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Fan W, Kong Q, Chen Y, Lu F, Wang S, Zhao A. Safe utilization and remediation potential of the mulberry-silkworm system in heavy metal-contaminated lands: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172352. [PMID: 38608900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing hold a prominent position in the agricultural industries of many Asian countries, contributing to economic growth, sustainable development, and cultural heritage preservation. Applying the soil-mulberry-silkworm system (SMSS) to heavy metal (HM)-contaminated areas is significant economically, environmentally, and socially. The ultimate goal of this paper is to review the main research progress of SMSS under HM stress, examining factors affecting its safe utilization and remediation potential for HM-contaminated soils. HM tolerance of mulberry and silkworms relates to their growth stages. Based on the standards for HM contaminants in various mulberry and silkworm products and the bioconcentration factor of HMs at different parts of SMSS, we calculated maximum safe Cd and Pb levels for SMSS application on contaminated lands. Several remediation practices demonstrated mulberry's ability to grow on barren lands, absorb various HMs, while silkworm excreta can adsorb HMs and improve soil fertility. Considering multiple factors influencing HM tolerance and accumulation, we propose a decision model to guide SMSS application in polluted areas. Finally, we discussed the potential of using molecular breeding techniques to screen or develop varieties better suited for HM-contaminated regions. However, actual pollution scenarios are often complex, requiring consideration of multiple factors. More large-scale applications are crucial to enhance the theoretical foundation for applying SMSS in HM pollution risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiuyue Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuane Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shuchang Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Su Q, Sun Z, Liu Y, Lei J, Zhu W, Nanyan L. Physiological and comparative transcriptome analysis of the response and adaptation mechanism of the photosynthetic function of mulberry ( Morus alba L.) leaves to flooding stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2094619. [PMID: 35786355 PMCID: PMC9255227 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2094619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flooding has become one of the major abiotic stresses that seriously affects plant growth and development owing to changes in the global precipitation pattern. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a desirable tree spePhysocarpus amurensis Maxim andcies with high ecological and economic benefits. To reveal the response and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic functions of mulberry leaves to flooding stress, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transfer and the Calvin cycle were investigated by physiological studies combined with an analysis of the transcriptome. Flooding stress inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) and decreased its content in mulberry leaves. The sensitivity of Chl a to flooding stress was higher than that of Chl b owing to the changes of CHLG (LOC21385082) and CAO (LOC21408165) that encode genes during chlorophyll synthesis. The levels of expression of Chl b reductase NYC (LOC112094996) and NYC (LOC21385774), which are involved in Chl b degradation, were upregulated on the fifteenth day of flooding, which accelerated the transformation of Chl b to Chl a, and upregulated the expression of PPH (LOC21385040) and PAO (LOC21395013). This accelerated the degradation of chlorophyll. Flooding stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic function of mulberry leaves. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes under different days of flooding stress indicated significant enrichment in Photosynthesis-antenna proteins (map00196), Photosynthesis (map00195) and Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (map00710). On the fifth day of flooding, 7 and 5 genes that encode antenna proteins were identified on LHCII and LHCI, respectively. They were significantly downregulated, and the degree of downregulation increased as the trees were flooded longer. Therefore, the power of the leaves to capture solar energy and transfer this energy to the reaction center was reduced. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related changes in the expression of genes in the transcriptome indicated that the PSII and PSI of mulberry leaves were damaged, and their activities decreased under flooding stress. On the fifth day of flooding, electron transfer on the PSII acceptor side of mulberry leaves was blocked, and the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) on the donor side was damaged. On the tenth day of flooding, the thylakoid membranes of mulberry leaves were damaged. Five of the six coding genes that mapped to the OEC were significantly downregulated. Simultaneously, other coding genes located at the PSII reaction center and those located at the PSI reaction center, including Cytb6/f, PC, Fd, FNR and ATP, were also significantly downregulated. In addition, the gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci) of the leaves decreased after 10 days of flooding stress primarily owing to the stomatal factor. However, on the fifteenth day of flooding, the value for the intracellular concentration of CO2 was significantly higher than that on the tenth day of flooding. In addition, the differentially expressed genes identified in the Calvin cycle were significantly downregulated, suggesting that in addition to stomatal factors, non-stomatal factors were also important factors that mediated the decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of mulberry leaves. In conclusion, the inhibition of growth of mulberry plants caused by flooding stress was primarily related to the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, antenna proteins, photosynthetic electron transfer and the Calvin cycle. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the response and mechanism of adaptation of the photosynthetic function of mulberry to flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Su
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiawei Lei
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxu Zhu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Liao Nanyan
- Guangxi Fangcheng Golden Camellias National Nature Reserve, Guilin541006, Guangxi, China
