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Moussa M, Choulak S, Rhouma‐Chatti S, Chatti N, Said K. First insight of genetic diversity, phylogeographic relationships, and population structure of marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis from the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8494. [PMID: 35136554 PMCID: PMC8809441 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the strategic localization of Tunisia in the Mediterranean Sea, no phylogeographic study on sponges has been investigated along its shores. The demosponge Chondrosia reniformis, descript only morphologically along Tunisian coasts, was chosen to estimate the influence of natural oceanographic and biogeographic barriers on its genetic differentiation and its Phylogeography. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified and analyzed for 70 Mediterranean Chondrosia reniformis, collected from eight localities in Tunisia. Polymorphism results revealed high values of haplotype diversity (H d) and very low nucleotide diversity (π). Thus, these results suggest that our sponge populations of C. reniformis may have undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid demographic expansion. This suggestion is strongly confirmed by the results of neutrality tests and "mismatch distribution." The important number of haplotypes between localities and the high genetic differentiation (F st ranged from 0.590 to 0.788) of the current C. reniformis populations could be maintained by the limited gene flow Nm (0.10-0.18). Both haplotype Network and the biogeographic analysis showed a structured distribution according to the geographic origin. C. reniformis populations are subdivided into two major clades: Western and Eastern Mediterranean. This pattern seems to be associated with the well-known discontinuous biogeographic area: the Siculo-Tunisian Strait, which separates two water bodies circulating with different hydrological, physical, and chemical characteristics. The short dispersal of pelagic larvae of C. reniformis and the marine bio-geographic barrier created high differentiation among populations. Additionally, it is noteworthy to mention that the "Mahres/Kerkennah" group diverged from Eastern groups in a single sub-clade. This result was expected, the region Mahres/Kerkennah, presented a particular marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Moussa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Sarra Choulak
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Soumaya Rhouma‐Chatti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Noureddine Chatti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
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Elleuch J, Ben Amor F, Barkallah M, Haj Salah J, Smith KF, Aleya L, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. q-PCR-based assay for the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis monitoring along the Tunisian coasts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57486-57498. [PMID: 34089447 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Karenia selliformis is a marine dinoflagellate responsible for fish-kill events. Its presence has been reported along the Tunisian coasts (south-eastern Mediterranean Sea) since the 1990s. In the present study, a quantitative-PCR assay, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular marker, was developed to detect and quantify K. selliformis in environmental bivalve mollusk samples and in seawater samples. The assay was optimized, and its specificity was confirmed using cross-reactivity experiments against microalgal species commonly found on the Tunisian coasts and/or closely related to K. selliformis. Calibration curves were performed by tenfold dilutions of plasmid DNA harboring target sequence and genomic DNA, attaining a limit of detection of around 5 copies of target DNA per reaction, far below one K. selliformis cell per reaction. The field application of the developed assay showed a powerful detection capability. Thus, the designed assay could contribute to the deployment of in-field diagnostic tools for K. selliformis blooms monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Haj Salah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Elleuch J, Barkallah M, Smith KF, Ben Neila I, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Quantitative PCR assay for the simultaneous identification and enumeration of multiple Karenia species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36889-36899. [PMID: 32577959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the method of choice for specific detection and quantification of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. Development of qPCR assay for simultaneous enumeration of species that frequently co-exist in HABs is required. A high sensitivity TaqMan qPCR assay, using probe and primers, located at ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, detecting, specifically, Karenia selliformis, K. bidigitata, and K. mikimotoi, was designed. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region copy numbers per Karenia cell genome were estimated to 217.697 ± 67.904, allowing cell quantification. An application of the designed methodology in field samples has been conducted, and it showed high sensitivity (detection of around 10-1 cell/100 mg of bivalve mollusk tissue, equivalent to about 20 copies of the target sequence). We suggest that the optimized method could contribute to early detection of three closely related Karenia species in seafood cultivating areas to promote control quality, guarantee a fast and effective intervention, and improve public health prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wei Y, Sun J, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang F. Environmental factors controlling the dynamics of phytoplankton communities during spring and fall seasons in the southern Sunda Shelf. