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Günthardt-Goerg MS, Schläpfer R, Vollenweider P. Responses to Airborne Ozone and Soilborne Metal Pollution in Afforestation Plants with Different Life Forms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3011. [PMID: 37631222 PMCID: PMC10458031 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
With the current increases in environmental stress, understanding species-specific responses to multiple stress agents is needed. This science is especially important for managing ecosystems that are already confronted with considerable pollution. In this study, responses to ozone (O3, ambient daily course values + 20 ppb) and mixed metal contamination in soils (MC, cadmium/copper/lead/zinc = 25/1100/2500/1600 mg kg-1), separately and in combination, were evaluated for three plant species (Picea abies, Acer pseudoplatanus, Tanacetum vulgare) with different life forms and ecological strategies. The two treatments elicited similar stress reactions, as shown by leaf functional traits, gas exchange, tannin, and nutrient markers, irrespective of the plant species and life form, whereas the reactions to the treatments differed in magnitude. Visible and microscopic injuries at the organ or cell level appeared along the penetration route of ozone and metal contamination. At the whole plant level, the MC treatment caused more severe injuries than the O3 treatment and few interactions were observed between the two stress factors. Picea trees, with a slow-return strategy, showed the highest stress tolerance in apparent relation to an enhancement of conservative traits and an exclusion of stress agents. The ruderal and more acquisitive Tanacetum forbs translocated large amounts of contaminants above ground, which may be of concern in a phytostabilisation context. The deciduous Acer trees-also with an acquisitive strategy-were most sensitive to both stress factors. Hence, species with slow-return strategies may be of particular interest for managing metal-polluted sites in the current context of multiple stressors and for safely confining soil contaminants below ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;
| | - Rodolphe Schläpfer
- EPFL ENAC IIE Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, GR B2 407 Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;
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2
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Fernandes FF, Moura BB. Foliage visible injury in the tropical tree species, Astronium graveolens is strictly related to phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41726-41735. [PMID: 33791962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the development of visible injury related to phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy) in native tropical species Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) and validates the symptoms using structural markers attributed to oxidative burst and hypersensitive responses. Increasing POD0 was associated with increasing O3 visible injury using different metrics as the incidence (INC = number of injured plants/total number of plants × 100), severity (SF = number of injured leaves/total number of leaves on injured plant × 100), and severity leaflet (SFL = number of injured leaflets/total number leaflets injured plant × 100). The effective dose (ED), which represents the POD0 dose responsible for inducing 20 (ED20), 50 (ED50), or 80% (ED80) of visible injury, were used to demonstrate that for this species, the response is similar even when the plants are exposed to diverse climate environments. Further investigation of the INC and SF index may help in long-term forest monitoring sites dedicated to O3 assessment in forests, while the SFL index seems to be an excellent indicator to be used in the short term to investigate the effects of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Baesso Moura
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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da Silva Pedrosa G, de Oliveira DP, Bison JVS, Bugarelli RM, Cruz LS, de Souza SR. Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Emission of Brazilian Atlantic Tree Grown Under Elevated Ozone in Ambient Controlled and Field Conditions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:958-966. [PMID: 33226442 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Croton floribundus (L.) Spreng trees were exposed to accumulated ozone (O3) levels under laboratory and field conditions and monitored the foliar visible symptoms and BVOC emissions. Plants exposed to O3 in the laboratory presented more substantial damage and significant increase in the BVOC emissions than plants in the field. Caryophyllene and 3-hexen-1-ol emissions were significantly increased in plants exposed to O3 in the laboratory. Under field conditions, methyl salicylate (MeSA) was the majority compound emitted. A positive correlation among the meteorological conditions, O3 and MeSA emission was observed in the field conditions, which may represent a mechanism of tolerance by C. floribundus to deal with long-term exposure to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle da Silva Pedrosa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Debora Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01061-970, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Josiane Valéria Soares Bison
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01061-970, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Marcondes Bugarelli
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01061-970, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Luciano Soares Cruz
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
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Bison JV, Cardoso-Gustavson P, de Moraes RM, da Silva Pedrosa G, Cruz LS, Freschi L, de Souza SR. Volatile organic compounds and nitric oxide as responses of a Brazilian tropical species to ozone: the emission profile of young and mature leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3840-3848. [PMID: 29178001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The emission profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitric oxide (NO) in young and mature leaves of Croton floribundus was assessed in plants exposed to filtered air (FA) and ozone-enriched filtered air (FA+O3). After the period of exposure, leaves were enclosed in polyethylene terephthalate bags and VOCs were collected in young and mature leaves. Both young and mature leaves constitutively emitted the same VOC, but the concentrations were higher in young leaves. O3 exposure induced the emission of sesquiterpenes (mainly β-caryophyllene) known as antioxidant compounds that may scavenge O3. Young leaves were the highest emitters of sesquiterpenes. O3 induced a rapid accumulation of NO in different tissues and leaf developmental stages; this accumulation was marked in palisade and spongy parenchyma cells in young and mature leaves, respectively. O3 altered the levels of the signaling compound methyl salicylate (MeSA). Moreover, our data showed that NO together with VOC emissions, such as geranyl acetate, α-cadiene, trans-farnesol, cis-β-farnesene, and MeSA, participate of plant defense mechanisms against the oxidative damage caused by O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Valéria Bison
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria de Moraes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Giselle da Silva Pedrosa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnociências, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Luciano Soares Cruz
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ribeiro de Souza
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil.
