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Avila-Arias H, Casallas FC, Arbeli Z, García Gutiérrez A, Fajardo Gomez CA, Herrera Castillo DY, Carvajal Ramirez S, Tamayo-Figueroa DP, Benavides López de Mesa J, Roldan F. Bacteria isolated from explosive contaminated environments transform pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad113. [PMID: 37740443 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a nitrate ester explosive that may be persistent with scarce reports on its environmental fate and impacts. Our main objective was to isolate and characterize bacteria that transform PETN under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biotransformation of PETN (100 mg L-1) was evaluated using mineral medium with (M + C) and without (M - C) additional carbon sources under aerobic conditions and with additional carbon sources under anaerobic conditions. Here, we report on the isolation of 12 PETN-transforming cultures (4 pure and 8 co-cultures) from environmental samples collected at an explosive manufacturing plant. The highest transformation of PETN was observed for cultures in M + C under aerobic conditions, reaching up to 91% ± 2% in 2 d. Under this condition, PETN biotransformation was observed in conjunction with the release of nitrites and bacterial growth. No substantial transformation of PETN (<45%) was observed during 21 d in M - C under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, five cultures could transform PETN (up to 52% ± 13%) as the sole nitrogen source, concurrent with the formation of two unidentified metabolites. PETN-transforming cultures belonged to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, we isolated 12 PETN-transforming cultures belonging to diverse taxa, suggesting that PETN transformation is phylogenetically widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Avila-Arias
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Francy-Carolina Casallas
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Ziv Arbeli
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrea García Gutiérrez
- Programa de ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Maestría en Diseño y gestión de Procesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá 110831, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andres Fajardo Gomez
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Denis Yohana Herrera Castillo
- Programa de ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra Carvajal Ramirez
- Programa de ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Diana Paola Tamayo-Figueroa
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Fabio Roldan
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
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Avellaneda H, Arbeli Z, Teran W, Roldan F. Transformation of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and PETN by Raoultella planticola M30b and Rhizobium radiobacter M109 and exploration of the associated enzymes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:190. [PMID: 33247357 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitrated compounds 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are toxic xenobiotics widely used in various industries. They often coexist as environmental contaminants. The aims of this study were to evaluate the transformation of 100 mg L-1 of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and PETN by Raoultella planticola M30b and Rhizobium radiobacter M109c and identify enzymes that may participate in the transformation. These strains were selected from 34 TNT transforming bacteria. Cupriavidus metallidurans DNT was used as a reference strain for comparison purposes. Strains DNT, M30b and M109c transformed 2,4-DNT (100%), TNT (100, 94.7 and 63.6%, respectively), and PETN (72.7, 69.3 and 90.7%, respectively). However, the presence of TNT negatively affects 2,4-DNT and PETN transformation (inhibition > 40%) in strains DNT and M109c and fully inhibited (100% inhibition) 2,4-DNT transformation in R. planticola M30b.Genomes of R. planticola M30b and R. radiobacter M109c were sequenced to identify genes related with 2,4-DNT, TNT or PETN transformation. None of the tested strains presented DNT oxygenase, which has been previously reported in the transformation of 2,4-DNT. Thus, unidentified novel enzymes in these strains are involved in 2,4-DNT transformation. Genes encoding enzymes homologous to the previously reported TNT and PETN-transforming enzymes were identified in both genomes. R. planticola M30b have homologous genes of PETN reductase and xenobiotic reductase B, while R. radiobacter M109c have homologous genes to GTN reductase and PnrA nitroreductase. The ability of these strains to transform explosive mixtures has a potentially biotechnological application in the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Avellaneda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ziv Arbeli
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Wilson Teran
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabio Roldan
