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Huang X, Wang L, Fan G, Bi X, Yan D, Wong JWC, Zhu Y. Characterization and stabilization of incineration fly ash from a new multi-source hazardous waste co-disposal system: field-scale study on solidification and stabilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7712-7727. [PMID: 38170352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The multi-source hazardous waste co-disposal system, a recent innovation in the industry, offers an efficient approach for hazardous waste disposal. The incineration fly ash (HFA) produced by this system exhibits characteristics distinct from those of typical incineration fly ash, necessitating the use of adjusted disposal methods. This study examined the physicochemical properties, heavy metal content, heavy metal leaching concentration, and dioxin content of HFA generated by the new co-disposal system and compared them with those of conventional municipal waste incineration fly ash. This study investigated the solidification and stabilization of HFA disposal using the organic agent sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate combined with cement on a field scale. The findings revealed significant differences in the structure, composition, and dioxin content of HFA and FA; HFA contained substantially lower levels of dioxins than FA did. Concerning the heavy metal content and leaching; HFA exhibited an unusually high concentration of zinc, surpassing the permitted emission limits, making zinc content a critical consideration in HFA disposal. After stabilization and disposal, the heavy metal leaching and dioxin content of HFA can meet landfill disposal emission standards when a 1% concentration of 10% sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and 150% silicate cement were employed. These results offer valuable insights into the disposal of fly ash resulting from incineration of mixed hazardous waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Huang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Gu Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiaotao Bi
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dahai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuezhao Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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Chen K, Wu D, Fei S, Pan C, Shen X, Zhang C, Hu J. Resistance of blended alkali-activated fly ash-OPC mortar to mild-concentration sulfuric and acetic acid attack. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25694-25708. [PMID: 34845643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The traditional cementitious product is prone to suffer from a high degree of deterioration in the case of exposure to acid solutions because of the decomposition of the binder network. However, the degradation of concrete structures in service by mild concentrations of acid under conditions involving sewage, industrial waters, and acid rain is more common and results in a significant environmental problem. The utilization of alkali-activated materials has been seen to potentially offer an attractive option with regard to acceptable durability and a low carbon footprint. With the aid of visual observation, mass loss, compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the acid resistance of alkali-activated fly ash mortars in which the precursor was partially replaced (0-30% by mass proportion) with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was evaluated after 180 days of exposure to mild-concentration sulfuric and acetic solutions (pH = 3). A conventional cement mortar (100% OPC) was used as a reference group. The results demonstrate that the addition of OPC into the alkali-activated system causes a significant increase in compressive strength (around 16.08-36.61%) while showing an opposite influence on durability after acid attack. Based on a linear mean value and nonlinear artificial neural network model simulation, the mass losses of the specimens were evaluated, and the alkali-activated pure-fly ash mortar demonstrated the lowest value (i.e., a maximum of 5.61%) together with the best behavior in the aspect of discreteness at 180 days. The results from microstructure analysis show that the coexistence of the N-A-S-H and C-S-H networks in the blend system occurred by both OPC hydration and FA. However, the formation of the gypsum deposition within the fly ash-OPC blend systems at sulfuric acid was found to impose internal disintegrating stresses, causing a significant area of delamination and cracks. In addition, alkali metal ion leaching, dealumination, as well as the disappearance of some crystalline phases occurred in specimens immersed in both types of acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 300018, China
| | - Dazhi Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 300018, China.