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Moura BB, Alves ES, Marabesi MA, de Souza SR, Schaub M, Vollenweider P. Ozone affects leaf physiology and causes injury to foliage of native tree species from the tropical Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:912-925. [PMID: 28830051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In southern Brazil, the recent increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations poses an additional threat to the biodiverse but endangered and fragmented remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Given the mostly unknown sensitivity of tropical species to oxidative stress, the principal objective of this study was to determine whether the current O3 levels in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), downwind of São Paulo, affect the native vegetation of forest remnants. Foliar responses to O3 of three tree species typical of the MRC forests were investigated using indoor chamber exposure experiments under controlled conditions and a field survey. Exposure to 70ppb O3 reduced assimilation and leaf conductance but increased respiration in Astronium graveolens while gas exchange in Croton floribundus was little affected. Both A. graveolens and Piptadenia gonoacantha developed characteristic O3-induced injury in the foliage, similar to visible symptoms observed in >30% of trees assessed in the MRC, while C. floribundus remained asymptomatic. The underlying structural symptoms in both O3-exposed and field samples were indicative of oxidative burst, hypersensitive responses, accelerated cell senescence and, primarily in field samples, interaction with photo-oxidative stress. The markers of O3 stress were thus mostly similar to those observed in other regions of the world. Further research is needed, to estimate the proportion of sensitive forest species, the O3 impact on tree growth and stand stability and to detect O3 hot spots where woody species in the Atlantic Forest are mostly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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6
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Fernandes FF, Cardoso-Gustavson P, Alves ES. Synergism between ozone and light stress: structural responses of polyphenols in a woody Brazilian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:573-582. [PMID: 27155473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic studies on isolated ozone (O3) effects or on those in synergy with light stress commonly report the induction of polyphenols that exhibit different aspects within the vacuole of photosynthesizing cells. It has been assumed that these different aspects are randomly spread in the symptomatic (injured) regions of the leaf blade. Interestingly, secretory ducts that constitutively produce polyphenols also exhibit these same variations in their vacuolar aspect, in a spatial sequence related to the destiny of these cells (e.g., programmed cell death (PCD) in lytic secretion processes). Here, we demonstrate that the deposition pattern of polyphenols prior to the establishment of the hypersensitive-like response, a type of PCD caused by O3, follows the same one observed in the epithelial cells of the constitutive lysigenous secretory ducts. Astronium graveolens, an early secondary Brazilian woody species, was selected based on its susceptibility to high light and presence of secretory ducts. The synergism effects were assessed by exposing plants to the high O3 concentrations at an urban site in São Paulo City. Confocal, widefield and light microscopies were used to examine polyphenols' occurrence and aspects. The spatial pattern of polyphenols distribution along the leaflets of plants submitted to the synergism condition, in which a dense vacuolar aspect is the target of a cell destined to death, was also observed in the constitutive secretory cells prior to lysis. This similar structural pattern may be a case of homology of process involving both the constitutive (secretory ducts) and the induced (photosynthesizing cells) defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Faia Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, 04301-902, SP, Brazil.