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Cai J, Chen S, Yu G, Zou Y, Lu H, Wei Y, Tang J, Long B, Tang X, Yu D, Xu X, Nong C, Qin J, Zhang Z. Comparations of major and trace elements in soil, water and residents' hair between longevity and non-longevity areas in Bama, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:581-594. [PMID: 31621395 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1677863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural environment is an important factor affecting longevity. Soil, water and hair samples from Bama were assayed to investigate the effects of elements on the regional longevity. The concentrations of Cd, Co and Mg in soil and Co in drinking water were significantly higher in longevity area than those in non-longevity area (p < 0.05). The concentrations of K, Mo, Na, Pb and V in soil, Mg, Na, Fe, Li and Mn in drinking water and I, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Sr in hair were significantly lower in longevity area than those in non-longevity area (p < 0.05). Mg, Mn, Na and Sr in hair were affected by soil and drinking water. Our results indicate that adequate concentration of Mg in soil might benefit longevity, excessive concentrations of Na in soil, Mg, Mn and Na in drinking water and Mg, Mn, Na and Sr in hair might reduce lifespan of local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Cai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huaxiang Lu
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiexia Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingshuang Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuntao Nong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Rao L, Li S, Cui X. Leaf morphology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mulberry seedlings under waterlogging stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13379. [PMID: 34183703 PMCID: PMC8238933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its high flooding tolerance, in recent years, mulberry has become a tree species that is used in plant restoration in impact zones in reservoir areas. Therefore, 3-year-old potted forage mulberry seedlings were used to investigate the mechanism of mulberry adaptation to flooding stress. An indoor simulated flooding method was adopted to study the morphology of mulberry seedling leaves and the changes in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fluorescence imaging under different flooding times and depths. The results showed that the leaves of mulberry seedlings treated with shallow submergence remained healthy during the flooding period, while the leaves of mulberry seedlings treated with half submergence and full submergence showed different degrees of waterlogging symptoms in the middle and late flooding periods and formed adventitious roots at the base of the stem. Most of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased at the beginning of flooding, but the steady-state degree of closure of PS II reaction centres (1-qP_Lss) increased significantly. In the later stage of flooding, the fluorescence parameters showed relatively stable trends. Based on these results, we conclude that mulberry has high flooding tolerance due to a combination of morphological and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Rao
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xue Cui
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
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Xie J, Xu W, Zhang M, Qiu C, Liu J, Wisniewski M, Ou T, Zhou Z, Xiang Z. The impact of the endophytic bacterial community on mulberry tree growth in the Three Gorges Reservoir ecosystem, China. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:1858-1875. [PMID: 32902116 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant-associated microbes influence plant performance and may also impact biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The microbiome of mulberry trees planted for ecological restoration in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China, exhibited distinct patterns of localization. The endosphere exhibited lower α-diversity relative to the rhizosphere, but was more closely related to host growth status, especially in stem tissues. Pantoea was the predominant bacterial genus inhabiting the stems of two well-growing plants, while sequences identified as Pseudomonas and Pantoea were abundant in poorly growing plants. The complexity of the endophytic community was more connected to growth status in well-growing plants than it was in poorly growing plants. Among 151 endophytes cultured from collected samples of mulberry, 64 exhibited plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential in vitro and the majority of beneficial taxa were harvested from well-growing plants. Collectively, the present study indicates that the recruitment of beneficial endophytes may contribute to mulberry fitness under abiotic stress, and it provides a foundation for the development of a new strategy in vegetation restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changyu Qiu
- Promotion Station of Sericulture Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530007, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Chen G, Su Y, Cai Y, He L, Yang G. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals beneficial effect of dietary mulberry leaves on the muscle quality of finishing pigs. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:526-535. [PMID: 31486291 PMCID: PMC6868455 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary mulberry leaves on the transcriptome profiles of finishing pigs. RNA‐Seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the longissimus dorsi of 56 pigs fed either a traditional diet or diets supplemented with 3%, 6% or 9% mulberry leaf powder, and both gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and the subnet module analysis were used to identify genes with beneficial potential, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to validate the expression patterns revealed by RNA‐Seq. Results Pigs fed with the 6% mulberry diet exhibited greater average daily gain, lower water loss and lower shear force than the control group and yielded 531 DEGs, including 271 and 260 upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Function analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in functions related to muscle growth and development. Furthermore, several genes (i.e. ACOT4, ECHS1, HACD1, NPR1, ADCY2, MGLL and IRS1) were enriched in a KEGG pathway that was associated with fatty acid metabolism, and in the PPI subnet module, four of eight node genes, namely TNNC1, MYL3, TCAP and TNNT1, were associated with muscle formation and development. The upregulation of these genes, including TNNC1, TNNT1 and MYL3, was confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Conclusions Dietary mulberry leaves (6%) may improve the muscle quality of pigs by modulating the expression of several key genes, such as TNNC1, MYL3 and TNNT1. The study was aimed to explain the effect of the inclusion of mulberry in the diet of pigs on transcriptome profiling. The inclusion of mulberry in the diet might be helpful in muscle formation and development of pigs by modulating the expression levels of three genes including TNNC1, MYL3 and TNNT1![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lianghong He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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