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23222-23233. [PMID: 32333358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton play important roles in marine ecosystems and have major impacts on the global biogeochemical cycles, yet the knowledge of the processes for oceanic environments controlling the phytoplankton dynamics still needs to be improved, particularly in the coastal ecosystems. Monitoring diversity of phytoplankton communities, including micro/nano- and pico-forms, as well as their dynamics in relation to environmental factors, is thus of critical significance. Here, we conducted two cruises in the southern Sunda Shelf during spring and fall 2016 to investigate the community structure and dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors combining microscopy and flow cytometry. Micro/nanophytoplankton communities changed from Trichodesmium spp. and diatoms co-dominance in spring to communities dominated by Trichodesmium spp. in fall. Diatoms were a highly diverse group, with 78 species, followed by dinoflagellates (35 species). Differences in average abundance of micro/nanophytoplankton between spring and fall might be attributed to the shift in dominance of Trichodesmium spp. and diatoms. Picophytoplankton characterized by a great abundance of picocyanobacteria were dominated by Synechococcus. The dynamics of picophytoplankton during spring and fall might be associated with the differences in dominant Synechococcus strains. Environmental variables had significant influence on the dynamics of phytoplankton communities, especially nitrate and silicate. Silicate was a major driver responsible for the variations of micro/nanophytoplankton. Low silicate potentially limited the diatom growth during fall, leading to the overwhelming dominance of Trichodesmium spp. Picophytoplankton showed positive correlations with nitrate and silicate, suggesting that these nutrients collectively controlled variations in picophytoplankton communities during spring and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Wei
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xingzhou Wang
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266200, China
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Response of phytoplankton to banana cultivation: A case study of Lancang-Mekong River, southwestern China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9145. [PMID: 31235837 PMCID: PMC6591286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the possible effects of banana cultivation on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in southwest China along the Lancang-Mekong River. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected on March (dry season) and August (rainy season), and physical-chemical properties of water, phytoplankton biomass and community structure were determined. The results indicated that the banana cultivation resulted in increases in sediment, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations at estuaries of Lancang-Mekong River branches. Cultivation decreased phytoplankton diversity, abundance and biomass, as well as changed the phytoplankton community structure at estuaries of branches. Sediment concentration (increased by cultivation) was considered as the dominant influence factor of phytoplankton biomass and community structure. However, at downstream sites (primary channel), banana cultivation did not cause (result from its huge flow) the significant changes in physical-chemical properties of water, phytoplankton biomass or community structure.
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Ben Salem Z, Ayadi H. First investigation of trace metal distribution in surface seawater and copepods of the south coast of Sfax (Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19662-19670. [PMID: 28681305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased metal loading from anthropogenic sources has affected aquatic ecosystems and has cascaded through food webs worldwide. Therefore, the evaluation of ecological impacts of anthropogenic metal has become increasingly important. In this paper, we monitored the concentration of six trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the three copepod groups (cyclopoida, calanoida, and harpacticoida) and in seawater samples collected from the south coast of Sfax (Tunisia). Results showed that the concentration of Fe and Zn for all copepod groups was higher than that for other metals and that of Cd was the lowest in all groups. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 0.05 to 18.93 and followed the sequence Zn (18.93) > Fe (14.34) > Pb (6.41) > Cd (1.53) > Cu (0.10) > Ni (0.05). The copepods in the south coast of Sfax were found to have a great capacity to accumulate trace metals and act as contamination indicators. Comparative studies with those from the Luza zone indicate considerable bioaccumulation of trace metals (Pb and Ni) in all copepod groups namely in cyclopoida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, PO Box 3000, BP 1171, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, PO Box 3000, BP 1171, Sfax, Tunisia
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Tian W, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhao L, Miao M, Huang H. Biodiversity effects on resource use efficiency and community turnover of plankton in Lake Nansihu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11279-11288. [PMID: 28299569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a central issue in ecology, especially in aquatic ecosystems due to the ecophysiological characteristics of plankton. Recently, ecologists have obtained conflicting conclusions while analyzing the influence of species diversity on plankton resource use efficiency (RUE) and community turnover. In this study, both phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were investigated seasonally from 2011 to 2013 in Lake Nansihu, a meso-eutrophic and recovering lake in China. The effects of phytoplankton diversity on RUE of phytoplankton (RUEPP), zooplankton (RUEZP), and community turnover were analyzed. Results showed that both phytoplankton species richness and evenness were positively correlated with RUEPP. RUEZP had a negative relationship with phytoplankton species richness, but a weak unimodal relationship with phytoplankton evenness. Cyanobacteria community had the opposite influence on RUEPP and RUEZP. Thus, cyanobacteria dominance will benefit RUEPP in eutrophic lakes, but the growth and reproduction of zooplankton are greatly limited. The strong negative relationship between total phosphorus and RUEZP confirmed these results. Phytoplankton community turnover tended to decrease with increasing phytoplankton evenness, which was consistent with most previous studies. The correlation coefficient between phytoplankton species richness and community turnover was negative, but not significant (p > 0.05). Therefore, phytoplankton community turnover was more sensitive to the variation of evenness than species richness. These results will be helpful in understanding the effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Miao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