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 03, Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, Brazil.
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, 04301-902, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Granato D, Santos JS, Maciel LG, Nunes DS. Chemical perspective and criticism on selected analytical methods used to estimate the total content of phenolic compounds in food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Cassimiro JC, Moraes RM. Responses of a tropical tree species to ozone: visible leaf injury, growth, and lipid peroxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8085-90. [PMID: 26780049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian native tree species Astronium graveolens was indicated as sensitive to ozone in a fumigation experiment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how sensitive A. graveolens is to ozone under realistic conditions in the field. Eighteen saplings were exposed to ozone in a contaminated area and in a greenhouse with filtered air during two exposure periods of approximately 63 days each (March-May 2012 and September-October 2012). Leaf injury was analyzed by means of its incidence and severity, the leaf injury index (LII) and the progression of leaf abscission. These variables were monitored weekly, whereas growth and lipid peroxidation were monitored monthly. Plants exposed to ozone showed significant growth decrease and visible leaf injury increase, but lipid peroxidation and leaf abscission remained unchanged. These results indicated that plants subjected to ozone possibly diverted energy from growth to the production of antioxidants necessary to cope with ozone-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina M Moraes
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Maamar B, Maatoug M, Iriti M, Dellal A, Ait hammou M. Physiological effects of ozone exposure on De Colgar and Rechaiga II tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12124-32. [PMID: 25877902 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, Rechaiga II and De Colgar, to 50, 80, and 100 ppb ozone (O3) exposures was assessed in fumigation chamber, during 4 h per day over a period of 7 days. The Rechaiga II variety was shown to be sensitive to the dose of 50 ppb, showing chlorotic spots on the adaxial leaf surface and alterations of some physiological parameters. During 1-week fumigation, ozone caused a decrease in stomatal conductance, chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophylls, and carotenoids, although soluble sugars and membrane integrity were significantly increased in fumigated plants compared to controls. This trend was similar for the three pollutant doses used in fumigation. The De Colgar tomato remained asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchohra Maamar
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition on Semi-arid Areas, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ibn khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria,
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10
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Domingos M, Bulbovas P, Camargo CZS, Aguiar-Silva C, Brandão SE, Dafré-Martinelli M, Dias APL, Engela MRGS, Gagliano J, Moura BB, Alves ES, Rinaldi MCS, Gomes EPC, Furlan CM, Figueiredo AMG. Searching for native tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 202:85-95. [PMID: 25818087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes the first effort to search for bioindicator tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of potential mixed pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil. Leaves of the three most abundant species inventoried in a phytosociological survey (Croton floribundus, Piptadenia gonoacantha and Astronium graveolens) were collected in four forest remnants during winter and summer (2012). Their potential bioindicator attributes were highlighted using a screening of morphological, chemical and biochemical markers. The leaf surface structure and/or epicuticular wax composition pointed the accumulator properties of C. floribundus and P. gonoacantha. C. floribundus is a candidate for assessing potential accumulation of Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, S and Zn. P. gonoacantha is a candidate to monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Increased levels of secondary metabolites and decreased antioxidant capacity in leaves of A. graveolens may support its value as a bioindicator for oxidative pollutants by visible dark stipplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Bulbovas
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Z S Camargo
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Solange E Brandão
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula L Dias
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Janayne Gagliano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara B Moura
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edenise S Alves
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo P C Gomes
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Furlan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria G Figueiredo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN - SP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pedroso ANV, Alves ES. Temporal dynamics of the cellular events in tobacco leaves exposed in São Paulo, Brazil, indicate oxidative stress by ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6535-45. [PMID: 25563833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel-W3' is widely used as an ozone bioindicator species, showing typical necrosis preceded by microscopic markers of oxidative stress. This study aimed to follow the development of symptoms in tobacco exposed in São Paulo highlighting the temporal dynamics of the cellular events. Leaves with and without necrosis were processed according to standard techniques for anatomical analyses. Leaves from the site with higher SUM00 presented thinner palisade parenchyma, fewer layers of spongy parenchyma, higher stomatal density, clusters of vessel elements in the midrib, erosion of cuticular waxes and stomatal damage. The sequence of microscopic events from the third day of exposure were condensation of the cytoplasm in parenchyma tissue, sinuosity of anticlinal walls, pectinaceous cell wall protrusions, chromatin condensation and changes in chlorophyll autofluorescence. On the 14th day of exposure, these events finally led to cell death in the palisade parenchyma and necrosis on the leaf. The markers observed indicated oxidative stress caused by ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nunes Vaz Pedroso
