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González-Castro MJ, Uribe-Ares J, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Beceiro-González E. Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of plastic additives in seawater. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38404245 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) prior to high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed to determine seven additives from the plastics industry (butylated hydroxytoluene, diisodecyl phthalate, irgafos 168, lawsone, quercetin, triclosan and vitamin E) in seawater samples. These compounds can reach seawater due to direct discharge from wastewater treatment plants and leaching from plastics and microplastics. The extraction was performed using 25 mL of seawater, 500 μL of 1-octanol (extraction solvent) and a stirring step instead of dispersive solvent. Additive concentrations were determined by LC-DAD on a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid aqueous solution (pH 3.5) by gradient elution. The analytical recoveries ranged from 82 to 93% for all compounds, except for lawsone (60%). Repeatability and intermediate precision were adequate with RSD < calculated values following the Horwitz equation at the concentration levels evaluated (0.06 and 0.24 mg L-1). All additives exhibited linear matrix calibration curves (R2 > 0.99). Detection limits ranged from 0.009 to 0.028 mg L-1 and quantification limits ranged from 0.027 to 0.084 mg L-1. Finally, the application of the method to real samples verified the method as accurate and applicable to seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González-Castro
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Jaime Uribe-Ares
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Elisa Beceiro-González
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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Katsumata H, Kawanishi T, Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Kaneco S. Mixed Hemimicelles Solid phase Extraction of Atrazine and Simazine from Environmental Water Samples Using Alumina-Coated Magnetite Composite Material. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Farajzadeh MA, Kiavar L, Pezhhanfar S. Development of a method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by partial vaporization of the extract for ultra-preconcentration of some pesticide residues in fruit juices. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462427. [PMID: 34332315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new simple and efficient method has been developed for the ultra-preconcentration of multiclass pesticide residues including penconazole, chlorpyrifos, ametryn, clodinafop-propargyl, diniconazole, oxadiazon, and fenpropathrin from some fruit juice samples based on evaporation of the sedimented organic phase obtained from dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The enriched target analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. In the microextraction procedure, a mixture of iso-propanol as a disperser and 1,2-dibromoethane as an extraction solvent is quickly injected into an aqueous phase containing the analytes and centrifuged. Afterward, the sedimented phase is transferred into a special shaped vaporization vessel and vaporized with nitrogen gas stream until remaining about 2 µL of it. Eventually, 1 µL of the remained sedimented phase is removed and analyzed by separation system. The optimum extraction and disperser solvents were found to be 1,2-dibromoethane and iso-propanol, respectively. In addition, the optimum pH range was 6-8, and nitrogen gas stream at a flow rate of 90 mL min-1 in a downward oriented vessel was applied. Eventually, the limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the ranges of 45-78 and 149-261 ng L-1, respectively. Relative standard deviations at the concentrations of 300, 500 and 1000 ng L-1 of each analyte were ranged between 2.2% and 5.8% for intra-day (n = 6) precision. Inter-day (n = 3) precision at a concentration of 500 ng L-1 of each analyte was obtained in the range of 4.9-7.1%. In addition, enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were ranged from 1382-2246 and 55-89%, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully utilized in analysis of the target pesticides in the selected juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Laleh Kiavar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sakha Pezhhanfar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Beceiro-González E, González-Castro MJ, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. A Simple Method for the Determination of Triazines from Seawater in Accordance with the Directive 2013/39/EU. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:332-336. [PMID: 32556692 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the Directive 2013/39/EU included terbutryn to the list of priority substances of all water bodies, a previous method based on dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) for the determination of triazines in seawater has been modified. The main change consisted on the use of tandem mass spectrometry instead of diode array as detection technique. Due to the higher sensitivity of mass detector, sample volume was reduced and extraction solvent volume was optimized. The optimum extraction conditions were 5 mL of sample, 50 µL of 1-octanol and an agitation step instead of disperser solvent. The obtained analytical recoveries (73%-101% with relative standard deviations below 4%) meeting the requirements. The limits of quantification (between 0.016 and 0.021 µg L-1) were more than 10 times lower than the limit set by the European Directive 2013/39/EU for terbutryn (0.34 µg L-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of the target compounds in seawater samples from A Coruña (Galicia, NW of Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Beceiro-González
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María José González-Castro
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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Magnetic effervescence tablet-assisted switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Simultaneous Determination of Three Herbicides in Honey Samples Using an Aqueous Biphasic System Coupled with HPLC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Garcia-Alonso S, Perez-Pastor RM. Organic Analysis of Environmental Samples Using Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array and Fluorescence Detectors: An Overview. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:29-49. [PMID: 30925844 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1570461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This overview is focused to provide an useful guide of the families of organic pollutants that can be determined by liquid chromatography operating in reverse phase and ultraviolet/fluorescence detection. Eight families have been classified as the main groups to be considered: carbonyls, carboxyls, aromatics, phenols, phthalates, isocyanates, pesticides and emerging. The references have been selected based on analytical methods used in the environmental field, including both the well-established procedures and those more recently developed.
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Köck-Schulmeyer M, Postigo C, Farré M, Barceló D, López de Alda M. Medium to highly polar pesticides in seawater: Analysis and fate in coastal areas of Catalonia (NE Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:515-523. [PMID: 30340160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollution has been less investigated in marine and coastal environments than in inland waters. The low levels at which pollutants are expected to be present in seawater calls for the use of reliable and high sensitivity analytical methodologies. In this context, this work presents the optimization and validation of an analytical method to determine 26 medium to highly polar pesticides in seawater based on solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. The developed methodology was linear, accurate (relative recoveries within 80-120% for most analytes), repeatable (relative standard deviations <18% for most analytes), and sensitive (limits of determination <1 ng/L for 89% of the compounds). The use of isotopically labeled compounds as surrogate standards compensated for low analyte recoveries and matrix effects. The method was applied to the analysis of seawater samples collected along the coastline of Catalonia (NE Spain). Overall, total pesticide loads were higher inside the marinas than outside. The booster biocides diuron and irgarol used in antifouling paintings and different triazine pesticides were the most abundant compounds. Irgarol was present above the maximum allowable concentration set in European regulations in 70% of the samples collected inside the marinas. A different pesticide pollution pattern, with MCPA and bentazone presenting the highest concentrations, was observed at the Ebro Delta area due to the impact of the agricultural activities carried out there. To the authors' knowledge, 4 out of the 26 target pesticides, namely, chlorfenvinphos, fenthion oxon, fenthion sulfone, and fenthion sulfoxide, have not been previously investigated in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Köck-Schulmeyer
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marinella Farré
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Rapid Multi-Residue Analysis of Herbicides with Endocrine-Disrupting Properties in Environmental Water Samples Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tian H, Bai X, Xu J. Simultaneous determination of simazine, cyanazine, and atrazine in honey samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3882-3888. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Tian
- Plant Protection College; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
| | - Xuesong Bai
- Plant Protection College; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
| | - Jing Xu
- Liaoning entry-exit inspection and quarantine bureau; Dalian China
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Rodríguez-González N, González-Castro MJ, Beceiro-González E, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. Development of a matrix solid phase dispersion methodology for the determination of triazine herbicides in marine sediments. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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