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Wang Z, Bergemann CM, Simonin M, Avellan A, Kiburi P, Hunt DE. Interactions shape aquatic microbiome responses to Cu and Au nanoparticle treatments in wetland manipulation experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118603. [PMID: 38513752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In natural systems, organisms are embedded in complex networks where their physiology and community composition is shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, to assess the ecosystem-level effects of contaminants, we must pair complex, multi-trophic field studies with more targeted hypothesis-driven approaches to explore specific actors and mechanisms. Here, we examine aquatic microbiome responses to long-term additions of commercially-available metallic nanoparticles [copper-based (CuNPs) or gold (AuNPs)] and/or nutrients in complex, wetland mesocosms over 9 months, allowing for a full growth cycle of the aquatic plants. We found that both CuNPs and AuNPs (but not nutrient) treatments showed shifts in microbial communities and populations largely at the end of the experiment, as the aquatic plant community senesced. we examine aquatic microbiomes under chronic dosing of NPs and nutrients Simplified microbe-only or microbe + plant incubations revealed that direct effects of AuNPs on aquatic microbiomes can be buffered by plants (regardless of seasonal As mesocosms were dosed weekly, the absence of water column accumulation indicates the partitioning of both metals into other environmental compartments, mainly the floc and aquatic plants photosynthetically-derived organic matter. Overall, this study identifies the potential for NP environmental impacts to be either suppressed by or propagated across trophic levels via the presence of primary producers, highlighting the importance of organismal interactions in mediating emerging contaminants' ecosystem-wide impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Christina M Bergemann
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Marie Simonin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Astrid Avellan
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15289, USA
| | - Phoebe Kiburi
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Dana E Hunt
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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2
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Sentenac H, Loyau A, Zoccarato L, Jassey VEJ, Grossart HP, Schmeller DS. Biofilm community composition is changing in remote mountain lakes with a relative increase in potentially toxigenic algae. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120547. [PMID: 37708771 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Mountain lakes provide clear drinking water to humankind but are strongly impacted by global change. Benthic biofilms are crucial for maintaining water quality in these oligotrophic lakes, yet little is known about the effects of global change on mountain biofilm communities. By combining analyses of metabarcoding data on 16S and 18S rRNA genes with climatic and environmental data, we investigated global change effects on the composition of biofilm prokaryotic and micro-eukaryotic assemblages in a five-year monitoring program of 26 Pyrenean lakes (2016-2020). Using time-decay relationships and within-lake dissimilarity modelling, we show that the composition of both prokaryotic and micro-eukaryotic biofilm communities significantly shifted and their biodiversity declined from 2016 to 2020. In particular, analyses of temporal trends with linear mixed models indicated an increase in the richness and relative abundance of cyanobacteria, including potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria, and a concomitant decrease in diatom richness and relative abundance. While these compositional shifts may be due to several drivers of global change acting simultaneously on mountain lake biota, water pH and hardness were, from our data, the main environmental variables associated with changes for both prokaryotic and micro-eukaryotic assemblages. Water pH and hardness increased in our lakes over the study period, and are known to increase in Pyrenean lakes due to the intensification of rock weathering as a result of climate change. Given predicted climate trends and if water pH and hardness do cause some changes in benthic biofilms, those changes might be further exacerbated in the future. Such biofilm compositional shifts may induce cascading effects in mountain food webs, threatening the resilience of the entire lake ecosystem. The rise in potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria also increases intoxication risks for humans, pets, wild animals, and livestock that use mountain lakes. Therefore, our study has implications for water quality, ecosystem health, public health, as well as local economies (pastoralism, tourism), and highlights the possible impacts of global change on mountain lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sentenac
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Zoccarato
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin 16775, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Core Facility Bioinformatics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin 16775, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam 14469 Germany
| | - Dirk S Schmeller