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Zohra BS, Habib A. Assessment of heavy metal contamination levels and toxicity in sediments and fishes from the Mediterranean Sea (southern coast of Sfax, Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13954-13963. [PMID: 27040542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of heavy metals in sediment is regarded as a global crisis with a large share in industrializing cities like Sfax (Tunisia). Seven heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn), and one metalloid such as Arsenic (As) in sediments and fish (D. annularis, L. aurata, and S. vulgaris) were investigated from the Southern coast of Sfax in Tunisia. The range of metals in sediments were 13.11-36; 4.42-7.92; 8.23-28.56; 50,564-11,956; 2.9-6.8; 9.13-30.51; 65.06-151.50, and 47-546 kg(-1) DW for As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The level of studied metals in sediment samples exceeded the limits of the quality assessment guidelines (SQGs). The potential ecological risk index (PERI) proved that the investigated region could pose moderate risk for the aquatic biota. Metal bioaccumulation in the fish muscles varied significantly among species. Indeed, S. vulgaris and D. annularis accumulated higher amount of metal than L. aurata. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of individual heavy metals in fish, except for As and Hg, revealed safe levels for human consumption. Nevertheless, the total THQ indexes exceeded 1 suggesting the combined effects on muscles fish, which may constitute a risk to population's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Salem Zohra
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5 BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ayadi Habib
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5 BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ben Salem Z, Ayadi H. Heavy metal accumulation in Diplodus annularis, Liza aurata, and Solea vulgaris relevant to their concentration in water and sediment from the southwestern Mediterranean (coast of Sfax). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13895-13906. [PMID: 27040537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn) were measured in the liver, gills, and muscle of Solea vulgaris, Liza aurata, and Diplodus annularis, collected from the south coast of Sfax (Gabes Gulf, southwestern Mediterranean). The concentrations of heavy metals in water exhibited the following decreasing order (expressed in μg l(-1)): Fe > Ni > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd whereas the trend is somewhat different in sediments (mg kg(-1) D.W.) Fe > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The levels of heavy metals varied significantly among fish species and tissues. Heavy metal levels were found generally higher in the liver and gills than the muscle in all species. The liver was the target organ for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn accumulation. Nickel and lead, however, exhibited their highest concentrations in the gills. The three studied fishes showed a difference in metals accumulation decreasing in following order S. vulgaris > D. annularis > L. aurata. Solea vulgaris with the highest TFwater, TFsediment, and metal concentrations in tissues would be considered as a potential bio-indicator in the south coast of Sfax for the assessment of environmental pollution status. Comparative studies with Luza zone indicate considerable bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb and Zn) in the various tissues of fish samples of the south coast of Sfax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 1, Place Leclerc, F-25030, Besançon cedex, France.
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Drira Z, Kmiha-Megdiche S, Sahnoun H, Hammami A, Allouche N, Tedetti M, Ayadi H. Assessment of anthropogenic inputs in the surface waters of the southern coastal area of Sfax during spring (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:355-363. [PMID: 26837269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coastal marine area of Sfax (Tunisia), which is well-known for its high productivity and fisheries, is also subjected to anthropogenic inputs from diverse industrial, urban and agriculture activities. We investigated the spatial distribution of physical, chemical and biogeochemical parameters in the surface waters of the southern coastal area of Sfax. Pertinent tracers of anthropogenic inputs were identified. Twenty stations were sampled during March 2013 in the vicinity of the coastal areas reserved for waste discharge. Phosphogypsum wastes dumped close to the beaches were the main source of PO4(3-), Cl(-) and SO4(2-) in seawater. The high content in total polyphenolic compounds was due to the olive oil treatment waste water released from margins. These inorganic and organic inputs in the surface waters were associated with elevated COD. The BOD5/COD (<0.5) and COD/BOD5 (>3) ratios highlighted a chemical pollution with organic load of a low biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Drira
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Salma Kmiha-Megdiche
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houda Sahnoun
- Coastal and Urban Environment Unit, IPEIS, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hammami
- Laboratory of Materials Science and environment (MESLab), University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, P.B. "1171", 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, P.B. "1171", 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, University of Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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