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Qolomany B, Calay TJ, Hossain L, Mulahuwaish A, Bou Abdo J. CCTFv2: Modeling Cyber Competitions. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:384. [PMID: 38785633 PMCID: PMC11119630 DOI: 10.3390/e26050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cyber competitions are usually team activities, where team performance not only depends on the members' abilities but also on team collaboration. This seems intuitive, especially given that team formation is a well-studied discipline in competitive sports and project management, but unfortunately, team performance and team formation strategies are rarely studied in the context of cybersecurity and cyber competitions. Since cyber competitions are becoming more prevalent and organized, this gap becomes an opportunity to formalize the study of team performance in the context of cyber competitions. This work follows a cross-validating two-approach methodology. The first is the computational modeling of cyber competitions using Agent-Based Modeling. Team members are modeled, in NetLogo, as collaborating agents competing over a network in a red team/blue team match. Members' abilities, team interaction and network properties are parametrized (inputs), and the match score is reported as output. The second approach is grounded in the literature of team performance (not in the context of cyber competitions), where a theoretical framework is built in accordance with the literature. The results of the first approach are used to build a causal inference model using Structural Equation Modeling. Upon comparing the causal inference model to the theoretical model, they showed high resemblance, and this cross-validated both approaches. Two main findings are deduced: first, the body of literature studying teams remains valid and applicable in the context of cyber competitions. Second, coaches and researchers can test new team strategies computationally and achieve precise performance predictions. The targeted gap used methodology and findings which are novel to the study of cyber competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Qolomany
- Cyber Systems Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
- School of Information Technology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Tristan J. Calay
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI 48710, USA
| | - Liaquat Hossain
- School of Computing, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Aos Mulahuwaish
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI 48710, USA
| | - Jacques Bou Abdo
- School of Information Technology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Hagum CN, Tønnessen E, Nesse MA, Shalfawi SAI. A Holistic Analysis of Team Dynamics Using Relational Coordination as the Measure regarding Student Athlete Total Load: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11050104. [PMID: 37234060 DOI: 10.3390/sports11050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its small population, Norway wins a disproportionately large number of medals in international competitions. Therefore, it has been thought that the Norwegian sports model and sports school programs are influential in developing young Norwegian athletes to achieve such results. Today, more than 110 Norwegian private and public schools offer the elite sports program in Norway. Most student athletes attending those schools combine their high school education with elite sports, where they attend training sessions at both school and clubs. The number of people involved with the student athlete on a daily basis (i.e., other student athletes, club coaches, school coaches, schoolteachers, parents, and health personnel) indicate the importance of optimal communication and coordination. However, to the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have explored communication and coordination among this population group. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to use a holistic analysis of team dynamics using the Relational Coordination Survey as a measure to explore the relational coordination within and between student athletes, club coaches, and school coaches. A secondary objective of this study was to explore student athletes', club coaches', and school coaches' relational coordination with schoolteachers, parents, and health personnel. In addition, the study aimed to explore differences in student athletes' relational coordination with their significant others according to sport, school, performance level, sex, and school year. METHODS The quality of relational coordination was measured by a cross-sectional questionnaire of student athletes (n = 345), club coaches (n = 42), and school coaches (n = 25) concerning training load and life load. Multiple one-way analyses of variance were used to assess differences between groups. RESULTS The results show that student athletes, club coaches, and school coaches perceived moderate to weak relational coordination with parents, schoolteachers, and health personnel. Student athletes' relational coordination score with parents was the only strong score observed. Furthermore, the results reveal notable differences in student athletes' relational coordination with the roles according to their characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a potential for enhancing relationships and communication within and between the significant roles involved with student athletes. The results further indicate that those involved with the student athlete should consider a holistic approach to enhance communication and coordination, including physical, psychological, and other life factors, for optimal student athlete management and development. More resources are necessary to facilitate effective communication and coordination regarding the student athlete's total load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Nyhus Hagum
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Espen Tønnessen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, 0107 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Aarrestad Nesse
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Shaher A I Shalfawi
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Filho E, Piasecki P, Groen M. Performance Recovery and Optimization for Teams (PRO-TEAMS): A Psychological Skills Training Program to Enhance Team Functioning. JOURNAL OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/21520704.2023.2186993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Filho
- Performance Recovery and Optimization Lab, Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Piotr Piasecki
- Performance Recovery and Optimization Lab, Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Filho E. Shared and Complementary Zones of Optimal Functioning (SZOF and CZOF): Theoretical Summary and Guidelines for Practice. JOURNAL OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21520704.2022.2135652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Filho
- Performance Recovery and Optimization (PRO) Center, Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Waseem M, Iqbal S, Khan K. Impact of project governance on project success, with mediating role of organizational support and project team cohesion. JOURNAL OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jfm-03-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine how project governance influences project success. According to the authors, such an effect is mediated by organizational support and project team cohesion. The direct and indirect effects of organizational support and project team cohesion provided helpful information. The authors’ objective is to contribute to the project management knowledge of how project team cohesion plays a significant role in project success.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 350 employees working in Pakistan’s oil and gas industry. Four prime oil and gas exploration companies were selected as samples based on their contribution to the revenue. SPSS v23 and AMOS v23 were used for constructing structural equation modeling and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects.