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Loustau E, Leflaive J, Boscus C, Amalric Q, Ferriol J, Oleinikova O, Pokrovsky OS, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Rols JL. The Response of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Production by Phototrophic Biofilms to a Sequential Disturbance Strongly Depends on Environmental Conditions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:742027. [PMID: 34707592 PMCID: PMC8542934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.742027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototrophic biofilms are exposed to multiple stressors that can affect them both directly and indirectly. By modifying either the composition of the community or the physiology of the microorganisms, press stressors may indirectly impact the ability of the biofilms to cope with disturbances. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the biofilm are known to play an important role in its resilience to various stresses. The aim of this study was to decipher to what extent slight modifications of environmental conditions could alter the resilience of phototrophic biofilm EPS to a realistic sequential disturbance (4-day copper exposure followed by a 14-day dry period). By using very simplified biofilms with a single algal strain, we focused solely on physiological effects. The biofilms, composed by the non-axenic strains of a green alga (Uronema confervicolum) or a diatom (Nitzschia palea) were grown in artificial channels in six different conditions of light intensity, temperature and phosphorous concentration. EPS quantity (total organic carbon) and quality (ratio protein/polysaccharide, PN/PS) were measured before and at the end of the disturbance, and after a 14-day rewetting period. The diatom biofilm accumulated more biomass at the highest temperature, with lower EPS content and lower PN/PS ratio while green alga biofilm accumulated more biomass at the highest light condition with lower EPS content and lower PN/PS ratio. Temperature, light intensity, and P concentration significantly modified the resistance and/or recovery of EPS quality and quantity, differently for the two biofilms. An increase in light intensity, which had effect neither on the diatom biofilm growth nor on EPS production before disturbance, increased the resistance of EPS quantity and the resilience of EPS quality. These results emphasize the importance of considering the modulation of community resilience ability by environmental conditions, which remains scarce in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Loustau
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,LBAE, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Auch, France
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Boscus
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Amalric
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Olga Oleinikova
- GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Rols
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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Sentenac H, Loyau A, Leflaive J, Schmeller DS. The significance of biofilms to human, animal, plant and ecosystem health. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sentenac
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement UMR 5245 Université de Toulouse CNRS INPT UPS Castanet‐Tolosan Cedex France
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement UMR 5245 Université de Toulouse CNRS INPT UPS Castanet‐Tolosan Cedex France
- Department of Experimental Limnology Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Stechlin Germany
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement UMR 5245 Université de Toulouse CNRS INPT UPS Castanet‐Tolosan Cedex France
| | - Dirk S. Schmeller
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement UMR 5245 Université de Toulouse CNRS INPT UPS Castanet‐Tolosan Cedex France
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High food quality increases infection of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) by the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:805-817. [PMID: 31348961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is an important process in ecosystems, but has been largely neglected in ecosystem research. However, parasites are involved in most trophic links in food webs with, in turn, a major role in community structure and ecosystem processes. Several studies have shown that higher nutrient availability in ecosystems tends to increase the prevalence of parasites. Yet, most of these studies focused on resource availability, whereas studies investigating resource quality remain scarce. In this study, we tested the impact of the quality of host food resources on infection by parasites, as well as on the consequences for the host. Three resources were used to individually feed Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) experimentally infected or not infected with the acanthocephalan species Pomphorhynchus laevis: microbially conditioned leaf litter without phosphorus input (standard resource); microbially conditioned leaf litter enriched in phosphorus; and microbially conditioned leaf litter without phosphorus input but complemented with additional inputs of benthic diatoms rich in both phosphorus and eicosapentaenoic acid. During the 110 day experiment, infection rate, parasite load, host survival, and parasite-mediated behavioral traits implicated in trophic transmission were measured (refuge use, geotaxis and locomotor activity). The resources of higher quality, regardless of the infection status, reduced gammarid mortality and increased gammarid growth. In addition, higher quality resources increased the proportion of infected gammarids, and led to more cases of multi-infections. While slightly modifying the geotaxis behavior of uninfected gammarids, resource quality did not modulate the impact of parasites on host behavior. Finally, for most parameters, consumption of algal resources had a greater impact than did phosphorus-enriched leaf litter. Therefore, manipulation of resource quality significantly affected host-parasite relationships, which stressed the need for future research to investigate in natura the relationships between resource availability, resource quality and parasite prevalence.
