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Tung YT, Liao YC, Yeh TH, Tsao SP, Chang CC, Shih WT, Huang HY. 10 weeks low intensity treadmill exercise intervention ameliorates motor deficits and sustains muscle mass via decreasing oxidative damage and increasing mitochondria function in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2024; 350:122733. [PMID: 38763432 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the brain, which leads to motor dysfunction; excessive inflammation induces neuronal death. This study aimed to determine the most effective exercise modality to improve motor dysfunction in PD by comparing three different exercise regimens (low-intensity treadmill, high-intensity treadmill, and swimming). MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model for PD was established through stereotaxic surgery, inducing unilateral 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) lesions. The low-intensity treadmill regimen exerted better protective effects on neurological and motor functions in a rat model of unilateral 6-OHDA-induced PD compared to high-intensity treadmill and swimming. The most suitable exercise regimen and the optimal duration of daily exercise (15 or 30 min) on motor activity and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Comparison of 15 and 30 min low-intensity treadmill regimens (10 m/min) revealed 30 min daily exercise was the optimal duration and had more favorable impacts on neurological and motor function. Furthermore, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of exercising for 15 and 30 min per day for either four or ten weeks; 30 min of daily exercise for ten weeks improved mitochondrial function, the antioxidant defense system, neurotrophic factors, and muscle mass, and thereby provided protection against dopaminergic neuron loss, and motor dysfunction in rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD. SIGNIFICANCE 30 min of daily low-intensity treadmill exercise over 10 weeks resulted in heightened mitochondrial function in both muscle and brain tissues, therefore, yielded a neuroprotective effect against the loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor dysfunction in PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chi Liao
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine and Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Ping Tsao
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 110, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Shih
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Rafie F, Rajizadeh MA, Shahbazi M, Pourranjbar M, Nekouei AH, Sheibani V, Peterson D. Effects of voluntary, and forced exercises on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102357. [PMID: 37393777 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Cognitive dysfunction represents a common and challenging non-motor symptom for people with Parkinson's disease. The number of neurotrophic proteins in the brain is critical in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. This research aims to compare the effects of two types of exercise, forced and voluntary, on spatial memory and learning and neurochemical factors (CDNF and BDNF). METHODS In this research, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): the control (CTL) group without exercise, the Parkinson's groups without and with forced (FE) and voluntary (VE) exercises, and the sham groups (with voluntary and forced exercise). The animals in the forced exercise group were placed on the treadmill for four weeks (five days a week). At the same time, voluntary exercise training groups were placed in a special cage equipped with a rotating wheel. At the end of 4 weeks, learning and spatial memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze test. BDNF and CDNF protein levels in the hippocampus were measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS The results showed that although the PD group without exercise was at a significantly lower level than other groups in terms of cognitive function and neurochemical factors, both types of exercise, could improve these problems. CONCLUSION According to our results, 4 weeks of voluntary and forced exercises were all found to reverse the cognitive impairments of PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Rafie
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of Physical Education & Exercise Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir H Nekouei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Daniel Peterson
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Pheonix VA Medical Center. Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Alghamdi AM, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Fatima F, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I. Rosinidin inhibits NF-κB/ Nrf2/caspase-3 expression and restores neurotransmitter levels in rotenone-activated Parkinson's disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103656. [PMID: 37187936 PMCID: PMC10176079 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The examination was sighted to study the preventive effects of rosinidin against rotenone-activated Parkinson's disease in rats. Methods Animals were randamoized into five groups: I-saline, II-rotenone (0.5 mg/kg/b.wt.), III- IV-10 and 20 mg/kg rosinidin after rotenone and V-20 mg/kg rosinidin per se for 28 days and were assigned for behavioral analysis., Biochemical parameters i.e. lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidants, nitrite level, neurotransmitter levels, proinflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin- 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa B, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and caspase-3 were assessed on the 29th day of the research. Results Rosinidin augmented the effectiveness of rotenone on akinesia, catalepsy, forced-swim test, rotarod, and open-field test. Biochemical findings indicated that treatment of rosinidin showed restoring neuroinflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, and neurotransmitter levels in rotenone-injected rats. Conclusion As a result of rosinidin treatment, the brain was protected from oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage and inhibited neuroinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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Rafie F, Khaksari M, Amiresmaili S, Soltani Z, Pourranjbar M, Shirazpour S, Jafari E. Protective effects of early exercise on neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity associated by traumatic brain injury: a behavioral and neurochemical approach. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36379667 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2144294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The benefits of exercise in TBI have been proven. However, the time-dependent effects of exercise initiation and the involved mechanisms are controversial. We investigated the effects of preconditioning, continuous, early, and delayed treadmill exercise on motor behavior, brain edema, inflammation, and oxidative stress in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 male rats were assigned into two groups: sedentary control (Sham and TBI) and exercise groups: 1MB (preconditioning, initiation beginning at 1 month before trauma), 1MBA (continuous, initiation beginning at 1 month before and continuing 1 month after trauma), 24hA (early, initiation beginning at 24 h after trauma), and 1WA (delay, initiation beginning at 1 week after trauma). The rats in exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill five days a week for 30 min per day. Rotarod and open file were used to assess motor behavior. ELISA was also used to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and CSF. RESULTS Exercise significantly decreased neurological impairments, motor deficits, and apoptosis compared with the sedentary group. Early (within 24 h) and ongoing (1 MBA) exercise significantly improved motor behavior after TBI. In addition, these exercise programs inhibited brain edema and the number of apoptotic cells. MDA and TNF-α levels increased in all exercise groups, but the effects were greater after early exercise than after delayed exercise, resulting in a significant decrease in TAC levels in serum and CSF. We discovered a positive correlation between MDA, TAC, and TNF-α concentration in serum and CSF. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that early exercise (24hA) and 1MBA groups afford neuroprotection and reduce the second injury consequence, probably by reducing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Rafie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourranjbar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Shirazpour
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center and Department of pathology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Feng Y, Zhou S, Sun J. Exercise increases striatal Glu reuptake and improves motor dysfunction in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease rats. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3277-3287. [PMID: 34463828 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify that exercise may improve the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease (PD) model rats by increasing the reuptake of glutamate (Glu) in the striatum. The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rats' right brain to establish PD model rats with unilateral injury, and the sham operation group was given the same dose of normal saline at the same site as the control group. The reliability of the model was evaluated by apomorphine (APO)-induced rotation test combined with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical staining in the substantia nigra and striatum. The exercise group started treadmill training intervention (11 m/min, 30 min/day, 5d/week, and 4 weeks in total) 1 week after the operation. The balance bar test, suspension test, and the tail-lifting handstand test were used to evaluate exercise performance of rats; RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect protein and mRNA expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in the striatum; and isotope labeling was used to detect the ability of Glu reuptake in the striatum. (1) Compared with PD group, the number of TH immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra and the content of TH immunoreactive fibers in the striatum did not change significantly in PD + Ex group. (2) Compared with PD group, the latency and total time of crossing the balance beam were significantly shorter (P < 0.01), the retention time of two forepaws on the metal wire was significantly longer (P < 0.01), the maximum lifting of head and trunk was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in PD + Ex group. (3) Compared with PD group, the ability of Glu reuptake in the striatum was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the expression levels of GLT-1 and GS mRNA in the striatum were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the protein expression of GLT-1 and GS in the striatum was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in PD + Ex group. Exercise intervention can significantly improve the motor dysfunction of PD model rats, increase the ability of striatal Glu reuptake significantly, and upregulate the expression levels of GLT-1 and GS protein and GS mRNA significantly. Exercise intervention may increase the protein expression level of GLT-1 and increase the reuptake ability of Glu in the striatum, thereby reducing the excitotoxic effect of excessive Glu on the postsynaptic membrane, and ultimately alleviate the motor dysfunction in PD model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Physical Education, Lvliang college, No.1 college road, lishi district, Luliang city, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Shifang Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Lvliang college, No.1 college road, lishi district, Luliang city, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang normal university, Urumqi city, Xinjiang province, China
