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Straccia C VG, Blanco MB, Teruel MA. Hydroxy esters atmospheric degradation: OH and Cl reactivity, products distribution and fate of the alkoxy radicals formed. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139726. [PMID: 37543227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic studies of the reaction of ethyl glycolate HOCH2C(O)OCH2CH3 with OH radicals (kOH) and Cl atoms (kCl) have been conducted by the relative method using a glass atmospheric reactor by "in situ" Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography equipped with flame ionization detection by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (GC-FID/SPME) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The following relative rate coefficients were determined using several reference compounds and two different techniques: kEG + OH-FTIR = (4.36 ± 1.21) × 10-12; kEG + OH-GC-FID= (3.90 ± 0.74) × 10-12; and kEG + Cl-GC-FID= (6.40 ± 0.72) × 10-11 all values in units of cm3.molecule-1.s-1. Complementary product studies were performed under comparable conditions to the kinetic tests, in order to identify the reaction products and to postulate their tropospheric oxidation mechanisms. The reaction of OH radicals and Cl atoms with ethyl glycolate initiates via H-atom abstraction from alkyl groups of the molecule. Formic acid was positively identified as a reaction product by FTIR. On the other hand, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glycolic acid; and formic acid were identified by the GC-MS technique. The Structure-Activity Relationship, (SAR) calculations were also implemented to estimate the more favorable reaction pathways and compare them with the products identified. Tropospheric lifetimes of τOH = 34 h and τCl = 5.5 days were estimated to determine how these investigated reactions might affect the air quality. In this sense, average ozone production of [O3] = 0.75 and a Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential, POCP, of 38 were calculated for the hydroxyl ester studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianni G Straccia C
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María B Blanco
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, DE-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mariano A Teruel
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Mondal K, Rajakumar B. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Reactions of Formyl (HCO) Radicals in the Gas Phase: (I) Kinetics of HCO Radicals with Ethyl Formate and Ethyl Acetate in Tropospherically Relevant Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6135-6147. [PMID: 36054843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Formyl (HCO) radicals were generated in situ in the gas phase via the photolysis of glyoxal in N2 at 248 nm using the pulsed laser photolysis-cavity ring-down spectrometry technique, and the absorption cross-section of the radical was measured to be σHCO = (5.3 ± 0.9) × 10-19 cm2 molecule-1 at 298 K and 615.75 nm, which was the probing wavelength. The kinetics of the reactions of HCO radicals with ethyl formate (EF) and ethyl acetate (EA) were investigated experimentally in the temperature range of 260-360 (±2) K at a pressure of 60 Torr/N2. The absolute rate coefficient for the reaction between HCO and EF was measured to be kHCO+EFExpt(298 K) = (1.39 ± 0.30) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at ambient temperature, whereas that for the reaction of HCO with EA was measured tobe kHCO+EATheory(298 K) = (2.05 ± 0.43) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The reaction of HCO with EA was faster than that with EF, which might be due to the greater stability of the formed radical intermediate due to hyperconjugative and inductive effects. The dependency of the measured kinetics on experimental pressures and laser fluences was examined within a certain range. To complement the experiments, kinetics of the title reactions in the temperature range of 200-400 K were deciphered theoretically via the canonical variational transition-state theory with small-curvature tunneling and interpolated single-point energy (CVT/SCT/ISPE) method using a dual-level approach at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory/basis set. A good degree of agreement was detected between the rate coefficients measured experimentally and those calculated theoretically both at room temperature and throughout the range of temperatures studied. The kinetic branching ratios and thermochemistry of the reactions were investigated to understand the thermodynamic feasibility and kinetic lability of each pathway throughout the studied temperatures. Atmospheric implications of these reactions of HCO radicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Balla Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.,Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