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Caixa Postal 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
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12
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Moura BB, Alves ES. Climatic factors influence leaf structure and thereby affect the ozone sensitivity of Ipomoea nil 'Scarlet O'Hara'. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 194:11-16. [PMID: 25078660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity of the leaves can interfere with the plant sensitivity to ozone (O3) toxic effect. This study aimed to assess whether the leaf structure of Ipomoea nil changes due to climatic variations and whether these changes affect the species' sensitivity. Field exposures, in different seasons (winter and spring) were made. The leaves that developed during the winter were thinner, with a lower proportion of photosynthetic tissues, higher proportion of intercellular spaces and lower density and stomatal index compared to those developed during the spring. The temperature and relative humidity positively influenced the leaf thickness and stomatal index. The visible injuries during winter were positively correlated with the palisade parenchyma thickness and negatively correlated with the percentage of spongy parenchyma; during the spring, the symptoms were positively correlated with the stomatal density. In conclusion, the leaf structure of I. nil varied among the seasons, interfering in its sensitivity to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Moura
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edenise S Alves
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Moura BB, Alves ES, de Souza SR, Domingos M, Vollenweider P. Ozone phytotoxic potential with regard to fragments of the Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest downwind of Sao Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:65-73. [PMID: 24892227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), Brazil, high levels of primary pollutants contribute to ozone (O3) formation. However, little is known regarding the O3 effects in the tropics. Objectives in this study were to characterize the present levels of O3 pollution and to evaluate the relevance of current concentration-based indices for assessing the phytotoxic potential of O3. Changes in O3 concentrations and precursors at 5 monitoring stations within towns of MRC were analyzed. The daily O3 profile was typical for urban sites and showed little yearly variation. Given the permanently foliated forest canopy, yearly rather than seasonal O3 indices were thus more appropriate for estimating the effective ozone dose. With yearly SUM00, SUM60 and AOT40 of 156, 16 and 14 ppm h and confirmed by evidence of O3 injury in foliage, oxidative stress in the MRC has reached levels high enough to affect trees from the Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Moura
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edenise S Alves
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia R de Souza
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Cardoso-Gustavson P, Bolsoni VP, de Oliveira DP, Guaratini MTG, Aidar MPM, Marabesi MA, Alves ES, de Souza SR. Ozone-induced responses in Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae): metabolic cross-talk between volatile organic compounds and calcium oxalate crystal formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105072. [PMID: 25165889 PMCID: PMC4148241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we proposed that volatile organic compounds (VOC), specifically methyl salicylate (MeSA), mediate the formation of calcium oxalate crystals (COC) in the defence against ozone (O3) oxidative damage. We performed experiments using Croton floribundus, a pioneer tree species that is tolerant to O3 and widely distributed in the Brazilian forest. This species constitutively produces COC. We exposed plants to a controlled fumigation experiment and assessed biochemical, physiological, and morphological parameters. O3 induced a significant increase in the concentrations of constitutive oxygenated compounds, MeSA and terpenoids as well as in COC number. Our analysis supported the hypothesis that ozone-induced VOC (mainly MeSA) regulate ROS formation in a way that promotes the opening of calcium channels and the subsequent formation of COC in a fast and stable manner to stop the consequences of the reactive oxygen species in the tissue, indeed immobilising the excess calcium (caused by acute exposition to O3) that can be dangerous to the plant. To test this hypothesis, we performed an independent experiment spraying MeSA over C. floribundus plants and observed an increase in the number of COC, indicating that this compound has a potential to directly induce their formation. Thus, the tolerance of C. floribundus to O3 oxidative stress could be a consequence of a higher capacity for the production of VOC and COC rather than the modulation of antioxidant balance. We also present some insights into constitutive morphological features that may be related to the tolerance that this species exhibits to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Alexandre Marabesi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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