| | - Sijia Fei
- Shanghai T&D Architectural Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chonggen Pan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xinyuan Shen
- School of Mathematical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chaoxia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 300018, China
| | - Juntao Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 300018, China
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Shehata N, Sayed ET, Abdelkareem MA. Recent progress in environmentally friendly geopolymers: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143166. [PMID: 33190897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The manufacturing of cement demand burning of huge quantities of fuel as well as significant emissions of CO2 resulting from the decomposition of limestone that consequently resulted in severe environmental impact that is estimated by one ton of CO2 per ton of cement. Geopolymerization technology is an effective method for converting wastes (containing alumina and silica) into useful products. It can reduce CO2 emissions significantly from the cement industry. The geopolymerization process usually starts with source materials based on alumina/silicate in addition to alkaline liquids. The compressive strength, setting time, and workability of the final product depends mainly on the type and proportions of the precursors, the type and strength of the activator, the mixing and curing conditions. The structural performance of a geopolymer is similar to that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Therefore, geopolymer can replace OPC, and thus decreasing the energy consumption, reducing the cost of the building materials, and minimizing the environmental impacts of the cement industry. This review summaries the mechanism of geopolymerization, including the controlling parameters and different raw materials (fly ash, kaolinite and metakaolin, slag, red mud, silica waste, heavy metals waste, and others) with particular focus on recent studies and challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Enas Taha Sayed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Sato J, Shiota K, Takaoka M. Stabilization of lead with amorphous solids synthesized from aluminosilicate gel. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121109. [PMID: 31859168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a hazardous heavy metal that can be stabilized by incorporation into the matrix of aluminosilicate bearing phases as they solidify. The actual mechanism by which lead is stabilized, however, continues to be unclear because the individual mechanisms of Pb incorporation into crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicate phases have not yet been studied separately. A detailed investigation of the incorporation of Pb into the amorphous phase of aluminosilicate solids was therefore performed. Amorphous aluminosilicate solids were synthesized with 0.7, 1.5, and 3.7 wt.% of Pb from aluminosilicate gel produced from chemical reagents. Based on Raman spectroscopy, the SiO stretching vibration bond shifted to lower wavenumbers with increasing Pb concentration. This shift suggested that covalent bonding between Pb and O in the matrix of the aluminosilicate solids increased. In addition, sequential extraction revealed that most of the Pb (75-90%) in the aluminosilicate solids was in a poorly soluble form (i.e., reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions). These findings indicate that most of Pb is bonded covalently to the amorphous phase in aluminosilicate solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Sato
- Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal Research Department, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Muramatsu 4-33, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1194, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Kenji Shiota
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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Liu Z, Yue Y, Lu M, Zhang J, Sun F, Huang X, Zhou J, Qian G. Comprehension of heavy metal stability in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with its compositional variety: A quick prediction case of leaching potential. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 84:329-339. [PMID: 30691908 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, a quick prediction of the heavy metal (HM) leaching potential in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) was developed based on the statistical data between the HM leaching behaviors and the compositional variety in FA from China. In the comparison of the surveyed (508 data points) leaching concentrations, Pb and Cd leaching amounts in FA exceeded the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) limits most frequently. Moreover, the chemical compositions (pH and soluble chlorine (S-Cl)) of FA were proposed to have significant linear correlations with the Pb and Cd leaching. This corresponded to the chemical fraction change of the HM (risk assessment code (RAC)), which was relative to the pH of FA and chloride. This suggests that the HM stability can be evaluated by these factors. To verify this hypothesis, principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between 5 indices and the leaching concentrations of Pb and Cd in 160 MSWI FA samples after stabilization/solidification from eastern China. It is indicated that pH, S-Cl and free CaO were the critical variables in Pb and Cd leaching. Accordingly, a new index, Φ, combined with the logistic model was proposed to predict the leaching potential. It is revealed that the high risk of the exceeding the limits for HM leaching occurred when Φ was below 12.5. Our results assess the HM stability in MSWI FA with its compositional variety in a statistical way, which gives an approach for the quick prediction of HM leaching potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Fucheng Sun
- Zhejiang Environmental Science & Design Institute, No.109, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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Shiota K, Nakamura T, Takaoka M, Aminuddin SF, Oshita K, Fujimori T. Stabilization of lead in an alkali-activated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash-Pyrophyllite-based system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 201:327-334. [PMID: 28688320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the stabilization and speciation of lead (Pb) in a composite solid produced from an alkali-activated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA)-pyophyllite-based system. The solid product was synthesized after mixtures of raw materials (dehydrated pyrophyllite, MSWIFA, 14 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate solution) were cured at 105 °C for 24 h. The product could reduce the leaching of Pb and the Pb concentration in the leachate was 7.0 × 10-3 using the Japanese leaching test and 9.7 × 10-4 mg/L using toxicity characteristics leaching procedure method, which satisfied the respective test criteria and successfully stabilized Pb in this system. The solid product had a compressive strength of 2 MPa and consisted mainly of crystalline phases. Scanning electron microscopy with X-ray analysis and X-ray absorption fine structure suggested that Pb was present along with Al, Si, and O, and that the atomic environment around the Pb was similar to that of PbSiO3. These results suggest that the alkali-activated MSWIFA-pyrophyllite-based system could be used to stabilize Pb in MSWIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shiota
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Siti Fatimah Aminuddin
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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