Findings
The results revealed that project governance is positively related to project success. Furthermore, organizational support and project team cohesion mediated the relationship between project governance and project success.
Originality/value
Team cohesion has been primarily a topic of interest in sports psychology literature, education and medical sciences. There is an expressed need to investigate team cohesion issues in the broad domain of organizational development, specifically the project management literature. This study contributed by discussing team cohesion in the project context. Second, project governance was investigated using the conservation of resources theory. The lens of intellectual capital was applied to examine intangible resources of project governance like rules, regulations and directives for project success.
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Shoji N, Hochi Y, Ohshiro T, Ono Y, Inoue M, Mizuno M. Utterances as Signals for Sharing Tacit Images in Collective Interaction. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:851568. [PMID: 35795596 PMCID: PMC9252309 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.851568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In ball games, individuals collaborate to enhance their team's performance by sharing images and ideas that have not been verbalized. One of a coach's roles is to ascertain whether players share a common understanding of their team's images so as to devise tactics. Accordingly, this study aimed to verify the hypothesis that sharing images such as tacit knowledge that has not been verbalized occurs in collective interaction when utterances increase substantially during problem-solving. The participants were 13 male university handball players whose teams were championship contenders in Japan. A mixed methods research design was employed. Scenes in which two groups engaged in problem-solving were recorded and data of each participant's utterances were obtained. The utterances were analyzed quantitatively by employing Smirnoff-Grubbs and the time periods including those with a substantial number of utterances were identified. What happened during the identified time periods verified as outliers including the high frequency utterances were analyzed qualitatively by employing consensual qualitative analysis. Finally, the results of the consensual qualitative analysis were used to examine statistically to determine whether specific events occurred during times of extreme high frequency utterances. The exact binomial test was used to determine the 95% confidence interval of the population ratio and the effect size (g) of the mother ratio (0.05) to determine whether non-verbalized images such as tacit knowledge were being shared among members. Of the 26 time periods, 22 were supported the hypothesis. Of the time periods with extremely high utterances, the population ratio of the time periods supporting the hypothesis was 0.846 (CI = 0.681-1.00, g = 0.80). The results revealed that tacit image sharing occurred when there were a substantial number of utterances. This study demonstrated the possibility that sharing images that have not been verbalized occurs in collective interaction when there is a hotspot of utterances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shoji
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Asahi University, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hochi
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohshiro
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health and Welfare Human Services, St. Catherine University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ono
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Motoki Inoue
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Motoki Mizuno
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
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Leo FM, Filho E, López-Gajardo MA, García-Calvo T, González-Ponce I. The Relationship among Intra-group Communication, Transactive Memory Systems, Collective Efficacy and Team Performance: A Structural Equation Model Analysis with Elite Footballers. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:599-606. [PMID: 35236232 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2049373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We explored the relationship among intra-group communication, collective efficacy, transactive memory systems and team performance. One hundred and seventy soccer players, aged between 14 and 38 years (M = 18.35, SD = 4.71), from eight national teams participated in this study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. First, our analysis revealed that intra-group communication was positively related to transactive memory systems. Second, transactive memory systems was positively associated with collective efficacy and team performance. Third, our analysis revealed that collective efficacy mediated the relationship between transactive memory systems and performance. Altogether, our findings advance the literature by highlighting the relationship among intra-group communication, collective efficacy, transactive memory systems and team performance team processes. From an applied perspective, our findings suggest that systemic interventions simultaneously targeting various team constructs are important to enhance team functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Leo
- Faculty of Teacher Training, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Av/ de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Edson Filho
- Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Two Silber Way, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Miguel A López-Gajardo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Av/ de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Av/ de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Inmaculada González-Ponce
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, Department of Psychology, Av/ de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
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Mariam S, Khawaja KF, Qaisar MN, Ahmad F. Knowledge-Oriented Leadership, Team Cohesion, and Project Success: A Conditional Mechanism. PROJECT MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/87569728211063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of knowledge-oriented leadership on project success via team cohesion and the moderating role of valuing people and project complexity on this relationship. We collected data from 121 project employees in Pakistan in a two-wave field survey at an interval of 15 days. The results showed a positive association between knowledge-oriented leadership and project success, and team cohesion partially mediated this relationship. Valuing people positively moderated the relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and team cohesion. Project complexity had a negative but insignificant moderating effect on project success. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Mariam
- Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Government Associate College, Rawalpindi Cantt., Pakistan
| | - Kausar Fiaz Khawaja
- Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Qaisar
- National Accountability Bureau, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
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Hallé Petiot G, Aquino R, da Silva DC, Barreira DV, Raab M. Contrasting Learning Psychology Theories Applied to the Teaching-Learning-Training Process of Tactics in Soccer. Front Psychol 2021; 12:637085. [PMID: 34017282 PMCID: PMC8129189 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in sport pedagogy and its applied recommendations are still characterized by a contrast between the different learning theories from psychology. Traditional theories and their corresponding approaches to the specific case of teaching and learning “how to play [team sports like soccer]” are subject to compatibilities and incompatibilities. We discuss how behaviorism as an approach to teaching the game shows more incompatibilities with the nature of tactical actions when compared to constructivism. As coaches strive to teach the game and make their players and team perform, we argue that teaching the game requires teaching approaches that will help develop their way to play (i.e., tactical behavior) without taking away their autonomy and adaptiveness. The teaching-learning-training process for playing the game should then be conducted to harmonize the characteristics of the contents, the context, and the individual(s) at hand. We provide two illustrated examples and portray how the recommended approaches fit key contents of the game that are observed in the tactical behavior. We finally argue that the coherent design of games provides minimal conditions to teaching approaches, and that such a design should be a priority when elaborating the learning activities along the player development process. As a conclusion, the interactionist theory is the one that best serves the teaching of the game and the development of tactical behavior. We therefore defend that its principles can help coaches tailor their own strategy to teach the game with the many tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- Department of Sports, Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Davi Correia da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Soccer Studies (LABESFUT), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Governador Ozanam Coelho (UNIFAGOC), Ubá, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vieira Barreira
- Center of Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Markus Raab
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Hoyle B, Taylor J, Zugic L, Filho E. Coordination Cost and Super-Efficiency in Teamwork: The Role of Communication, Psychological States, Cardiovascular Responses, and Brain Rhythms. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 45:323-341. [PMID: 32562032 PMCID: PMC7644465 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-020-09479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To advance knowledge on the psychophysiological markers of "coordination cost" in team settings, we explored differences in meta-communication patterns (i.e., silence, speaking, listening, and overlap), perceived psychological states (i.e., core affect, attention, efficacy beliefs), heart rate variability (i.e., RMSSD), and brain rhythms (i.e., alpha, beta and theta absolute power) across three studies involving 48 male dyads (Mage = 21.30; SD = 2.03). Skilled participants cooperatively played three consecutive FIFA-17 (Xbox) games in a dyad against the computer, or competed against the computer in a solo condition and a dyad condition. We observed that playing in a team, in contrast to playing alone, was associated with higher alpha peak and global efficiency in the brain and, at the same time, led to an increase in focused attention as evidenced by participants' higher theta activity in the frontal lobe. Moreover, we observed that overtime participants' brain dynamics moved towards a state of "neural-efficiency", characterized by increased theta and beta activity in the frontal lobe, and high alpha activity across the whole brain. Our findings advance the literature by demonstrating that (1) the notion of coordination cost can be captured at the neural level in the initial stages of team development; (2) by decreasing the costs of switching between tasks, teamwork increases both individuals' attentional focus and global neural efficiency; and (3) communication dynamics become more proficient and individuals' brain patterns change towards neural efficiency over time, likely due to team learning and decreases in intra-team conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hoyle
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building 114, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
- Social Interaction and Performance Science (SINAPSE) Lab, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Jamie Taylor
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building 114, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Luca Zugic
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building 114, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
- Social Interaction and Performance Science (SINAPSE) Lab, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Edson Filho
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Darwin Building 114, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
- Social Interaction and Performance Science (SINAPSE) Lab, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
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Shared Zones of Optimal Functioning: A Framework to Capture Peak Performance, Momentum, Psycho–Bio–Social Synchrony, and Leader–Follower Dynamics in Teams. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
By bridging the literature on shared mental models and the individual zones of optimal functioning, the author advances a new framework called the shared zones of optimal functioning. The shared zones of optimal functioning is a probabilistic methodology designed to (a) capture optimal and suboptimal performance experiences in teams, (b) track team momentum through the analysis of within-team performance fluctuations, and (c) estimate within-team psycho–bio–social synchrony and leader–follower dynamics (i.e., leader–follower dichotomy, shared leadership). To test the shared zones of optimal functioning framework, three dyadic juggling teams were asked to juggle for 60 trials, while having their performance, arousal, pleasantness, and attentional levels recorded. Ordinal logistic regression, frequency counts, and cross-correlation analyses revealed that each team showed idiosyncratic affective and attentional levels linked to optimal performance, team momentum patterns, and leader–follower dynamics. The implications of these findings for the development of high-performing teams and specific avenues of future research are discussed throughout.
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