sleep disorders. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) causes sleep-related injury, has important clinical implications as a harbinger of PD and predicts a progressive clinical phenotype. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and its related symptoms can impair sleep initiation. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a refractory problem affecting patients’ daytime activities. In particular, during the COVID-19 era, special attention should be paid to monitoring sleep problems, as infection-prevention procedures for COVID-19 can affect patients’ motor symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and sleep. Therefore, screening for and managing sleep problems is important in clinical practice, and the maintenance of good sleep conditions may improve the quality of life of PD patients. This narrative review focused on the literature published in the past 10 years, providing a current update of various sleep disturbances in PD patients and their management, including RBD, RLS, EDS, sleep apnea and circadian abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
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