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Soori S, Heirani A, Rafie F. Effects of the aerobic and Pilates exercises on mental health in inactive older women. J Women Aging 2021; 34:429-437. [PMID: 33998393 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1924576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of the Aerobic and Pilates exercises on mental health in inactive older women. Seventy-five inactive aged women were randomly divided into three groups (n = 25); aerobic (62.48 ± 2.87 years), Pilates (62.66 ± 1.68 years), and control group (63.80 ± 3.35 years). The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire assessed mental health. The exercise program was performed for 12 weeks. The results indicate that Pilates exercises are more valuable than aerobic training in depression (p ≤ .05). However, in other mental health components, the difference between the two exercise groups was not statistically significant. According to our results, physical activity, particularly Pilates and aerobic exercises, improves physical health and has a close correlation with the mental health of inactive older women. These results highlight the role of these physical exercise training in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Heirani
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Forouzan Rafie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical Science University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Chen P, Li X. Study on Effect of Striatal mGluR2/3 in Alleviating Motor Dysfunction in Rat PD Model Treated by Exercise Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:255. [PMID: 31632264 PMCID: PMC6783497 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise therapy has been widely applied in clinical rehabilitation as an important practical and side effect-free adjuvant therapy, with a significant effect in alleviating motor dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or animal PD models. This study focuses on the effect of exercise therapy in reducing the concentration of extracellular glutamate (Glu) in the striatum in a rat PD model by upregulating the expression of group II metabotropic Glu receptor (mGluR2/3), so as to alleviate motor dysfunction in the rat PD model. Methods: Neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rats to establish the semi-lateral cerebral damage PD model. The sham-operated group was given an equal amount of normal saline at the same site and taken as the control group. The apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational behavior test combined with immunohistochemical staining with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum was performed to assess the reliability of the model. The exercise group was given treadmill exercise intervention for 4 weeks (11 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) 1 week after the operation. The open field test (OFT) was performed to assess the locomotor activity of the rats; the Western blot technique was used to detect SNc TH and striatal mGluR2/3 protein expressions; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect striatal mGluR2 and mGluR3 mRNA expressions; the microdialysis-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted to detect the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons. Results: Compared with the control group, the number of rotations of each model group at the first week was significantly increased (P < 0.01); compared with the PD group, the number of rotations of the PD + exercise group at the third week and the fifth week was significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity of each model group at the first week were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); compared with the PD group, the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity of the PD + exercise group at the third week and the fifth week were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the count of immunopositive cells and protein expression of SNc TH, and the content of immunopositive fiber terminals in the striatal TH of each model group significantly declined (P < 0.01). Compared with the PD group, the striatal mGluR2/3 protein expression of the PD + exercise group significantly rose (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons of each model group at the first week significantly grew (P < 0.05); compared with the PD group, the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons of the PD + exercise group at the third week and the fifth week was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); compared with the PD + exercise group, the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons of the group injected with mGluR2/3 antagonist (RS)-1-amino-5-phosphonoindan-1-carboxylic acid (APICA) into the striatum at the third week and the fifth week was significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the striatal mGluR2/3 protein expression of the PD group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.01); compared with the PD group, the striatal mGluR2/3 protein expression of the PD + exercise group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the striatal mGluR3 mRNA expression of the PD group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.01); compared with the PD group, the striatal mGluR3 mRNA expression of the PD + exercise group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01); 6-OHDA damage and exercise intervention had no significant effect on the striatal mGluR2 mRNA expression (P > 0.05). Compared with the PD + exercise group, the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity of the PD + exercise + APICA group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); compared with the PD group, the PD + exercise + APICA group had no significant change in the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity (P > 0.05). Conclusion: These data collectively demonstrate that the mGluR2/3-mediated glutamatergic transmission in the striatum is sensitive to dopamine (DA) depletion and may serve as a target of exercise intervention for mediating the therapeutic effect of exercise intervention in a rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- College of Sport Science, JiShou Univerity, JiShou, China
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Sport Science, JiShou Univerity, JiShou, China
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Rafie F, Sheibani V, Shahbazi M, Naghdi N, Pourranjbar M, Sheikh M. The effects of voluntary exercise on learning and memory deficit in Parkinson’s disease model of rats. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rajizadeh MA, Esmaeilpour K, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Bejeshk MA, Shabani M, Nakhaee N, Ranjbar MP, Borzadaran FM, Sheibani V. Voluntary exercise impact on cognitive impairments in sleep-deprived intact female rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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