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6
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Crenier C, Sanchez-Thirion K, Bec A, Felten V, Ferriol J, González AG, Leflaive J, Perrière F, Ten-Hage L, Danger M. Interactive Impacts of Silver and Phosphorus on Autotrophic Biofilm Elemental and Biochemical Quality for a Macroinvertebrate Consumer. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:732. [PMID: 31040831 PMCID: PMC6476900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotrophic biofilms are complex and fundamental biological compartments of many aquatic ecosystems. In particular, these biofilms represent a major resource for many invertebrate consumers and the first ecological barrier against toxic metals. To date, very few studies have investigated the indirect effects of stressors on upper trophic levels through alterations of the quality of biofilms for their consumers. In a laboratory study, we investigated the single and combined effects of phosphorus (P) availability and silver, a re-emerging contaminant, on the elemental [carbon (C):nitrogen (N):P ratios] and biochemical (fatty acid profiles) compositions of a diatom-dominated biofilm initially collected in a shallow lake. We hypothesized that (1) P and silver, through the replacement of diatoms by more tolerant primary producer species, reduce the biochemical quality of biofilms for their consumers while (2) P enhances biofilm elemental quality and (3) silver contamination of biofilm has negative effects on consumers life history traits. The quality of biofilms for consumers was assessed for a common crustacean species, Gammarus fossarum, by measuring organisms' survival and growth rates during a 42-days feeding experiment. Results mainly showed that species replacement induced by both stressors affected biofilm fatty acid compositions, and that P immobilization permitted to achieve low C:P biofilms, whatever the level of silver contamination. Gammarids growth and survival rates were not significantly impacted by the ingestion of silver-contaminated resource. On the contrary, we found a significant positive relationship between the biofilm P-content and gammarids growth. This study underlines the large indirect consequences stressors could play on the quality of microbial biomass for consumers, and, in turn, on the whole food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crenier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kévin Sanchez-Thirion
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aridane G. González
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fanny Perrière
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Ten-Hage
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Metz, France
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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7
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Loustau E, Rols JL, Leflaive J, Marcato-Romain CE, Girbal-Neuhauser E. Comparison of extraction methods for the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from aggregates of three biofilm-forming phototrophic microorganisms. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:887-899. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to define a robust procedure to extract extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from aggregates of three benthic phototrophic microorganisms: the cyanobacterium Phormidium autumnale, the diatom Nitzschia palea, and the green alga Uronema confervicolum. This study focuses on the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide and protein EPS by using two physical methods (sonication, cation exchange resin) and three chemical methods (formamide, EDTA, Tween 20) with minimum cell lysis. Cell lysis was evaluated by monitoring chlorophyll a release. The results indicated that sonication or incubation of the algae aggregates with 0.25% Tween 20 induced a high level of cell lysis. A combined extraction approach, with an initial dispersing pretreatment (Ultra-Turrax, 13 500 r·min–1, 1 min), followed by formamide addition (0.22%) and then incubation with Dowex cation exchange resin (50 g per g of dry biomass), provided the highest amount of extracted EPS (mostly proteins), with low cell lysis. Furthermore, extracted EPS were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, and the obtained fingerprints revealed similar profiles for the three benthic microorganisms with a majority of low molecular weight polymers (400 to 11 300 Da). However, additional EPS of high (>600 000 Da) and intermediate (20 000 to 80 000 Da) molecular sizes were specifically detected in the diatom extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Loustau
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
| | - Jean-Luc Rols
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
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8
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Simonin M, Colman BP, Anderson SM, King RS, Ruis MT, Avellan A, Bergemann CM, Perrotta BG, Geitner NK, Ho M, de la Barrera B, Unrine JM, Lowry GV, Richardson CJ, Wiesner MR, Bernhardt ES. Engineered nanoparticles interact with nutrients to intensify eutrophication in a wetland ecosystem experiment. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1435-1449. [PMID: 29939451 PMCID: PMC6635952 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid rise in diversity and quantities of engineered nanomaterials produced, the impacts of these emerging contaminants on the structure and function of ecosystems have received little attention from ecologists. Moreover, little is known about how manufactured nanomaterials may interact with nutrient pollution in altering ecosystem productivity, despite the recognition that eutrophication is the primary water quality issue in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we asked two main questions: (1) To what extent do manufactured nanoparticles affect the biomass and productivity of primary producers in wetland ecosystems? (2) How are these impacts mediated by nutrient pollution? To address these questions, we examined the impacts of a citrate-coated gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) and of a commercial pesticide containing Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles (CuNPs) on aquatic primary producers under both ambient and enriched nutrient conditions. Wetland mesocosms were exposed repeatedly with low concentrations of nanoparticles and nutrients over the course of a 9-month experiment in an effort to replicate realistic field exposure scenarios. In the absence of nutrient enrichment, there were no persistent effects of AuNPs or CuNPs on primary producers or ecosystem productivity. However, when combined with nutrient enrichment, both NPs intensified eutrophication. When either of these NPs were added in combination with nutrients, algal blooms persisted for >50 d longer than in the nutrient-only treatment. In the AuNP treatment, this shift from clear waters to turbid waters led to large declines in both macrophyte growth and rates of ecosystem gross primary productivity (average reduction of 52% ± 6% and 92% ± 5%, respectively) during the summer. Our results suggest that nutrient status greatly influences the ecosystem-scale impact of two emerging contaminants and that synthetic chemicals may be playing an under-appreciated role in the global trends of increasing eutrophication. We provide evidence here that chronic exposure to Au and Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles at low concentrations can intensify eutrophication of wetlands and promote the occurrence of algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Simonin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin P Colman
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Ryan S King
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, 76798, USA
| | - Matthew T Ruis
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Astrid Avellan
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15289, USA
| | - Christina M Bergemann
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Brittany G Perrotta
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, 76798, USA
| | - Nicholas K Geitner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Mengchi Ho
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Belen de la Barrera
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40526, USA
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15289, USA
| | - Curtis J Richardson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Emily S Bernhardt
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
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9
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Faure D, Bonin P, Duran R. Environmental microbiology reveals the Earth secret life. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13573-13576. [PMID: 26162441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Faure
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant Sciences, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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