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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Khan MI, Yoo K, Kim S, Cheema SA, Bashir S, Park J. A Sporolactobacillus-, Clostridium-, and Paenibacillus- Dominant Microbial Consortium Improved Anaerobic RDX Detoxification by Starch Addition. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:839-847. [PMID: 32160699 PMCID: PMC9728379 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an anaerobic microbial consortium for the degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) was selectively enriched with the co-addition of RDX and starch under nitrogen-deficient conditions. Microbial growth and anaerobic RDX biodegradation were effectively enhanced by the co-addition of RDX and starch, which resulted in increased RDX biotransformation to nitroso derivatives at a greater specific degradation rate than those for previously reported anaerobic RDX-degrading bacteria (isolates). The accumulation of the most toxic RDX degradation intermediate (MNX [hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine]) was significantly reduced by starch addition, suggesting improved RDX detoxification by the co-addition of RDX and starch. The subsequent MiSeq sequencing that targeted the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Sporolactobacillus, Clostridium, and Paenibacillus populations were involved in the enhanced anaerobic RDX degradation. These results suggest that these three bacterial populations are important for anaerobic RDX degradation and detoxification. The findings from this work imply that the Sporolactobacillus, Clostridium, and Paenibacillus dominant microbial consortium may be valuable for the development of bioremediation resources for RDX-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan,Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research- UFZ, 0318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 8040, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2123-7768 Fax: +82-2-312-5798 E-mail:
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Kober SL, Hollert H, Frohme M. Quantification of nitroaromatic explosives in contaminated soil using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5993-6003. [PMID: 31278552 PMCID: PMC6706601 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Contamination from various sources is a global environmental and health threat, with mining and military activities in particular having spread nitroaromatic compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its degradation products and by-products, to the soil. The investigation and monitoring of large contaminated areas requires new detection methods since the established ones are expensive and time-consuming. Hence, we established a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as the matrix substance and an internal standard for quantification. Analyzing standard substances, we found specific signals for radical and fragment ions of different nitrotoluenes and nitrobenzenes with good reproducibility and detection limits down to 0.25 ng/μL. The analysis of soil sample extracts from a former production site showed clear signals for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and the primary degradation products aminodinitrotoluenes. Furthermore, quantification gave results comparable to those obtained by conventional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The MALDI-TOF MS method has a comparatively lower reproducibility, with relative standard deviations of 6% to 20% for multiple measurements of standard solutions and soil sample extracts. Nevertheless, a comparison of both methods revealed the advantages of MALDI-TOF MS analysis of explosive-contaminated areas with regard to costs, time, and handling. Finally, our MALDI-TOF MS method fulfills all the needs for high sample throughput and can therefore be a valuable screening tool for explosive-contaminated areas. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liane Kober
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany.
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Rylott EL, Bruce NC. Right on target: using plants and microbes to remediate explosives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1051-1064. [PMID: 31056922 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1606783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the immediate effect of explosives in armed conflicts is frequently in the public eye, until recently, the insidious, longer-term corollaries of these toxic compounds in the environment have gone largely unnoticed. Now, increased public awareness and concern are factors behind calls for more effective remediation solutions to these global pollutants. Scientists have been working on bioremediation projects in this area for several decades, characterizing genes, biochemical detoxification pathways, and field-applicable plant species. This review covers the progress made in understanding the fundamental biochemistry behind the detoxification of explosives, including new shock-insensitive explosive compounds; how field-relevant plant species have been characterized and genetically engineered; and the major roles that endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms play in the detoxification of organic pollutants such as explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Rylott
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York , York , UK
| | - Neil C Bruce
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York , York , UK
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Avila-Arias H, Avellaneda H, Garzón V, Rodríguez G, Arbeli Z, Garcia-Bonilla E, Villegas-Plazas M, Roldan F. Screening for biosurfactant production by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-transforming bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:401-413. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Avila-Arias
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - H. Avellaneda
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - V. Garzón
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - G. Rodríguez
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Z. Arbeli
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - E. Garcia-Bonilla
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - M. Villegas-Plazas
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - F. Roldan
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
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