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Zhang C, Yang C, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Insight into the photochemistry of atmospheric oxalate through hourly measurements in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137416. [PMID: 32145492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxalate-iron is an integral part of the photochemical system in the atmosphere. Here, we combined high-resolution online observations and laboratory simulations to discuss the distribution of oxalate and oxalate-iron photochemical system in Nanjing atmosphere at the molecular level. The results show that the oxidation state of iron in the oxalate-iron photochemical system changes significantly and regularly. Among them, Fe (II)/Fe (III) is 3.82 during the day and 0.76 at night. At the same time, Cl- may accelerate the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the system and promote the photooxidation rate of oxalate. Oxalate can be converted into formate (C1) and acetate (C2) in the photochemical system, but <4% of degraded oxalate is converted, which means that the photochemical system may not be the main source of formate and acetate in the atmosphere. Besides, the ratio of C1/C2 < 1 in the conversion is opposite to the ratio of C1/C2 > 1 in the general secondary conversion, which means that not all ratio of C1/C2 in the photochemical pathway is >1. These results are beneficial for us to understand the effect of the oxalate-iron photochemical system on the distribution of oxalate in the atmosphere, and also help us to analyze the conversion of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Kaipara R, Rajakumar B. Photooxidation Reactions of Ethyl 2-Methylpropionate (E2MP) and Ethyl 2,2-Dimethylpropionate (E22DMP) Initiated by OH Radicals: An Experimental and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2768-2784. [PMID: 32207979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relative rate (RR) technique was used for the measurement of OH-initiated photooxidation reactions of ethyl 2-methylpropionate (E2MP) and ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropionate (E22DMP) in the temperature range of 268-363 K at 760 Torr. In addition to this, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the title reactions were theoretically investigated using CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory in the temperature range of 200-400 K using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) in combination with small curvature tunneling (SCT) method. The rate coefficients at (298 ± 2) K were measured to be kE2MP+OH = (2.71 ± 0.79) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and kE22DMP+OH = (2.58 ± 0.80) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The degradation mechanisms for the title reactions were investigated in the presence of O2 using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR). From the recognized products, the possible product degradation mechanisms were predicted. In addition to this, the atmospheric lifetimes (ALs), lifetime-corrected radiative forcing (RF), global warming potential (GWPs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) were calculated to further understand the environmental impact of these molecules on the Earth's troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Kaipara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - B Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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Kaipara R, Rajakumar B. Cl-Initiated Photo-oxidation Studies of Methyl Valerate and Methyl Isovalerate under Tropospherically Relevant Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2515-2529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Kaipara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Lin X, Li Z, Yu Y, Chen J, Meng Q, Zhang H, Shan X, Liu F, Sheng L. Investigation into reactions of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate with chlorine atom. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:263-269. [PMID: 30640009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactions between chlorine and unsaturated esters in gas phase are examined in a slow-flow reaction tube inside the laboratory-built photoionization mass spectrometer at the energy range of 8-11 eV. 248 nm laser radiation is used to initiate the reaction. Products are distinguished, C5H8O2Cl for addition, and C5H7O2, C5H7O2Cl and C5H9O2Cl for abstraction. The direct or indirect products are detected, indicating secondary reactions. And experimental ionization potentials are procured for direct adducts of methyl methacrylate to be 8.30 eV and for that of ethyl acrylate to be 9.95 eV which are well consistent with theoretical ionization potentials of likely isomers. Theoretical reaction channels are also accounted for, optimized under M06-2X/6-31 + G(d,p) level and ionization potentials of products are calculated under M06-2X/6-31 + G(d,p) level also. Differences between experimental and theoretical details are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yepeng Yu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qinghui Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaobin Shan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Liusi Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Mahmoud MAM, El-Demerdash SH, Gogary TMEL, El-Nahas AM. Oxidation of Methyl Propanoate by the OH Radical. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang S, Du L, Zhu J, Tsona NT, Liu S, Wang Y, Ge M, Wang W. Gas-Phase Oxidation of Allyl Acetate by O 3, OH, Cl, and NO 3: Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1600-1611. [PMID: 29388423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allyl acetate (AA) is widely used as monomer and intermediate in industrial chemicals synthesis. To evaluate the atmospheric outcome of AA, kinetics and mechanism of its gas-phase reaction with main atmospheric oxidants (O3, OH, Cl, and NO3) have been investigated in a Teflon reactor at 298 ± 3 K. Both absolute and relative rate methods were used to determine the rate constants for AA reactions with the four atmospheric oxidants. The obtained rate constants (in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1) are (1.8 ± 0.3) × 10-18, (3.1 ± 0.7) × 10-11, (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10-10, and (1.1 ± 0.4) × 10-14, for reactions with O3, OH, Cl, and NO3, respectively. While results for reactions with O3, OH and Cl are in good agreement with previous studies, the kinetics for the reaction with NO3 is reported for the first time in this study. On the basis of determined rate constants, the tropospheric lifetimes of AA are τO3 = 9 days, τOH = 5 h, τCl = 5 days, τNO3 = 2 days. On the basis of the products study, reaction mechanisms for these oxidations have been proposed and the reaction products were detected using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the main products formed in these reactions are carbonyl compounds. In particular, 2-oxoethyl acetate was detected in all four AA oxidation reactions. Compared to previous studies, several new products were determined for reactions with OH and Cl. These results form a set of comprehensive kinetic data for AA reactions with main atmospheric oxidants and provide a better understanding of the degradation and atmospheric outcome of unsaturated acetate esters in the troposphere, during both daytime and nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
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Czekner J, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL, Meloni G. Study of low temperature chlorine atom initiated oxidation of methyl and ethyl butyrate using synchrotron photoionization TOF-mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5785-5794. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial oxidation products of methyl butyrate (MB) and ethyl butyrate (EB) are studied using a time- and energy-resolved photoionization mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- University of San Francisco, Department of Chemistry
- San Francisco
- USA
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- University of San Francisco, Department of Chemistry
- San Francisco
- USA
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Zhang W, Sun H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Wang F, Tang S, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang R. Mechanistic and kinetic study on the reaction of ozone and trans-2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:329-340. [PMID: 26921586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces for the atmospheric ozonation of trans-2-chlorovnyldichloroarsine (lewisite) are investigated theoretically. Optimizations of the reactants, products, intermediates and transition states are carried out at the BHandHLYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. Single point energy calculations are performed at the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) level based on the optimized structures. The detailed mechanism is presented and discussed. Various possible H (or Cl)-abstraction and C (or As)-addition/elimination pathways are considered. The results show that the As-addition/elimination is more energetically favorable than the other mechanisms. Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory is used to compute the rate constants over the possible atmospheric temperature range of 200-3000 K and the pressure range of 10(-8)-10(9) Torr. The calculated rate constant is in good agreement with the available experimental data. The total rate coefficient shows positive temperature dependence and pressure independence. The modified three-parameter Arrhenius expressions for the total rate coefficient and individual rate coefficients are represented. Calculation results show that major product is CHClCHAs(OOO)Cl2 (s-IM3) at the temperature below 600 K and O2 + CHClCHAsOCl2 (s-P9) play an important role at the temperature between 600 and 3000 K. Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations indicate that CHCl(OOO)CHAsCl2 (s-IM3) and CHOAsCl2 (s-P5) can take photolysis easily in the sunlight. Due to the absence of spectral information for arsenide, computational vibrational spectra of the important intermediates and products are also analyzed to provide valuable evidence for subsequent experimental identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Yunju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoinduced Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
| | - Fengdi Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Shuwei Tang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Chemical Defense Research Institute of Beijing, Beijing, 102205, PR China.
| | - Rongshun Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Road 5268, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China.
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Jiménez E, Tapiador FJ, Sáez-Martínez FJ. Atmospheric pollutants in a changing environment: key issues in reactivity and monitoring, global warming, and health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4789-4792. [PMID: 25430009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain,
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