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Tariq S, Nisa A, Ul-Haq Z, Mariam A, Murshed M, Sulaymon ID, Salam MA, Mehmood U. Classification of aerosols using particle linear depolarization ratio (PLDR) over seven urban locations of Asia. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141119. [PMID: 38195014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Active lidar remote sensing has been used to obtain detailed and quantitative information about the properties of aerosols. We have analyzed the spatio-temporal classification of aerosols using the parameters of particle linear depolarization ratio and single scattering albedo from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) over seven megacities of Asia namely; Lahore, Karachi, Kanpur, Pune, Beijing, Osaka, and Bandung. We find that pollution aerosols dominate during the winter season in all the megacities. The concentrations, however, vary concerning the locations, i.e., 70-80% pollution aerosols are present over Lahore, 40-50% over Karachi, 90-95% over Kanpur and Pune, 60-70% and over Beijing and Osaka. Pure Dust (PD), Pollution Dominated Mixture (PDM), and Dust Dominated Mixture (DDM) are found to be dominant during spring and summer seasons.This proposes that dust over Asia normally exists as a mixture with pollution aerosols instead of pure form. We also find that black carbon (BC) dominated pollution aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Tariq
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Aiman Nisa
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mariam
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh; Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Usman Mehmood
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Business Administration, Bahçeşehir Cyprus University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
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Ansari K, Ramachandran S. Radiative effects of absorbing aerosol types over South Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159969. [PMID: 36347289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on classifying the aerosol types and absorbing aerosol types, and quantifying the effect of absorbing aerosols on aerosol optical and radiative properties using four years (2015-2016, 2018-2019) of high-quality Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) datasets over Kanpur (urban) and Gandhi College (rural) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region is conducted on a seasonal scale, for the first time. Biomass burning (BB), urban-industrial, and mixed aerosol types are always present, whereas dust aerosol and mostly dust absorbing aerosol types are only present in pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. During winter and post-monsoon seasons, BB aerosols and mostly black carbon (MBC) absorbing aerosols dominate, and the contribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA) corresponding to MBC to total AOD and SSA are higher. SSA for MBC varies over a broader range due to mixing of BC with water-soluble aerosols. During pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, mixing of dust with anthropogenic aerosols increases the amount of mixed aerosol type. Surface cooling and atmospheric heating efficiency for mixed aerosols are higher than MBC and dust aerosols due to enhancement in aerosol absorption over both locations. Seasonal analysis of aerosol radiative properties showed that during winter and post-monsoon, MBC absorbing aerosols are the major contributor in controlling/influencing the total aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and heating rate (HR). During the other seasons, each absorbing aerosol type significantly influences ARF depending on their AOD and SSA values. In addition to Kanpur and Gandhi College, data from seven other AERONET sites located at Karachi, Lahore, Jaipur, Lumbini, Pokhara, Bhola, and Dhaka in South Asia are analysed to conduct a regional-scale examination of aerosol optical parameters and radiative effects due to different absorbing aerosol types. As the aerosol characteristics and trends are similar over these sites, the findings from such a regional-scale analysis can be an appropriate representative for the South Asian region. The regional analysis revealed that the annual mean atmospheric ARF (ARFATM) and ARF efficiency (ARFEATM), and HR are higher for MBC, followed by mixed and MD aerosols over South Asia due to higher AOD, and higher absorbing efficiency of MBC aerosols. In comparison, mixed aerosols exhibit higher ARFATM over East Asia. This quantification of absorbing aerosol types over a global aerosol hotspot will be useful for an accurate quantification of climate impacts of aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ansari
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382055, India.
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Narenkumar J, AlSalhi MS, Arul Prakash A, Abilaji S, Devanesan S, Rajasekar A, Alfuraydi AA. Impact and Role of Bacterial Communities on Biocorrosion of Metals Used in the Processing Industry. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21353-21360. [PMID: 31867530 PMCID: PMC6921611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of the corrosive bacterial community and the biofilm on cooling water systems made from mild steel (MS) and brass (BR) were studied under field exposure conditions using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction methods. Results from16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the predominant bacteria species detected in the biofilm of MS and BR metals during 360 days of exposure were Bacillus cereus EN14, Achromobacter xylosoxidans EN15, A. xylosoxidans EN16, and B. cereus EN17. The weight loss results revealed that a higher corrosion rate was observed in MS (0.7 ± 0.1 mm/y) compared with that in BR (0.17 ± 0.05 mm/y) at the end of the exposure period. This can be explained by the bacterial communities enhancing the corrosion rates by creating a local corrosive environment. Scanning electron microscope images revealed the adsorption of biofilm on the MS and BR surfaces following180 days of exposure. From the electrochemical impedance study, a higher charge transfer resistance (R ct) was obtained for BR (119.6 Ω cm2) when compared with that of MS (43.4 Ω cm2). This study explains the role of bacterial communities and their mechanisms in the corrosion of MS and BR in cooling water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Narenkumar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology
Research
Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
- Shenyang
National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Mohamad S. AlSalhi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- E-mail: , (M.S.A.)
| | - Arumugam Arul Prakash
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology
Research
Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramani Abilaji
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology
Research
Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology
Research
Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
- E-mail: , (A.R.)
| | - Akram A. Alfuraydi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Tang X, Bi L, Lin W, Liu D, Zhang K, Li W. Backscattering ratios of soot-contaminated dusts at triple LiDAR wavelengths: T-matrix results. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A92-A116. [PMID: 30876006 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000a92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on accurate calculations of backscattering properties of transported and soot-contaminated dust at triple wavelengths (0.355, 0.532, and 1.064 μm, respectively) by using the invariant imbedding T-matrix method. The changes of backscattering ratios from bare to soot-contaminated dust were systematically investigated by employing super-spheroidal dust and fractal soot models. The impacts of morphology change and soot absorptivity on backscattering ratios of soot-contaminated dust were clarified. In addition, it was found that adhesion has a large impact on the backscattering ratios. However, the results of non-contact soot-contaminated dust appear to be closer to observations than those of contact mixing.
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Rajasekar A, Xiao W, Sethuraman M, Parthipan P, Elumalai P. Airborne bacteria associated with corrosion of mild steel 1010 and aluminum alloy 1100. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8120-8136. [PMID: 28144863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to measure the contribution of airborne bacteria on corrosion effects of mild steel (MS) and aluminum alloy (AA) as a function of their exposure period, and the atmospheric chemical composition was investigated at an urban industrial coastal site, Singapore. The 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analyses showed that Firmicutes are the predominant bacteria detected in AA and MS samples. The dominant bacterial groups identified were Bacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Paenibacillaceae. The growth and proliferation of these bacteria could be due to the presence of humidity and chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, leading to corrosion. Weight loss showed stronger corrosion resistance of AA (1.37 mg/cm2) than MS (26.13 mg/cm2) over the exposure period of 150 days. The higher corrosion rate could be a result of simultaneous action of pollutants and bacterial exopolysaccharides on the metal surfaces. This study demonstrates the significant involvement of airborne bacteria on atmospheric corrosion of engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruliah Rajasekar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Centre (M3TC), Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 115, India.
| | - Wang Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Centre (M3TC), Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Manivannan Sethuraman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Centre (M3TC), Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processing Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 102, India
| | - Punniyakotti Parthipan
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 115, India
| | - Punniyakotti Elumalai
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 115, India
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